defendo: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>dē-fendo</b>: di, [[sum]] (<br /><b>I</b> infin. [[pass]]. parag.: defendier, Verg. A. 8, 493: Juv. 15, 157.— Part. gen. plur. sync.: defendentum, Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. a. [[arch]].: FENDO; cf. Sanscr. han (ghan), to [[smite]]; Gr. [[θείνω]]; [[hence]], also [[offendo]], [[infensus]], [[infestus]], [[mani]]-[[festus]]; cf. [[fustis]], to fend or [[ward]] [[off]] [[any]] [[thing]] [[hostile]] or [[injurious]]; to [[repel]], [[avert]], [[keep]] [[off]]: propulsando arcere (for syn. cf.: [[tueor]], [[tutor]], [[servo]], [[conservo]]. [[propugno]], [[protego]], [[vindico]], [[caveo]]—freq. and [[class]].); [[regularly]] constr. [[with]] acc. [[alone]] (so in Cic. and Caes.); [[very]] [[rarely]] aliquid (aliquem) ab [[aliquo]], and in poets also aliquid alicui; cf. Zumpt. Gr. § 469.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Aliquid (aliquem): ut tu morbos calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, defendas averruncesque, [[Cato]] R. R. 141, 2: [[serva]] cives, defende hostes, cum potes defendere, Enn. ap. Non. 277, 21; cf. [[bellum]] (opp. inferre), Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 13; 2, 29 fin.: ad defendendos [[ictus]] ac repellendos, id. B. C. 2, 9, 3; cf.: [[ignis]] jactus et lapides, id. ib. 2, 2, 4: [[frigus]] et solem, [[Cato]] R. R. 48, 2; cf.: nimios solis ardores, Cic. de Sen. 15, 53; and [[frigus]], Hor. S. 1, 3, 14; also: sitim fonte et purā lymphā, to [[quench]], Sil. 7, 170: qui non defendit injuriam [[neque]] propulsat, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so, injuriam, id. Rosc. Am. 1: noxiam, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48: imperatoris sui tribunorumque [[plebis]] injurias, Caes. B. C. 1, 7 fin.: vim suorum, id. ib. 3, 110, 4; cf.: vim illatam vi, Cic. Mil. 4: pericula, id. Mur. 3; Tac. A. 13, 56: hunc furorem, Verg. A. 10, 905: [[dedecus]] manu, Sil. 13, 99 et saep.: [[crimen]], to [[answer]], [[defend]] [[against]] an [[accusation]], Liv. 42, 48, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With ab: (milites) a pinnis hostes defendebant facillime, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; cf. ib. 8: hostem a [[fossa]], Hirt. B. G. 8, 9: ignem a tectis, Ov. R. Am. 625.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Aliquid alicui (cf. [[arceo]], no. II. d.): iniuriam foribus, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 20: [[solstitium]] pecori, Verg. E. 7, 47; cf.: aestatem capellis, Hor. Od. 1, 17, 3; Prop. 1, 20, 11: [[tela]] [[misero]], Sil. 17, 432: [[dedecus]] morti, id. 5, 490: [[senium]] famae, Stat. Th. 9, 318.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol., to [[put]] a [[stop]] (to a [[fire]]), to [[check]] the flames: nec [[quisquam]] defendere audebat, crebris minis restinguere prohibentium, Tac. A. 15, 38; cf.: urbem incendere, feris in populum immissis, quo difficilius defenderentur, Suet. Ner. 43.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., [[like]] prohibere, [[with]] acc. of [[that]] from [[which]] [[any]] [[thing]] is warded [[off]] or [[averted]], to [[defend]], [[guard]], [[protect]], [[cover]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen. (so [[most]] freq. in all perr. and [[species]] of [[composition]]), constr. [[with]] acc. [[alone]]; [[with]] acc. and ab [[aliquo]] ([[contra]] aliquid), or [[merely]] ab [[aliquo]]; and absol.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[simple]] acc.: Aeduos ceterosque amicos populi Rom., Caes. B. G. 1, 35 fin.: eos, id. ib. 2, 10, 4; id. B. C. 1, 6, 2: se armis, id. B. G. 6, 34: se manu, id. ib. 5, 7, 8; 6, 40, 6 et saep.: [[castra]], id. ib. 3, 3 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 5; 3, 94, 6 ([[with]] tueri): [[oppidum]], id. B. G. 3, 16, 3 et saep.: eum [[defendo]], quem tu accusas, Cic. Sull. 17: aliquem [[apud]] praetores, id. Clu. 45, 126: aliquem de ambitu, id. Sull. 2, 6: cf. causam, id. Clu. 27, 74; id. Sull. 31, 86; id. Lael. 25, 96 et [[passim]]: d. ac tegere [[scelus]], id. Sull. 31, 86; cf. [[with]] protegere, id. ib. 18, 50: justitiam, id. Lael. 7, 25: communem salutem, id. Rep. 1, 1; id. Mur. 2 fin. et saep.: locum, to [[preserve]], [[maintain]], id. Quint. 13, 43; cf.: vicem [[modo]] rhetoris [[atque]] poëtae, to [[sustain]], Hor. S. 1, 10, 12: actorum partes, id. A. P. 194: [[aedes]] Vestae vix [[defensa]] est (sc. ab incendio), preserved, Liv. 26, 27.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Aliquid (aliquem) ab [[aliquo]]: [[Aedui]] cum se suaque ab iis defendere non possent, Caes. B. G. 1, 11, 2: se a finitimis, id. ib. 2, 31, 5; id. B. C. 1, 75, 3; Sall. C. 45, 4 et saep.: Galliam omnem ab Ariovisti injuria, Caes. B. G. 1, 31 fin.; so, aliquem ab injuria, id. ib. 5, 20, 3; Sall. C. 35 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 5: se regnumque suum ab Romanorum [[avaritia]], Sall. J. 49, 2: provinciam non [[modo]] a calamitate, sed [[etiam]] a metu calamitatis, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 14: Italiam a vastatione, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15 fin.: vitam ab inimicorum [[audacia]] telisque, Cic. Mil. 2 fin.: libertatis causam ab [[regio]] praesidio, Liv. 39, 24 et saep.: teneras myrtos a frigore, Verg. E. 7, 6: frondes ab acutae vulnere falcis, a pecoris morsu, Ov. M. 9, 384 et saep.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With ab [[aliquo]]: [[quod]] et ab incendio [[lapis]] et ab ariete [[materia]] defendit, Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 5; so id. B. C. 1, 25 fin.; 3, 63, 7.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Aliquem (aliquid) [[contra]], or [[adversus]] aliquem: me [[scio]] a te [[contra]] iniquos meos solere defendi, Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 7: [[sese]] [[adversus]] populum Romanum defendere, id. Phil. 1, 6, 13: me [[adversus]] Abrupolim, Liv. 42, 41, 10; Just. 2, 4, 32; Suet. Caes. 71; Liv. 5, 35, 4: auctoritatem [[contra]] invidiam, Cic. Phil, 8, 4; 13, 11; id. Fam. 5, 2, 6; id. Sest. 67, 141; 23, 51; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45.—（ε) Absol.: filii qui et sentire et defendere possent, Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64 fin.: cum jam defenderet [[nemo]], Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 6: defendentibus civibus Romanis, id. B. C. 3, 40, 6; cf. in the abl. absol., id. B. G. 2, 12, 3; id. B. C. 3, 68 fin.; Cic. Lael. 25, 96 et saep.: quibus eae partes ad defendendum obvenerunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 81 fin. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[speech]], to [[defend]], [[support]], [[maintain]]; to [[bring]] [[forward]], [[allege]] in [[defence]] (so [[repeatedly]] in Cic.; [[elsewhere]] [[rare]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With acc.: ([[Carneades]]) nullam [[umquam]] in illis suis disputationibus rem defendit, [[quam]] non probarit, Cic. de Or. 2, 38 fin.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 14: me id [[maxime]] defendisse, ut, etc., [[have]] [[chiefly]] striven for, id. Rosc. Am. 47; id. Verr. 2, 3, 37; 2, 5, 58.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With acc. and inf.: gravissimeque et verissime defenditur, [[numquam]] aequitatem ab utilitate posse sejungi, etc., Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90 fin.; id. Tull. 13, 32: [[ille]] [[nihil]] ex his [[sponte]] [[susceptum]] sed principi paruisse defendebat, Tac. A. 13, 43: sed id solitum esse fieri defendebat, Gell. 10, 19; so [[with]] [[verb]] [[pass]]. and inf., Cic. Inv. 2, 32 init.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With a [[relative]] [[clause]]: (quae turpitudines) [[cur]] non cadant in sapientem, non est [[facile]] defendere, Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In the [[later]] jurid. Lat., to [[claim]], [[vindicate]], or [[prosecute]] at [[law]]: [[quia]] libertatem et hereditatem ex testamento sibi defendebat, Dig. 5, 3, 7: si patris mortem defendere [[necesse]] habuerit, i. e. [[legally]] to [[avenge]] his [[death]], ib. 38, 2, 14, § 7; 48, 2, 11.