ἐφίστημι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. [[ἐπίστημι]]:<br><span class="bld">A</span> causal in pres., impf., fut., and aor. 1 (also in the later pf. and plpf. ἐφέστᾰκα, ἐφεστάκειν [ᾰ], v. infr. 11.1, VI. 2):<br><span class="bld">I</span> [[set]], [[place upon]], τεῖχος τείχει Th.2.75; τι ἐπί τινος Pl.''Criti.'' 116a; τι ἐπί τινι X.''HG''3.1.7; ὅρους ἐπὶ οἰκίαν D.41.6: metaph., ἐ. τὴν ἐκεῖ μοῖραν βίῳ Pl.''R.''498c; ἀνάγκην τινί D.H.1.16.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[set over]], μ' Ἀπόλλων τῷδ' ἐπέστησεν τέλει A.''Ag.''1202; φύλακ' ἐπέστησεν βοτ Id.''Supp.''303; ἐ. τινὰ ὕπαρχόν τισι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.27; τινὰ παιδαγωγόν τινι Pl. ''Alc.''1.122b, cf. X.''Lac.''2.1; τινὰ πεντηκοντόρῳ Id.''An.''5.1.15; τινὰ τοῖς πράγμασι Isoc.2.27; τὸν νόμον Arist.''Pol.''1292b28; ἐπὶ [συμμάχων] τινά Plb.2.65.9; ἐφεστάκει τινὰς πρὸς χρείαν Id.10.20.5; κύνα ἐπὶ ποίμνην D.26.22; τινὰ ἐπὶ τὰς εὐθύνας Id.18.112: c. inf., βουλὴν ἐπιμελεῖσθαι τῆς εὐκοσμίας Isoc.7.37:—Pass., to [[be appointed]], [[be instituted]], PTeb.61 (b).358 (ii B. C.), etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[bring in]], ἡ τύχη ἐπιστήσασα Ῥωμαίους Plb.15.20.6; <b class="b3">Φίλιππον ἐπιστῆσαι τοῖς πράγμασι</b> to [[let]] [[Philip]] [[have]] a [[hand]] in the [[business]], D.19.34.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[bring in]], [[cause]], [[occasion]], κατάπληξίν τισι [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]14.62; <b class="b3">κίνδυνον, ἀγῶνά τινι</b>, App.''Hann.''55, ''Syr.''10; ἡ τύχη λοιμικὴν διάθεσιν ἐπέστησε Γαλάταις Plb.2.20.7.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[set up]], [[establish]], ἀγῶνα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.167, 6.38: c. acc. et inf., [[ordain]], [[prescribe]], ὁ νόμος ἐφίστησι τὰ λοιπὰ κρίνειν τοὺς ἄρχοντας Arist.''Pol.''1287a26; [[ἐπιστήσατε]] quid facere debeamus, Plin.''Ep.''6.31.12.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[set by]] or [[set near to]], ἐπιστήσαντες κύκλῳ τὸ σῆμα ἱππέας [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.72; esp. [[place in rear]], of troops, τὴν φάλαγγα τούτοις κατόπιν ἐ. Plb.1.33.6, cf. 1.26. 14.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[stop]], [[cause to halt]], ἐπιστῆσαι τὸ στράτευμα [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.2.18; <b class="b3">τὴν ὁδόν, τὴν πορείαν</b>, [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]17.112, Plu.''Cim.''1; τοὺς ἱππέας τοῦ πρόσω Arr.''An.''5.16.1; <b class="b3">ἐ. τὴν ὁρμήν</b> [[check]] it, Plb.16.34.2; <b class="b3">τὴν διήγησιν</b> [[interrupt]] it, Id.7.11.1; [[check]], ἔμμηνα Dsc.1.125, cf. ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1088.20 (i A. D.): abs., [[ἐπιστήσας]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἑαυτόν]]) [[having halted]], X.''An.''1.8.15:—Pass., to [[be checked]], [[be stopped]], PPetr.2p.62 (iii B. C.); ἐὰν ἐφίστηται ἡ κοιλία Sor.1.122.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[ἐφίστημι τὴν διάνοιαν]] κατά τι, περί τινος, [[fix one's mind]] upon it, [[attend]] to it, Isoc.9.69, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''987b3, Thphr. ''Char.Prooem.'', etc.; τὴν σκέψιν περί τινος [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''1090a2; τὸν λόγον Id.''Juv.''470b5; τὸν νοῦν τινι [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]12.1; αὑτὸν ἐπιστήσας ἐπί τι Arist.''Top.''135a26: [[ἐπιστῆσαι]] abs., [[give attention]], τούτοις ἐπιστήσαντες Id.''Mu.''391a26; περί τινος Id.''GC''315b18; περί τι Id.''HA''487a13; ἐπί τι Plb.1.65.5, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐπιστήσασι μᾶλλον λεκτέον</b> one must speak [[with]] more [[care and accuracy]], Arist.''Pol.''1335b3, cf. ''EN''1144a22; πότερον.. ἤ Jul. ad Them.265b; [[ὅτι]].. Sor.1.97 (hence [[ἐπίσταμαι]], [[ἐπιστήμη]], [[quod vide|qq.v.]]).<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. pers., [[arrest the attention of]], Plu.''TG''17, cf. 2.17e, Gal.18(2).105; <b class="b3">ἐπιστῆσαί τινα ἐπί τι</b> [[call]] his [[attention]] to, Plb. 2.61.11, cf. 4.34.9; <b class="b3">τοῦ καιροῦ τοῦ κατὰ τὴν διήγησιν ἐφεστακότος ἡμᾶς ἐπί τι</b> [[having led]] us to... Id.10.21.2, cf. 31.23.1: hence, [[object]], Plot. 1.4.5.<br><span class="bld">B</span> intr. in Med. and Pass., [[ἐφίσταμαι]], aor. 1 [[ἐπεστάθην]] [S.] ''Fr.'' [1127.5], E.''Hipp.''819, ''IT''1375, etc., with pf., plpf. (Aeol. plpf. 3sg. ἐπήστᾱκε ''Schwyzer'' 646.16 (Cyme, ii B. C.): Dor. plpf. 3pl. <b class="b3">ἐφεστάκεον [ᾱ</b>] ''SIG''241.146 (Delph., iv B. C.)), and aor. 2 Act.: (the causal tenses are not found in Hom., the Med. or Pass. only in impf. ἐφίστατο Il.11.644; elsewhere always aor. 2 or pf. Act. with Ep. inf. ἐφεστάμεναι Od.24.380):—[[stand upon]], τεῖχος.. ῥύατ' ἐφεσταότες Il.18.515; πύργῳ ἐφεστήκει 6.373; δίφρῳ ἐφεσταότος 17.609, etc.; ἐπέστη βηλῷ ἔπι λιθέῳ 23.201; ἡ.. ἐπισταθεῖσα ὀρθή [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]'' 1051a28; ἐπὶ τὰς.. σχεδίας Plb.3.46.8.<br><span class="bld">2</span> to [[be imposed upon]], μόχθων τῶν ἐφεστώτων ἐμοί S.''Tr.''1170.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[stand on the top]] or [[stand on the surface]], <b class="b3">τὸ ἐπιστάμενον [τοῦ γάλακτος</b>], i.e. [[cream]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.2; λιπαρότητες ἄνω ἐφιστάμεναι Hp.''Prog.''12; <b class="b3">ἐ. καθάπερ ὀρρὸς [γάλακτι</b>] Dsc.1.72; of vapour, [[form]], Arist.''Juv.''469b31.<br><span class="bld">II</span> to [[be set over]], ἐφίσταται πύλαις A.''Th.''538; οἷός τε πολλοῖς προβατίοις ἐφεστάναι Ar.''V.''955; οἷοι νῷν ἐφεστᾶσι σκοποί [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''945; ἄρχοντες ἐφ' ἑκάστῳ μέρει ἐ. X. ''Hier.''9.5; ἐπί τινος Pl.''R.''460b; ἐπὶ τῆς πολιτείας D.19.298: rarely c. gen., τὸν ἐπεστεῶτα τῆς διώρυχος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.117; ὅσοι θεοῦ χρημάτων ἐφέστασαν [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Andromache|Andr.]]''1098: abs. in part., ὁ [[ἐφεστηκώς]] = the [[person in authority]], the [[officer in command]], X.''Oec.''21.9; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐφεστῶτες</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">οἱ ἐπεστεῶτες</b>, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.148, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1072, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.5.19.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[stand by]] or [[stand near]], ὣς πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν Il.13.133; <b class="b3">ἐπ' ἄκρῳ χείλει ἐφεσταότες, ἐ. παρὰ τάφρῳ</b>, 12.52, 199; θύρῃσιν ἐφίστατο 11.644; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὰς πύλας, ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας</b>, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.77, Pl.''Smp.''212d; ἐπὶ τοῖς προθύροις Id.''Phlb.''64c; especially of dreams or visions, [[appear to]], εὕδοντι ἐπέστη ὄνειρος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.34, cf. 7.14; ὄναρ κεφαλῆφιν ἐπέστη Il.10.496; ἐπιστᾶσα τῆς νυκτός Isoc.10.65; ἄγγελος ἐπέστη αὐτοῖς ''Ev.Luc.''2.9: abs., [[stand by]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.78; πολλῶν ἐφεστώτων App.''Syr.''10; ἤμην ἐφεστώς ''Act.Ap.''22.20; οἱ λέβητες ἐπεστεῶτες [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.59; ὁ ἀντίδικος ἐφέστηκε [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''172e, cf. Aeschin.3.79; without hostile sense, ἐπέστης [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''558, cf. ''Ev.Luc.''2.38, etc.; of troops, to [[be posted after]] or [[behind]], κατόπιν ἐ. τοῖς θηρίοις Plb.16.18.7.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in hostile sense, [[stand against]], τὰ φρονέοντες ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν Il.15.703, cf.5.624; ἔνθα μένος πνείοντες ἐφέστασαν Od.22.203, cf. 24.380; [[appear before]], of an army, ἐπὶ τῇ πόλι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.203; ἐπὶ τὸ βασίλειον Isoc.9.58; [[come upon suddenly]] or [[come upon by surprise]], Th.8.69; ἐξαίφνης ἐπιστὰς τοῖς γιγνομένοις Isoc.8.41, cf. D.6.5, Luc.''DDeor.''17.1; εἰς τοὺς ὄχλους Isoc.18.9; so of events, etc., αἰφνίδιος αὐτοῖς ἐ. ὄλεθρος ''1 Ep.Thess.''5.3, cf. ''Ev.Luc.''21.34; διὰ τὸν ἐφεστῶτα ζόφον Plb.18.20.7; διὰ τὸν ὑετὸν τὸν ἐφεστῶτα ''Act.Ap.''28.2.<br><span class="bld">3</span> metaph., of events, [[spring upon]] one, [[occur]], πρίν μοι τύχη τοιάδ' ἐπέστη [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''777, cf. Th.3.82; in pf., [[impend]], [[be at hand]], τὸν ἐφεστηκότα κίνδυνον τῇ πόλει D.18.176; ὁ καιρός.. ἐφέστηκε ''2 Ep.Ti.''4.6; περὶ τοῦ βασιλέως.. ὁ λόγος ἐφέστηκε νῦν Arist.''Pol.''1287a2, cf. ''Metaph.''999a25; of a more remote future, to [[be in store]], [[lie in wait for]], κῆρες ἐφεστᾶσιν θανάτοιο Il.12.326.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[halt]], [[stop]], as in a [[march]], ἄλλοτε καὶ ἄλλοτε ἐφιστάμενος X.''An.''2.4.26 (cf. A. V); ἐπιστὰς περιέμεινα Pl.''Smp.''172a: c. gen., ἐ. τοῦ πλοῦ Th.2.91.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[fix one's mind on]], [[give one's attention to]], σφαγῇ [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Andromache|Andr.]]'' 547; τῇ τρύγῃ ''PFlor.''236.4 (iii A. D.); ἐπί τι Isoc.10.29, D.18.60; τοῖς πράγμασιν.. ἐπιστάντες Id.4.12; [[ἐπιστάς]] abs. (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">τοῖς πράγμασι</b>), Id.18.233; διὰ ταῦτ' ἐγρήγορεν, ἐφέστηκεν Id.6.19.<br><span class="bld">C</span> aor. 1 Med. in causal sense, [[set up]], τὰς θύρας X.''Ages.''8.7; [[set]], [[post]], φρουροὺς ἐπεστησάμην Id.''Cyr.''8.2.19; <b class="b3">τέλος ἐπιστήσασθαι</b>, Lat. [[finem imponere]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''802a: pres. is once so used, <b class="b3">τοῦ με τήνδ' ἐφίστασαι βάσιν</b>; why dost thou [[cause]] me to [[halt]]? S.''Tr.''339.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ἐπιστησάμενος]], intr., having been [[ἐπιστάτης]], ''IGRom.''4.1265 (Thyatira).