πειράω

English (LSJ)

Il.8.8, etc. : impf.

   A ἐπείρων Th.4.25 : fut. -άσω [ᾱ] ib.9, 43 : aor. ἐπείρᾱσα S.OC1276, Ar.Eq.517, Th.6.54 : pf. πεπείρᾱκα Luc.Am.26 :—Pass., aor. ἐπειράθην [ᾱ] Th.6.54; cf. πειράζω.    B more freq. in Med. πειράομαι, Il.2.193, 24.390, etc. : fut. -άσομαι [ᾱ] S.OC959, etc.; Dor. 2pl. πειρασεῖσθε Ar.Ach.743, cf. Hippod. ap. Stob.4.1.94; later πειρᾱθήσομαι Gp.12.13.12 : aor. ἐπειρᾱσάμην, Ion. ἐπειρησάμην, Od.8.120, Hdt.7.135, Th.2.44,al.; but aor. Pass. ἐπειρήθην, Att. ἐπειράθην [ᾱ], found in med. sense, Il.19.384, al., Hdt.3.152,al., Th.2.5 (v.l.), 33, 6.92, and in later Prose : pf. πεπείρᾱμαι, Ion. -ημαι, Od.3.23, Pi.Fr.110, Hdt.9.46, S.Fr.584, Antipho 5.1, etc. : 3pl. plpf. ἐπεπείραντο D.C.Fr.24.3, Ion. ἐπεπειρέατο Hdt. 7.125. (From πεῖρα.)    A Act., attempt, endeavour, try, c. inf., μήτε τις . . πειράτω διακέρσαι ἐμὸν ἔπος Il.8.8; πειρήσω (δύναμαι) φηλητέων ὄρχαμος εἶναι h.Merc. 175; π. ἐς τὴν Μηδικὴν ἐσβάλλειν Hdt.6.84, cf. Ar.V.1025, al. : folld. by ὡς... Il.4.66, Od.2.316, etc.; by ὅπως... 4.545 : c. Adj. neut., πολλὰ πειρῶντες Th.6.38; πάντα Plu. 2.1122b : with inf. understood, Th.7.32.    II c. gen. pers., make trial of one, μή μευ πειράτω, for the purpose of persuading, Il.9.345, cf. 24.433; of things, τευχέων A.R.3.1249 : in hostile sense, make an attempt on, μήλων πειρήσοντα Il.12.301, Od.6.134; οὐ πειρᾶν τῆς πόλιος, πρὶν . . Hdt.6.82; π. τοῦ χωρίου Th.1.61; Νισαίας Id.4.70; ἀλλήλων Id.7.38; νυμφείας εὐνᾶς Pi.N.5.30.    III abs., ναυσὶ π. make an attempt by sea, Th.4.25; π. ἐπὶ τὴν κώμην ib.43.    IV c. acc. rei, experience, τύχης ἐπήρειαν Luc.Am.46.    2 c. acc. pers., make an attempt on a woman's honour, Ar.Eq.517 (ubiv. Sch.), Pl. 150, 1067, Lys.1.12, X. Cyr.5.2.28, etc. :—Pass., πειραθεὶς ὁ Ἁρμόδιος ὑπὸ Ἱππάρχου Th.6.54, cf. Pl. Phdr.227c ; v. infr. B. IV, cf. πεῖρα 11.    B more freq. in Med., c. inf., try to do, Il.4.5, Hdt.5.71, 6.138, al., Ar.Pl.459, X.Oec.6.2, Lys. 12.64, Isoc.3.41, Pl. Tht. 186b : c. fut. inf., J.AJ17.8.4 : the inf. is sts. understood, πειρήσεται (sc. ἀλύξαι) Od.4.417 : folld. by εἰ, Il.13.806, Pl.Phd.95b; πειρήσεται αἴ κε θέῃσιν Il.18.601; by ἐάν or ἄν, A.Pr.327, Pl.Lg.638e; by μὴ... lest... Od.21.394; by ὅπως... X.An.3.2.3 : c. part., freq. in Hdt., ἐπειρᾶτο ἐπιών 1.77; προσβαίνων ib.84; π. βιώμενοι 4.139; π. ἀποσχίζων 6.9, cf. 5,50, 7.139, al.; π. σκοπῶν Pl. Tht. 190e<*> c. neut. Adj., τὰ μεγάλα καὶ τὰ μικρὰ π. X.Cyr.1.5.14.    II most freq. (V.A. 11) c. gen.,    1 c. gen. pers., make trial of one, Il.10.444, Od.13.336, etc.; νῦν σεῦ, ξεῖνε, ὀΐω πειρήσεσθαι, εἰ . . 19.215; ἕο αὐτοῦ ἐν ἔντεσι . . εἰ οἷ ἐφαρμόσσειε Il.19.384; with gen. not expressed, ἔπεσιν πειρήσομαι 2.73 ; ἦ πρῶτ' ἐξερέοιτο ἕκαστά τε πειρήσαιτο test him in each particular, Od.4.119 (v.l. μυθήσαιτο) ; π. θεοῦ make trial of, tempt a god, Hdt.6.86. γ, cf. A.Ag. 1663 (troch.) : in hostile sense, πρὶν πειρήσαιτ' Ἀχιλῆος Il.21.580 (with acc. cogn. added ἀέθλους . . ἐπειρήσαντ' Ὀδυσῆος Od.8.23) : freq. in Hdt., esp. ἀλλήλων πειρᾶσθαι, as ἐπειρῶντο κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρὸν ἀλλήλων 1.76; πειρᾶσθέ μου γυναικὸς ὡς ἀφράσμονος A.Ag. 1401, etc.; π. τῆς Πελοποννήσου make an attempt on it, Hdt.8.100; π. τοῦ τείχους Th.2.81.    2 c. gen. rei, make proof or trial of... σθένεος Il. 15.359; ἥβης 23.432; χειρῶν καὶ σθένεος π., ἢ . . ἦ . . Od. 21.282; try one's chance at or in a work or contest, ἔργου 18.369; ἀέθλου, ἀέθλων, Il.23.707, Od. 8.100, etc.; παλαιμοσύνης ib. 126; make proof of, try a weapon, τόξου 21.159,180; νευρῆς ib.410 (but [ὀϊστοί,] τῶν τάχ' ἔμελλον πειρήσεσθαι arrows whose force they were soon to make trial of, i. e.feel, ib. 418); also, make proof of, have experience of, esp. in pf. Pass., first in Hes., νηῶν Op.660 ; οὐ πεπειρημένοι πρότερον [οἱ] Αἰγύπτιοι Ἑλλήνων Hdt.4.159, cf. Pl.Phd.118; πειρασάμενος ἀγαθῶν, δουλείας, Th.2.44, 5.69, cf. Antipho 5.1; κακῶν D.18.253; ὀρφανίας π., i.e. to be an orphan, Phalar. Ep.49; but π. τινὸς μετρίου find him moderate by experience or on trial, Plu. Aem.8, cf. Arat.43; also, πεπείρανται ὅτι . . Lys.27.2.    3 abs., try one's fortune, try the chances of war, αἴ κε θεὸς πειρώμενος ἐνθάδ' ἵκηται Il.5.129 ; πειρώμενος ἢ ἐν ἀέθλῳ ἠὲ καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ making trial of one's powers, 16.590; Ἕκτορι πειρηθῆναι ἀντιβίην, ἢ . . ἦ . . to try one's fortune against him, 21.225; περὶ δ' αὐτῆς πειρηθήτω (sc. τῆς ἵππου) let him try for her, as a prize, 23.553.    III make a trial or put a matter to the test, ἐν σοὶ πειρώμεθα Pl.Phlb.21a : c. dat. modi, ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι Il.5.279; ἐπειρήσαντο πόδεσσι tried their luck in the foot-race, Od.8.120, cf. 205; σφαίρῃ 8.377; also π. σὺν ἔντεσι, σὺν τεύχεσι π., Il.5.220, 11.386 : but in pf., οὐδέ τί πω μύθοισι πεπείρημαι I have not tried myself, have not found my skill, in words, Od.3.23 : abs., ὁ πειραθεὶς πιστεύσει X.Eq.Mag.1.16 ; πεπειραμένος σαφῶς οἶδα by experience, Id.Hier.2.6.    IV c. acc. pers., make an attempt on (V.A.IV.2), Διὸς ἄκοιτιν Pi.P.2.34.