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πικρός

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Τοὺς τῆς φύσεως οὐκ ἔστι λανθάνειν (μανθάνειν) νόμους → Legibus naturae non potest evadier → Naturgesetze keiner insgeheim verletzt

Menander, Monostichoi, 492
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Full diacritics: πικρός Medium diacritics: πικρός Low diacritics: πικρός Capitals: ΠΙΚΡΟΣ
Transliteration A: pikrós Transliteration B: pikros Transliteration C: pikros Beta Code: pikro/s

English (LSJ)

ά, όν, poet. also ός, όν Od.4.406 :—prop.

   A pointed, sharp, keen, ὀϊστός Il.4.118, al.; βέλεμνα 22.206; γλωχίς S.Tr.681 : metaph., γλώσσης πικροῖς κέντροισι E.HF1288.    II generally, sharp to the sense:    1 of taste, pungent, ῥίζα Il.11.846; ἅλμη Od.5.323; δάκρυον (v.l. for πυκνόν) 4.153; of salt water, opp. γλυκύς, Hdt.4.52, cf. 7.35; ἁλμυρὸς καὶ π. Pl.Lg.705a; πριγλία π. PCair.Zen.82.8 (iii B.C.); ἀπ' ὄμφακος πικρᾶς A.Ag.970; ὑγρότης π., opp. ὀξεῖα, Meno Iatr.5.13; also of smell, pungent, Od.4.406; πικρὸν ὀδωδώς Alciphr. 3.59. (This sense prevails in the derived and compd. words.)    2 of feeling, sharp, keen, ὠδῖνες Il.11.271, S.Tr.41.    3 of sound, piercing, shrill, οἰμωγά Id.Ph.189 (lyr.); φθόγγος Id.OC1610; γόοι, ὄδυρμα, E.Ph.883, Tr.1227 (lyr.); πικροτάτη ὄψ Ar.Pax805 (lyr.).    III metaph.,    1 of things, bitter, esp. of what yields pain instead of expected pleasure, freq. in threats, μὴ τάχα πικρὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Κύπρον ἵκηαι (v.l. ἴδηαι) Od.17.448, cf. Ar.Av.1045, Th.883 (lyr.), E.Med.399, IA955, Ba.357, Cyc.589; π. Σίγειον κατηγόμην S.Ph.355; τὸ πὰρ δίκαν γλυκὺ πικροτάτα μένει τελευτά Pi.I.7(6).48, cf. A.Ag.745 (lyr.) ; τιμωρία, ἀγῶνες, Id.Pers.473, S.Aj.1239 ; δύαι, χεῖμα, A.Pr. 180 (lyr.), Ag.198 (lyr.) ; πικρότερ' ἀχέων Id.Supp. 875 (lyr.); λόγοι E.Hel.481 ; πικροτάτου χρυσοῦ φύλαξ Id.Hec.772 ; τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον γλυκὺ πικρῷ μεμειγμένον Pl.Phlb.46c ; ἔχει τι τὸ π. τῆς γεωργίας γλυκύ Men.795 : c. inf., μὴ λίαν πικρὸν εἰπεῖν ᾖ D.1.26.    2 so of persons, prob. in Sapph.Supp.4.1 (Comp.) ; γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις ἐχθροῖσι δὲ π. Sol.13.5, cf. Thgn.301, A.Ch.234, Eu.152 (lyr.), etc. ; ἔς τινας Hdt.1.123 : abs., A.Pr.739, Th940(lyr.); π. θεοῖς hateful to them, S.Ph.254; π. πολίταις E.Med.224, cf. Supp.1222 ; ἐμοὶ π. τέθνηκεν ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς his death is matter of sorrow to me, S.Aj.966 ; δαίμων π., of untimely death (Lat. acerbus), IG3.1338.    3 embittered, angry, πικρὰ ὄρνις S.Ant.423.    4 relentless, οὐδὲν πικρότερον τῆς ἀνάγκης Antipho 2.2.4 ; spiteful, mean, vindictive, βάσκανον καὶ πικρὸν καὶ κακόηθες οὐδέν ἐστι πολίτευμα ἐμόν D.18.108; π. καὶ συκοφάντης Id.25.45, cf. Arist.Rh.1368b21, EN1126a19 : in Com. of old men, σκυθρός, π., φειδωλός Men.10, cf. 825, 843, Georg.Fr.3. Adv. -ρῶς pedantically, D.H.Lys.6; with rigid accuracy, Apollon.Cit.3, Plu.2.659f.    IV Adv. -ρῶς harshly, bitterly, vindictively, A.Pr.197, S.OC990 ; π. ἐξετάσαι D.2.27, 18.265 ; π. ἔχειν τισί, πρός τινας, Id.10.54, Ep.3.10 ; π. φέρειν τι E.Ion610, cf. Andr.190; ἔκλαυσε π. Ev.Matt.26.75 : Comp. -ότερον Men.Mon.659, etc.: Sup. -ότατα Plb.1.72.3. [ῑ in Hom. and Ep.; ῐ freq. in Trag., as A.Pers.473, Ag.970, S.Aj.500, E. Hec.772, and in Theoc.8.74 : ι therefore is not long by nature as in μικρός.]