περί: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Thess., Delph. περ <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).517.17 (iii B.C.), al., <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 323 <span class="title">A</span>4 (v/iv B.C.), also Aeol., v. infr. A. V; Elean παρ ib.413.4 : Prep. with [[genitive]], dat., and acc.:—<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[round about]], [[all round]] (prop. different from [[ἀμφί]], [[on both sides]]). (Cogn. with Skt. [[pári]] 'round about'.) </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> WITH GENITIVE, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], sometimes in Poets, [[round about]], [[around]], τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίς <span class="bibl">Od.5.68</span>; τείχη π. Δαρδανίας <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Tr.</span>818</span> (lyr., s.v.l.); εἴλυμα π. χροός <span class="bibl">A.R.2.1129</span> : rarely, like [[ἀμφί]], [[on both sides]], v. [[περιβαίνω]] ''1'' fin. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[about near]], π. σοῦ πάντα γένοιτο ῥόδα <span class="title">IG</span>14.2508 (Nemausus). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> to denote the object [[about]] or [[for]] which one does something: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> with Verbs of fighting or contending, <b class="b3">π. τινός</b> [[for]] an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought [[about]], <b class="b3">π. τῶνδε</b> [[for]] these prizes, <span class="bibl">Il.23.659</span>; π. πτόλιος… μαχήσεται <span class="bibl">18.265</span>; <b class="b3">π. Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">195</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.120</span>; π. σεῖο <span class="bibl">3.137</span>; π. νηὸς ἔχον πόνον <span class="bibl">15.416</span>; <b class="b3">ἀμύνεσθαι π. πάτρης, π. νηῶν, π. τέκνων</b>, <span class="bibl">12.243</span>,<span class="bibl">142</span>,<span class="bibl">170</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε π. ψυχῆς</b> since it was [[for]] my life, <span class="bibl">Od.9.423</span>; π. ψυχῆς θέον Ἕκτορος <span class="bibl">Il.22.161</span>; π. ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο <span class="bibl">Od.22.245</span>; in Prose, <b class="b3">τρέχειν π. ἑωυτοῦ, π. τῆς ψυχῆς</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.57</span>,<span class="bibl">9.37</span>; ἀγῶνας δραμέονται π. σφέων αὐτῶν <span class="bibl">Id.8.102</span>; νεναυμάχηκε τὴν π. τῶν κρεῶν <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ra.</span>191</span>; &lt;τὸν&gt; π. τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον θέοντες <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.74</span>; <b class="b3">κινδυνεύειν π. τινός</b> ibid., etc.; οὐ π. τῶν ἴσων ὁ κίνδυνός ἐστι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.1.7</span>; and without a Verb, π. γῆς ὅρων διαφοραί <span class="bibl">Th.1.122</span>; π. πάντων ἀγαθῶν ὁ ἀγών <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 3.3.44</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>936</span>(lyr.), etc.; μάχη π. τινός <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>179d</span>; ἐπειγόμενοι π. νίκης <span class="bibl">Il.23.437</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">639</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.26</span>; πεῖραν θανάτου π. καὶ ζωᾶς ἀναβάλλεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>9.29</span>; π. θανάτου φεύγειν <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.95</span>; but <b class="b3">ἐρίσσαι π. μύθων</b> contend [[about]] speaking, i. e. who can speak best, <span class="bibl">Il.15.284</span>; καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐρίζεσκον π. τόξων <span class="bibl">Od.8.225</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.515</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with words which denote care or anxiety, [[about]], [[on account of]], π. Τρώων… μερμηρίζειν <span class="bibl">Il.20.17</span>; ἄχος π. τινός <span class="bibl">Od.21.249</span>; φόνου π. βουλεύειν <span class="bibl">16.234</span>; φροντίζειν π. τινός <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.36</span>, etc.; κήδεσθαι π. τ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 621</span>; δεδιέναι π. τ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>320a</span>, etc.; ἀπολογεῖσθαι π. τ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.2.13</span>; <b class="b3">κρίνειν, διαγιγνώσκειν π. τ</b>., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.40</span>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.96</span>; <b class="b3">π. τ. ψηφίζεσθαι, διαψηφίζεσθαι, ψῆφον φέρειν</b>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.57.42, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.3.50</span>, <span class="bibl">Lycurg.11</span>; βουλεύεσθαι π. τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.69</span>; π. Μεθωναίων <span class="title">IG</span>12.57.49; <b class="b3">διανοεῖσθαι, σκοπεῖν π. τινός</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>270d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>65e</span>; μαντεύεσθαι π. τ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>77</span>; <b class="b3">π. πότου γοῦν ἐστί σοι</b>; so with you it is a question [[of]] drink? <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>87</span>, cf. Plu.2.43b. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> with Verbs of hearing, knowing, speaking, etc., [[about]], [[concerning]], π. νόστου ἄκουσα <span class="bibl">Od.19.270</span>; οἶδα γὰρ εὖ π. κείνου <span class="bibl">17.563</span>; π. πομπῆς μνησόμεθα <span class="bibl">7.191</span>; π. πατρὸς ἐρέσθαι <span class="bibl">1.135</span>, <span class="bibl">3.77</span>; <b class="b3">π. τινὸς ἐρέειν, λέγειν, λόγον ποιήσασθαι</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.5</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>707</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.13</span>, etc.; λέγειν καὶ ἀκούειν π. ἑκάστου <span class="bibl">Th.4.22</span>, etc.; λόγος π. τινός <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>347b</span>, etc.; ἡ π. τινὸς φήμη <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.48</span>; <b class="b3">π. τινὸς ἀγγεῖλαι, κηρῦξαι</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1111</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>193</span>; <b class="b3">π. τινὸς διελθεῖν, διεξελθεῖν, διηγεῖσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>274b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthphr.</span>6c</span>, etc.; παίζειν π. τινός <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.3.8</span>; ἐμπειροτέρως ἔχειν π. τινός <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.82</span>; νόμον γράψαι π. τινός <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.3.52</span>, etc.; νόμῳ χρῆσθαι π. τινός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 214</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> of impulse or motive rather than object, <b class="b3">ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι</b> fought [[for very]] enmity, <span class="bibl">Il.7.301</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">16.476</span>, <span class="bibl">20.253</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[about]], [[in regard to]], μεμηνυμένος π. τινός <span class="bibl">Th.6.53</span>; οὕτως ἔσχε π. τοῦ πρήγματος τούτου <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.117</span>; τὰ π. τῶν Πλαταιῶν γεγενημένα <span class="bibl">Th.2.6</span>; τὸ π. τούτου γεγονός <span class="bibl">Plb.1.54.5</span> : in Prose freq. without a Verb, ἡ π. τῶν Μαντινικῶν πρᾶξις <span class="bibl">Th.6.88</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τινός</b> [[the circumstances]] of... ib.<span class="bibl">32</span>, <span class="bibl">8.14</span>,<span class="bibl">26</span>, etc. (cf. infr. C. <span class="bibl">1.5</span>); <b class="b3">οὕτω δὴ καὶ π. τῶν ἀρετῶν</b> (sc. [[ἔχει]]) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>72c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>534b</span>, <span class="bibl">551c</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. τοῦ καταλειφθῆναι τὸν σῖτον</b> [[as for]] reserving the corn, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMich.Zen.</span>28.5</span> (iii B.C.): without the Art., <b class="b3">ἀριθμοῦ πέρι</b> [[as to]] number, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.102</span>; <b class="b3">χρηστηρίων δὲ πέρι</b>… <span class="bibl">Id.2.54</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[before]], [[above]], [[beyond]], of superiority, chiefly in Ep., π. πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων <span class="bibl">Il.1.287</span>; π. δ' ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">4.375</span>; τετιμῆσθαι π. πάντων <span class="bibl">9.38</span>; ὃν π. πάσης τῖεν ὁμηλικίης <span class="bibl">5.325</span>; ὃν… π. πάντων φίλατο παίδων <span class="bibl">20.304</span>; π. πάντων ἴδριες ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">Od.7.108</span>; κρατερὸς π. πάντων <span class="bibl">Il.21.566</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.417</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.11.216</span>: in this sense freq. divided from its gen., <b class="b3">π. φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων</b> in understanding to be [[beyond]] them, <span class="bibl">Il.17.171</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.258</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.66</span>; π. μὲν εἶδος, π. δ' ἔργα τέτυκτο τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν <span class="bibl">Il.17.279</span>; π. μὲν κρατέεις, π. δ' αἴσυλα ῥέζεις ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">21.214</span>; π. δ' ἔγχει Ἀχαιῶν φέρτατός ἐσσι <span class="bibl">7.289</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.50</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc. 25.119</span>.—In this sense [[π]]. is sometimes adverbial, and the gen. is absent, v. infr. E. II. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> in Hdt. and Att. Prose, to denote value, <b class="b3">ἡμῖν π. πολλοῦ ἐστι</b> it is [[of]] much [[consequence]], [[worth]] much, to us, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1</span>. <span class="bibl">120</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.3</span>; <b class="b3">π. πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τινας</b> to reckon them [[for]], i.e. [[worth]], much, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.73</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.3.10</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. πλείονος, π. πλείστου ποιεῖσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.44</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.60</span>; π. πλείστου ἡγεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.2.89</span>; π. παντὸς ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.1</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἐλάττονος ἡγούμενοι, π. οὐδενὸς ἡγήσασθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.2.71</span>,<span class="bibl">31.31</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> Aeol. [[περί]] and περ = [[ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς… δίννεντες πτέρα]] Sapph.1.10; <b class="b3">περ κεφάλας</b> prob. in <span class="bibl">Alc.93</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18</span>; περρ ἁπαλῶ στύματός σε πεδέρχομαι <span class="bibl">Theoc.29.25</span>; also Hellenistic, <b class="b3">ὃ διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου</b> paid [[on]] my <b class="b2">behalf, PCair. Zen</b>.<span class="bibl">790.23</span> (iii B. C.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>57.12</span> (ii B. C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> WITH DATIVE (in Att. Prose mostly in signf. ''ΙΙ'', especially in Th.), </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], [[round about]], [[around]], of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc., ἔνδυνε π. στήθεσσι χιτῶνα <span class="bibl">Il.10.21</span>; χιτῶνα π. χροῒ δῦνεν <span class="bibl">Od.15.60</span>; δύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ π. χροΐ <span class="bibl">Il.13.241</span>; ἕσσαντο π. χροῒ χαλκόν <span class="bibl">Od.24.467</span>; κνημῖδας… π. κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε <span class="bibl">Il.11.17</span>; βεβλήκει τελαμῶνα π. στήθεσσι <span class="bibl">12.401</span> : in Prose, π. τῇσι κεφαλῇσι εἶχον τιάρας <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.61</span>; θώρακα π. τοῖς στέρνοις ἔχειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.13</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ π. τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια π. ταῖς χερσί</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1.3.2</span>.; π. τῇ χειρὶ δακτύλιον ὄντα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>359e</span>, etc.; χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε π. στήθεσσι <span class="bibl">Il.13.245</span>; χιτῶνα π. στήθεσσι δαΐξαι <span class="bibl">2.416</span>; πήληξ… κονάβησε π. κροτάφοισι <span class="bibl">15.648</span>; in other relations, <b class="b3">π. δ' ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται</b> will grow weary [[by grasping]] the spear, <span class="bibl">2.389</span>; δράκων ἑλισσόμενος π. χειῇ <span class="bibl">22.95</span>; κνίση ἑλισσομένη π. καπνῷ <span class="bibl">1.317</span>; π. σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση <span class="bibl">23.598</span>; μάρναντο π. Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν <span class="bibl">18.453</span> : rarely in Trag., π. βρέτει πλεχθείς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>259</span> (lyr.); κεῖται νεκρὸς π. νεκρῷ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1240</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in Poets, also, [[around]] a weapon, i. e. [[spitted upon]] it, [[transfixed by]] it, π. δουρὶ πεπαρμένη <span class="bibl">Il.21.577</span>; ἐρεικόμενος π. δουρί <span class="bibl">13.441</span>; κυλινδόμενος π. χαλκῷ <span class="bibl">8.86</span>; π. δουρὶ ἤσπαιρε <span class="bibl">13.570</span>; πεπτῶτα π. ξίφει <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>828</span>; αἷμα ἐρωήσει π. δουρί <span class="bibl">Il.1.303</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of a warrior [[standing over]] a dead comrade so as to defend him, ἀμφὶ δ' ἄρ' αὐτῷ βαῖν', ὥς τις π. πόρτακι μήτηρ <span class="bibl">17.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἑστήκει, ὥς τίς τε λέων π. οἷσι τέκεσσι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">133</span>; <b class="b3">Αἴας π. Πατρόκλῳ… βεβήκει</b> ib.<span class="bibl">137</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">355</span>; π. σκύμνοισι βεβηκώς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 1039</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of an object [[for]] or [[about]] which one struggles (cf. supr. A. 11.1), π. οἷσι μαχειόμενος κτεάτεσσι <span class="bibl">Od.17.471</span>; μαχήσασθαι π. δαιτί <span class="bibl">2.245</span>; π. παιδὶ μάχης πόνος <span class="bibl">Il.16.568</span>; ἄνδρα π. ᾗ πατρίδι μαρνάμενον <span class="bibl">Tyrt.10.2</span>; π. τοῖς φιλτάτοις κυβεύειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>314a</span>; π. τῇ Σικελίᾳ ἔσται ὁ ἀγών <span class="bibl">Th.6.34</span> codd.; κινδυνεύειν π. αὑτῷ <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with Verbs denoting care, anxiety, or the opposite (cf. supr. A. 11.2), π. γὰρ δίε ποιμένι λαῶν, μή τι πάθοι <span class="bibl">Il.5.566</span>; ἔδεισεν δὲ π. ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ <span class="bibl">10.240</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.557</span>; δεδιότες π. τῷ χωρίῳ <span class="bibl">Th.1.60</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">74</span>, <span class="bibl">119</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>27</span>; θαρρεῖν π. τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῇ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>114d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>148c</span>; π. πλέγματι γαθεῖ <span class="bibl">Theoc.1.54</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> generally, of the cause or occasion, [[on account of]], [[by reason of]], <b class="b3">ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ</b>, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[ὑπὸ καπνοῦ]] in <span class="bibl">Il.8.183</span>; μὴ π. Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.101</span>; π. σφίσιν αὐτοῖς πταῖσαι <span class="bibl">Th.6.33</span>; π. αὑτῷ σφαλῆναι <span class="bibl">Id.1.69</span> : in Poets, <b class="b3">π. δείματι</b> [[for]] fear, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.58</span>; <b class="b3">π. τιμᾷ</b> [[in]] honour or praise, ib.<span class="bibl">2.59</span>; <b class="b3">π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>696</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>35</span>(lyr.); π. χάρματι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>429</span>:—but <b class="b3">π. θυμῷ</b> is [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.50</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> WITH ACCUSATIVE, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], prop. of the object [[round about]] which motion takes place, <b class="b3">π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων</b> came flocking [[round]] the pit, <span class="bibl">Od.11.42</span>; π. νεκρὸν ἤλασαν ἵππους <span class="bibl">Il.23.13</span>; π. τέρματα ἵπποι τρωχῶσι <span class="bibl">22.162</span>; <b class="b3">ἄστυ πέρι… διώκειν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">173</span>,<span class="bibl">230</span>; ἐρύσας π. σῆμα <span class="bibl">24.16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">51</span>, etc.; π. φρένας ἤλυθ' ἰωή <span class="bibl">10.139</span>; π. φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος <span class="bibl">Od.9.362</span> : also of extension [[round]], <b class="b3">ἑστάμεναι π. τοῖχον, π. βωμόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.374</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.187</span>, etc.; λέξασθαι π. ἄστυ <span class="bibl">Il.8.519</span>; μάρνασθαι π. ἄ. <span class="bibl">6.256</span>, etc.; φυλάσσοντας π. μῆλα <span class="bibl">12.303</span>; <b class="b3">οἳ π. Πηνειὸν… ναίεσκον, π. Δωδώνην… οἰκί' ἔθεντο</b>, <span class="bibl">2.757</span>, <span class="bibl">750</span>; σειρήν κεν π. ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο δησαίμην <span class="bibl">8.25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.18.67</span>: in Prose, ἰκριῶσαι π. τὼ ἀγάλματε <span class="title">IG</span>12.371.22; φυλακὰς δεῖ π. τὸ στρατόπεδον εἶναι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 5.1.9</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν</b> [[somewhere near]] it, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>259a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 1.2.9</span>; εἶναι π. τὸν λαγώ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>4.4</span>; <b class="b3">π. λίθον πεσών</b> [[upon]] it, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span> 1180</span>; <b class="b3">π. αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν</b> collapse [[upon]] themselves, <span class="bibl">D.2.10</span>; ταραχθεῖσαι [αἱ νῆες] π. ἀλλήλας <span class="bibl">Th.7.23</span>; <b class="b3">πλεῦνες π. ἕνα</b> many [[to]] one, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.103</span>; <b class="b3">π. τὸν ἄρξαντα… τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι</b> is [[imputable to]] him who... <span class="bibl">Antipho 4.4.2</span> : freq. with a Subst. only, <b class="b3">ἡ π. Λέσβον ναυμαχία</b> the sea-fight [[off]] Lesbos, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.3.32</span>; οἱ π. τὴν Ἔφεσον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>179e</span>; στρατηγοὶ π. Πελοπόννησον <span class="title">IG</span>12.324.18 : strengthened, π. τ' ἀμφί τε τάφρον <span class="bibl">Il.17.760</span>; π. τ' ἀμφί τε κύματα <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>848</span>; cf. [[ἀμφί]] c. <span class="bibl">1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of persons who are [[about]] one, ἔχειν τινὰ π. αὑτόν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.3.22</span>; esp. <b class="b3">οἱ π. τινά</b> a person's attendants, connections, associates, or colleagues, οἱ π. τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις <span class="bibl">Th.8.63</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ π. Ἡράκλειτον</b> his school, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>440c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.8</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ π. Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι</b> Archias [[and his colleagues]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>2.4.2</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ π. τινά</b> so-and-so [[and his family]], PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.), etc.; later <b class="b3">οἱ π. τινά</b>, periphr. for the person himself, <b class="b3">οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον</b> Fabricius, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pyrrh.</span>20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tim.</span>13</span>, <span class="title">IGRom.</span>3.883.14 (Tarsus, ii/iii A.D.); cf. [[ἀμφί]] C. 1.3. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> of the object [[about]] which one is occupied or concerned, <b class="b3">π. δόρπα πονεῖσθαι, π. δεῖπνον πένεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.24.444</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.624</span> (but <b class="b3">π. τεύχε' ἕπουσι</b>, tmesis for [[περιέπουσι]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.555</span>); later mostly <b class="b3">εἶναι π. τι</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.7.31</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.2.4</span>; γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.12</span>; <b class="b3">π. γυναῖκας γενέσθαι</b> Vett. Val.<span class="bibl">17.20</span>; ὄντων ἡμῶν π. ταύτην τὴν πραγματείαν <span class="bibl">D.48.6</span>; διατρῖψαι π. τὴν θήραν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.11</span>, etc.: less freq. ἔχειν π. τινάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HG</span>7.4.28</span>, Gal.15.442; in periphr. phrases, <b class="b3">οἱ π. τὴν ποίησιν καὶ τοὺς λόγους ὄντες</b> poets and orators, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.35</span>; οἱ π. τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ὄντες <span class="bibl">Id.9.8</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ π. τὴν μουσικήν</b> ib.4; <b class="b3">οἱ π. τὰς τελετάς</b> ministers of the mysteries, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>69c</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ π. τὸν ἵππον</b> the groom, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Eq.</span>6.3</span>; cf. [[ἀμφί]] C. <span class="bibl">1.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[round]] or [[about]] a place, and so [[in]], π. νῆσον ἀλώμενοι <span class="bibl">Od.4.368</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">90</span>; ἐμέμηκον π. σηκούς <span class="bibl">9.439</span>; <b class="b3">ἃν π. ψυχὰν γάθησεν</b> [[in]] his heart, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.122</span>; χρονίζειν π. Αἴγυπτον <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.61</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.131</span>; εὕροι ἄν τις [βασιλείας] π. τοὺς βαρβάρους <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>544d</span>, etc.; οἱ π. Φωκίδα τόποι <span class="bibl">Plb.5.24.12</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[about]], [[in the case of]], <b class="b3">τὰ π. τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ π. Μίλητον γενόμενα</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.13</span>, <span class="bibl">6.26</span>; εὐσεβεῖν π. θεούς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>193a</span>; ἀσεβεῖν π. ξένους <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.2.10</span>; ἁμαρτάνειν π. τινάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>3.2.20</span>; ἀνήρ ἐστιν ἀγαθὸς π. τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων <span class="title">IG</span>12.59.10; ἄνδρ' ἀγαθὸν ὄντα Μαραθῶνι π. τὴν πόλιν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>696</span>; τοιαύτην γνώμην ἔχειν π. τὸν πατέρα <span class="bibl">Lys.10.21</span>; οὐδεμία συμφορὴ… ἔσται… π. οἶκον τὸν σόν <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.102</span>; [[ποιέειν]] or <b class="b3">πράττειν τι π. τινά</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.158</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 507a</span>; τὰ π. Πρηξάσπεα πρηχθέντα <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.76</span>; καινοτομεῖν π. τὰ θεῖα <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Euthphr.</span>3b</span>; π. θεοὺς μὴ σωφρονεῖν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.20</span>; <b class="b3">σπουδάζειν π. τινά</b> promote his cause, <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.10</span>: without a Verb, αἱ π. τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραί <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.2.20</span>; ἡ π. αὑτὸν ἐπιμέλεια <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.2</span>; ἡ π. ἡμᾶς ἡνιόχησις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>246b</span>: generally, of all relations, [[about]], [[concerning]], [[in respect of]], π. μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχει <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.93</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.86</span>; πονηρὸν π. τὸ σῶμα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>313d</span>; ἀκόλαστος π. ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.42</span>; <b class="b3">γελοῖος π. τὰς διατριβάς</b> ib.126; ξυνηνέχθη θόρυβος π. τὸν Ἀστύοχον <span class="bibl">Th.8.84</span>; [[as to]] (cf. A. 11.5), π. τὸ παρὸν πάθος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>179c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span>65a</span> : freq. in place of an Adj., <b class="b3">ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν</b>, i.e. [[γεωργικά]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>370d</span>; οἱ νόμοι οἱ π. τοὺς γάμους <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cri.</span>50d</span>; αἱ π. τὰ μαθήματα ἡδοναί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>51e</span>; also in place of a gen., <b class="b3">οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι</b> the speeches [[of]] L., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>279a</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ π. Φίλιππον τυραννίς</b> the despotism [[of]] P., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.2</span>; ἀκρασίας τῆς π. τὸν θυμόν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1149b19</span> : in Prose, to denote circumstances [[connected with]] any person or thing, <b class="b3">τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.95</span>, <span class="bibl">2.113</span>, <span class="bibl">4.154</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων</b> the [[works at]] Mount Athos, <span class="bibl">Id.7.37</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τὰς ναῦς</b> naval [[affairs]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.13</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν</b> (v.l. for [[τῆς ναυμαχίας]]) the [[events of]]... <span class="bibl">Id.8.63</span>; τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>468a</span>; τὰ π. τὸ σῶμα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>246d</span>; τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.1.23</span>, etc.; cf. [[ἀμφί]] c.<span class="bibl">1.4</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of [[time]], <b class="b3">π. λύχνων ἁφάς</b> [[about]] the time of lamp-lighting, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.215</span>; <b class="b3">π. μέσας νύκτας</b> [[about]] midnight, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.7.1</span>; <b class="b3">π. πλήθουσαν ἀγοράν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">2.1.7</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἡλίου δυσμάς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">6.5.32</span>; π. τούτους τοὺς χρόνους <span class="bibl">Th.3.89</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of round numbers, <b class="b3">π. ἑβδομήκοντα</b> [[about]] seventy, <span class="bibl">Id.1.54</span>; π. ἑπτακοσίους <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.4.5</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">D</span> Position: π. may follow its Subst., when it suffers anastrophe, ἄστυ πέρι <span class="bibl">Il.22.173</span>; ἔριδος πέρι <span class="bibl">16.476</span>: most freq. with [[genitive]], τοῦδε πράγματος πέρι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>630</span>; τῶνδε βουλεύειν πέρι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span> 248</span>, etc. (S. only once uses it [[before]] its gen., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>150</span> (anap.)): in Prose, σφέων αὐτῶν πέρι <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.36</span>; σοφίας πέρι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>49a</span>; δικαίων τε πέρι καὶ ἀδίκων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>455a</span>, etc.; γραμμάτων εἴπομεν ὡς οὐχ ἱκανῶς ἔχεις πέρι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>809e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ap.</span>19c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">E</span> [[περί]] abs., as ADV., [[around]], [[about]], also, [[near]], [[by]], freq. in Hom., γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα π. χθών <span class="bibl">Il.19.362</span>, al.: strengthened, περί τ' ἀμφί τε κάλλος ἄητο [[round about]], h.Cer.276, cf. <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1.1.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[before]] or [[above others]] (cf. A. 111), [[exceedingly]], only Ep., in which case it commonly suffers anastrophe, Τυδεΐδη, πέρι μέν σε τίον Δαναοί <span class="bibl">Il.8.161</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.53</span>; <b class="b3">σε χρὴ πέρι μὲν φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">100</span>; τοι πέρι δῶκε θεὸς πολεμήϊα ἔργα <span class="bibl">13.727</span>; ἅ οἱ πέρι δῶκεν Ἀθήνη <span class="bibl">Od.2.116</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.110</span>; πέρι γάρ μιν ὀϊζυρὸν τέκε μήτηρ <span class="bibl">3.95</span>; πέρι κέρδεα οἶδεν <span class="bibl">2.88</span>; τὸν πέρι Μοῦσ' ἐφίλησεν <span class="bibl">8.63</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> π. does not suffer anastrophe in the Ep. phrase <b class="b3">π. κῆρι</b> [[right heartily]], π. κῆρι φίλησε <span class="bibl">Il.13.430</span>, etc. (<b class="b3">κῆρι φιλεῖν</b> alone, <span class="bibl">9.117</span>); ἀπέχθωνται π. κῆρι <span class="bibl">4.53</span>; <b class="b3">π. κῆρι τιέσκετο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">46</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.5.36</span>, <span class="bibl">7.69</span>; π. κῆρι… ἐχολώθη <span class="bibl">Il.13.206</span>; also π. φρεσὶν ἄσπετος ἀλκή <span class="bibl">16.157</span>; π. φρεσὶν αἴσιμα ᾔδη <span class="bibl">Od.14.433</span>; ἀλύσσοντες π. θυμῷ <span class="bibl">Il.22.70</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.14.146</span>; π. σθένεϊ <span class="bibl">Il.17.22</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> for <b class="b3">περὶ πρό</b>, v. [[περιπρό]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">περὶ κάτω</b> bottom [[upwards]], δῖνος π. κάτω τετραμμένος <span class="bibl">Stratt.34</span>, cf. Phot.; τὴν κόγχην στρέψας π. τὰ κάτω <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>9.34</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">F</span> IN COMPOS. all its chief senses recur, esp. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> extension in all directions as from a centre, [[all round]], as in [[περιβάλλω]], [[περιβλέπω]], [[περιέχω]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> completion of an orbit and return to the same point, [[about]], as in [[περιάγω]], [[περιβαίνω]], [[περίειμι]] ([[εἶμι]] [[ibo]]), [[περιέρχομαι]], [[περιστρέφω]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> a going over or beyond, [[above]], [[before]], as in [[περιβαίνω]] III, [[περιβάλλω]] v, [[περιγίγνομαι]], [[περιεργάζομαι]], [[περιτοξεύω]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> generally, a strengthening of the simple notion, [[beyond measure]], [[very]], [[exceedingly]], as in [[περικαλλής]], [[περίκηλος]], [[περιδείδω]], like Lat. [[per]]-. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> the notion of [[double]]-ness which belongs to [[ἀμφί]] is found in only one poetic compd., [[περιδέξιος]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">G</span> PROSODY: [[περί]] never suffers elision in Il. or Od. (περ' ἰγνύσι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>152</span>); once in Hes., περίαχε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>678</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">Q.S.3.601</span>, <span class="bibl">11.382</span>), v. [[ἰάχω]] fin.; περ' ἰγνύῃσι <span class="bibl">Theoc.25.242</span>; περ' Ἠδάλιον <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span> 135.27 H.; also in Pi., περάπτων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>3.52</span>; περόδοις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>11.40</span>; περιδαῖος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>154</span>; περ' αὐτᾶς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>4.265</span>; ταύτας περ' ἀτλάτου πάθας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">O.</span>6.38</span> : not in Trag. ([[περεβάλοντο]], [[περεσκήνωσεν]] are ff. ll. in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1147</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>634</span>); in Com. and codd. of Prose writers only in part. of [[περίειμι]] ([[εἶμι]] [[ibo]]) ([[quod vide|q.v.]]):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Com., <b class="b3">περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1005</span> sq.:—Aeol. περρ metri gr., v. A. 5.</span>