κάμνω: Difference between revisions

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 {{etym
 |etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">toil, labour, build; get tired, die</b> (euphem.; almost only ep. <b class="b3">οἱ καμόντες</b>, Att. <b class="b3">οἱ κεκμηκότες</b>); <b class="b2">be in danger, be in need</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">καμεῖν</b>, fut. <b class="b3">καμοῦμαι</b> (Schwyzer 784), perf. <b class="b3">κέκμηκα</b>, Dor. (Theoc.) <b class="b3">κέκμακα</b>, ep. ptc. <b class="b3">κεκμηώς</b>.<br />Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">συγ-</b>. - As 2. member in compunds: <b class="b3">ἀ-κάματος</b> <b class="b2">without fatigue</b> (Il.). <b class="b3">ἀ-κάμα-ς</b>, <b class="b3">-α-ντ-ος</b> [[indefatigable]] (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 526); more usual <b class="b3">-κμη-τ-</b> (<b class="b3">-κμα-τ-</b>), <b class="b3">-κμη-το-</b> (<b class="b3">-κμα-το-</b>), e. g. <b class="b3">ἀ-κμή-ς</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆτ-ος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, <b class="b3">ἄ-κμη-τος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ-κμητος</b> <b class="b2">with much labour prepared</b>.<br />Derivatives: Verbal noun <b class="b3">κάματος</b> m. <b class="b2">labour, much demending labour, fatigue, pain</b> (Il.; on the meaning Radermacher RhM 87, 285f. [doubtful]). <b class="b3">καματώδης</b> [[tiring]] (Hes., Pi.), <b class="b3">καματηρός</b> [[tiring]], [[tired]] (Ion., h. Ven. 246; after <b class="b3">ἀνιηρός</b> etc.; Chantraine Formation 232, Zumbach Neuerungen 15); <b class="b3">καματηδόν</b> <b class="b2">with fatigue</b> (Man.); also the verbal forms <b class="b3">καματῶν κοπιῶν</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκαμάτευσε μετὰ κακοπαθείας εἰργάσατο</b> H. (: <b class="b3">καματάω</b>, <b class="b3">-τεύω</b>).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [557] <b class="b2">*ḱemh₂-</b> <b class="b2">exert oneself, get tired</b><br />Etymology: Beside the thematic nasal present <b class="b3">κάμνω</b> Sanskrit has an athematic <b class="b2">nā-</b>present (type <b class="b3">δάμ-να-μι</b>): midd. <b class="b2">śam-nī-te</b> <b class="b2">exert onself, labour</b> (Schwyzer 693). The disyll. root form is seen in the impv. <b class="b2">śamī-ṣva</b> and the agent noun in <b class="b2">śami-tár-</b> <b class="b2">who prepares</b>, which agree with Gr. <b class="b3">κάμα-τος</b>. Also the thematic aorist <b class="b3">ἔ-καμ-ον</b>, <b class="b3">ἔ-καμ-ε</b> has a parallel in Skt. <b class="b2">a-śam-a-t</b>, both with zero grade, <b class="b2">*ḱm̥h₂-e\/o-</b> (Schwyzer 747, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 391); the full grade can be seen in athematic Skt. aor. <b class="b2">á-śami-ṣ-ṭa</b> (RV), <b class="b2">*e-ḱemh₂-t</b>. The zero grade in Greek is <b class="b3">κμη-</b>, PGr. <b class="b3">κμα-</b> < <b class="b2">*ḱm̥h₂-</b> (<b class="b3">κέ-κμη-κα</b>, <b class="b3">ἄ-κμη-τος</b>.), which in Sanskrit gave <b class="b2">śān-tá-</b> (ptc.); s. Rix, Hist. Gramm 1976, 73. <b class="b3">κάματος</b> derives from <b class="b2">*ḱm̥h₂-etos</b>. - Certain traces of the root in other languages have not been found; perhaps in some Celtic nouns, like MIr. [[cuma]] [[trouble]], [[cumal]] <b class="b2">slave (fem.)</b>. Pok. 557. - Cf. <b class="b3">κομέω</b>, <b class="b3">κομίζω</b> (< <b class="b2">*ḱomh₂-</b>).
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+{{mdlsj
+|mdlsjtxt=[lengthd. from the Root !καμ]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> [[trans]]. to [[work]] of [[smith]]'s [[work]], [[σκῆπτρον]], τὸ μὲν [[Ἥφαιστος]] [[κάμε]] [[which]] he [[wrought]], Il.; κ. [[νῆας]] Od.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> Mid. to win by [[toil]], τὰς (sc. γυναῖκας) αὐτοὶ καμόμεσθα Il.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to [[work]] or [[till]] by [[labour]], Od.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> intr. to [[work]], [[labour]], Thuc.:—then, to be [[weary]], ἀνδρὶ δὲ κεκμηῶτι [[μένος]] [[οἶνος]] ἀέξει Il.; [[οὐδέ]] τι γυῖα κάμνει nor is he [[weary]] in [[limb]], Il.; περὶ δ' ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα [[καμεῖται]] he [[will]] [[have]] his [[hand]] [[weary]] in [[grasping]] the [[spear]], Il.:—c. [[part]]., κάμνει πολεμίζων, ἐλαύνων is [[weary]] of [[fighting]], [[rowing]], Il.; οὐκ [[ἔκαμον]] τανύων I [[found]] no [[trouble]] in stringing the bow, i. e. did it without [[trouble]], Od.; [[οὔτοι]] [[καμοῦμαι]] λέγουσα I shall [[never]] be [[tired]] of [[saying]], Aesch., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to be [[sick]] or ill, [[suffer]] under [[illness]], οἱ κάμνοντες the [[sick]], Hdt., etc.; so, κάμνειν νόσον Eur.; κ. τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς Hdt.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[generally]], to [[suffer]], be distressed or [[afflicted]], στρατοῦ καμόντος Aesch.; οὐ καμεῖ [[will]] not [[have]] to [[complain]], Soph.; οὐκ [[ἴσον]] καμὼν ἐμοὶ λύπης not having borne an [[equal]] [[share]] of [[grief]] with me, Soph.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> οἱ καμόντες (aor. [[part]].) those who [[have]] done [[their]] [[work]], Lat. defuncti, i. e. the [[dead]], Hom.; so, κεκμηκότες Eur., Thuc.
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