σκληρός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=σκληρά, σκληρόν, also Dor., Pi.''O.''7.29, Epich.[288], hyperdor. [[σκλαρός]] Ti.Locr.104c:—<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[hard]], opp. [[μαλακός]] in all senses:<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[hard]] to the [[touch]], ξύλον σ. ἢ μαλακόν Thgn.1194; [[ἐλαία]] Pi.l.c.; γῆ [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''319, cf. X.''Oec.''16.11; κοίτη [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''942d, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of [[sound]], [[harsh]], σκληρὸν ἐβρόντησε Hes.''Th.''839; βρονταί [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.12; ἡ φωνὴ σκληροτέρα Arist.''Aud.''801b38, al.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of [[taste]] and [[smell]], [[harsh]], [[bitter]], <b class="b3">σκληρὰ ὕδατα</b> (springing from a [[rocky]] [[soil]]) Hp.Aër.1; so σκληρότατος ἀὴρ καὶ [[τόπος]] Plb.4.21.5; of [[wine]], [[dry]], Ar.''Fr.''579, Dsc. ''Alex.Praef.''; ὀσμαί Thphr.''CP''6.14.12 (Comp.): metaph., σκληρὰ [[φράσις]] D.H.''Pomp.''2.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[stiff]], [[unyielding]], opp. [[ὑγρός]] ([[lithe]] and [[supple]]), τιτθία σ. καὶ κυδώνια [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''1199; σκληρότεροι μαστοί [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[De Partibus Animalium|PA]]''688a27; σκέλη X.''Eq.''1.6; <b class="b3">τί τὸ ὑγρὸν τοῦ χαλινοῦ καὶ τί τὸ σ.</b> ib.10.10; of the hair (cf. [[σκληρόθριξ]]), [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''517b11 (Comp.), al.; <b class="b3">σκληρὸν δέρμα, σκληρὰ σάρξ</b>, Id.''PA''665a2, ''Phgn.''806b22, etc.; of persons, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''162b, ''Smp.''196a, Plu.''Ages.''13, Luc.''Salt.''21; of dogs, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cynegeticus|Cyn.]]''3.2; [[τράχηλος]] ib.5.30; <b class="b3">οἱ τὸ σῶμα σ.</b> Arist.''Pr.''873a34, al.<br><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">κοιλίη σκληρά</b> [[costive]], Hp.''Aph.'' 3.25, cf. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[De Partibus Animalium|PA]]''670b9.<br><span class="bld">6</span> of [[light]], [[strong]], ἐν σ. αὐγῇ ἢ μαλακῇ Id.''Col.''793b17.<br><span class="bld">7</span> of a wind, [[strong]], Ep.Jac.3.4, Poll.1.110, Ael.''NA''9.57.<br><span class="bld">II</span> metaph.,<br><span class="bld">1</span> of things, [[hard]], [[austere]], μὴ τὰ μαλακὰ μῶσο, μὴ τὰ σ. ἔχῃς Epich. [[l.c.]]; [[τροφή]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1615; δίαιται E.''Fr.''525.5; βίος Men.522; [[τὰ σκληρά]] = [[hard words]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1406; σ. συμφοραί E.''Fr.''684.3; σκληρὰ [[μαλθακῶς]] λέγων [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''774; <b class="b3">τόνος ἀπηνὴς καὶ σκληρός</b> Plu.''Phoc.''2; [[τὸ σκληρόν]] = [[σκληρότης]], ἡ [[δίαιτα]]. . ὑπερβάλλει ἐπὶ τὸ σ. Arist.''Pol.''1270b33.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of persons, [[harsh]], [[austere]], [[cruel]], [[stubborn]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''24.7, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''155e, Ti.Locr. [[l.c.]]; σκληρὸς [[ἀοιδός]], of the [[Sphinx]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''36; σ. γὰρ αἰεί [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Alcestis|Alc.]]''500; ὦ σ. δαῖμον Ar.''Nu.'' 1264; τοὺς τρόπους σκληρός Id.''Pax''350; <b class="b3">ἄγροικοι καὶ σκληροί</b> [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1128a9; σ. ψυχή [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1361, ''Tr.''1260(anap.); σ. ἄγαν φρονήματα Id.''Ant.''473; [[ἦθος]] Pl.''Smp.''195e; σκληρὸν [[θράσος]] = [[stubborn]] [[courage]], [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Andromache|Andr.]]''261.<br><span class="bld">III</span> Adv., [[σκληρῶς]] [[καθῆσθαι]], i.e. [[sit]] on a [[hard]] [[seat]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''783; [[εὐνάζεσθαι]] X. ''Cyn.''12.2.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[hardly]], [[with difficulty]], E.''Fr.''282.9.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[harshly]], [[obstinately]], [[σκληρῶς]] [[διαμάχεσθαι]] [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''629a; [[ἀπειλεῖν]] ib.885d; τὰ μαλακὰ [[σκληρῶς]] καὶ τὰ σκληρὰ [[μαλακῶς]] [[λέγειν|λέγηται]] = [[gentle]] things are said [[harshly]] and [[harsh]] things [[gently]] Arist.''Rh.''1408b9; [[σκληρῶς]] [[αὐλεῖν]] Id.''Aud.'' 803a20. (Prob. cogn. with [[σκέλλω]].)