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 {{etym
 |etymtx=Grammatical information: neg. pcle<br />Meaning: [[not]]<br />Other forms: antevoc. <b class="b3">οὑκ</b>, <b class="b3">οὑχ</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">οὑκί</b> (ep.), <b class="b3">οὑχί</b> (trag., also Hom. a. Att. prose).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[ouqe]] <b class="b2">and not</b><br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [17] <b class="b2">*h₂eiu-</b> <b class="b2">lifetime, long period</b><br />Etymology: Uncertain. Pre-Gr. origin is considered by Wackernagel Syntax 2, 257 and Kretschmer Glotta 14, 230. Several IE etymologies have been attempted: Skt. <b class="b2">úd</b>, Goth. [[ūt]] [[from]]; lat. <b class="b2">au-</b> and [[haud]]; Arm. [[oč]][[not]]. Cowgill Lang. 36, 347 ff. connected the element with <b class="b3">αἰών</b> a. cogn., assuming a basis in <b class="b2">ne h₂oi̯u kʷid</b>, where <b class="b2">*ne</b> was the sentence negative; it lost its meaning to the second element as happened in other languages. The syntagm would also explain Arm. [[oč]] and Alb. [[s]] (cf. Kortlandt, Armeniaca, index). S. the synopsis by Schwyzer-Debrunner 591 n. 5 (w. lit.). Not better Carnoy Ant. class. 24, 20 a. Rev. belge de phil. 33,492. -- Hom. <b class="b3">οὑ-κί</b> contains as <b class="b3">οὔ-τι</b> the IE indef. <b class="b2">*kʷi-d</b> (s. <b class="b3">τίς</b>; on the phonetics Schwyzer 299); from this through elision <b class="b3">οὑκ</b>, with aspiration <b class="b3">οὑχ</b>, if not elided from <b class="b3">οὑ-χι</b>, like <b class="b3">ναί-χι</b>, <b class="b3">ἧ-χι</b> a.o. = Skt. <b class="b2">hí</b> (in <b class="b2">na-hí</b> <b class="b2">because not</b> a.o.), Av. [[zi]], IE <b class="b2">*ǵhi</b> stressing pcle. (WP. 1, 542, Pok. 417f.). -- From <b class="b3">οὑδε εἷς</b> arose <b class="b3">οὑδείς</b>, young Att., koine <b class="b3">οὑθείς</b> [[nobody]] (on the phonetics Schwyzer 408); in the same way <b class="b3">οὑδ-αμοῦ</b>, <b class="b3">-αμοῖ</b>, <b class="b3">-αμῶς</b>, <b class="b3">-αμός</b>, <b class="b3">-άμινος</b> to <b class="b3">*ἁμός</b> (s.v.), <b class="b3">ἅμα</b>. -- On the use of <b class="b3">οὑ</b> etc. except Schwyzer-Debrunner 592 f. w. lit. also A. C. Moorhouse Studies in the Greek Negatives, Cardiff 1959 (rev. by Risch IF 66, 312ff., Humbert BSL 56, 82ff., Whatmough ClassPhil. 56, 65). Older lit. also in Bq.
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+{{mdlsj
+|mdlsjtxt=[cf. μη]<br />used in [[direct]] [[negation]] not, Lat. non.<br />A. USAGE:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> adhering to [[single]] words so as to [[form]] a [[quasi]]-compd. with them, οὐ [[δίδωμι]] to [[withhold]], οὐκ ἐῶ to [[refuse]], οὐκ [[ἐθέλω]] [[nolo]], οὔ φημι [[nego]].<br /><b class="num">II.</b> as negativing the [[whole]] [[sentence]], τὴν δ' ἐγὼ οὐ λύσω Il., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> in [[dependent]] clauses οὐ is used,<br />a. with ὅτι or ὡς, [[after]] Verbs of [[saying]] or [[knowing]], ἔλεξε ὡς Ἕλληνες οὐ μενοῖεν Aesch.<br />b. in Causal sentences, and in Temporal sentences that [[involve]] [[special]] times, ἄχθεται ὅτι οὐ [[κάρτα]] θεραπεύεται Hdt.; οὐκ ἔσθ' ἐραστὴς [[ὅστις]] οὐκ ἀεὶ φιλεῖ Eur.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> in a conditional [[clause]] μή is [[necessary]], [[except]],<br />a. [[when]] οὐ is [[closely]] [[attached]] to the Verb (v. supr. I), εἴ [[φθονέω]] τε καὶ οὐκ εἰῶ διαπέρσαι Il.<br />b. [[when]] the subjoined [[clause]] is [[hypothetical]] in [[form]] only, μὴ θαυμάσῃς, εἰ πολλὰ οὐ πρέπει σοι ([[where]] εἰ = ὅ τἰ Isocr.; δεινὸν γὰρ ἂν εἴη [[πρῆγμα]], εἰ Ἕλληνας οὐ τιμωρησόμεθα Hdt.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> οὐ is used with Inf. in [[oratio]] obl., [[when]] it represents the Ind. of [[oratio]] [[recta]], λέγοντες οὐκ [[εἶναι]] αὐτόνομοι Thuc.; [[οἶμαι]] οὐκ [[ὀλίγον]] [[ἔργον]] αὐτὸ [[εἶναι]] Plat.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> οὐ is used with the Participle, [[when]] it can be resolved [[into]] a [[finite]] [[sentence]] with οὐ; κατενόησαν οὐ πολλοὺς τοὺς Θηβαίους ὄντας = [[ὅ τι]] οὐ πολλοί εἰσι, Thuc.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> Adjectives and [[abstract]] Substantives with the Article [[commonly]] [[take]] μή (v. μή B. 6), but οὐ is [[occasionally]] used, τῶν γεφυρῶν οὐ διάλυσιν the nondissolution of the [[bridge]], the [[fact]] of its not [[being]] [[broken]] up, Thuc.; so, ἡ οὐ [[περιτείχισις]] Thuc.<br />B. ACCUMULATION: the [[negative]] is often [[repeated]], so that two negatives do not make an [[affirmative]], [[attic]], οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲν κρεῖσσον φίλου Eur.; καθεύδων οὐδεὶς οὐδενὸς [[ἄξιος]] οὐδὲν [[μᾶλλον]] τοῦ μὴ ζῶντος Plat.; οὐδενὶ [[οὐδαμῆ]] [[οὐδαμῶς]] οὐδεμίαν κοινωνίαν [[ἔχει]] Plat.<br />C. PLEONASM OF οὐ: [[after]] Verbs of denying, doubting, and disputing, followed by ὡς or ὅτι, οὐ is inserted, [[where]] in Engl. the negat. is not required, ἀμφισβητεῖ ὡς οὐ δεῖ [[δίκην]] διδόναι Plat. Like [[this]] is the [[appearance]] of οὐ in the [[second]] [[member]] of a [[negative]] [[comparative]] [[sentence]], ἥκει ὁ [[Πέρσης]] [[οὐδέν]] τι [[μᾶλλον]] ἐπ' [[ἡμέας]] ἢ οὐ καὶ ἐπ' [[ὑμέας]] Hdt.<br />D. in Poetry, if ἤ stands [[before]] οὐ, the two sounds [[coalesce]] [[into]] one [[syllable]], as in ἢ οὐ, μὴ οὐ.<br />E. οὐ in [[connection]] with [[other]] Particles [[will]] be [[found]] in alphabetical [[order]], οὐ γάρ, οὐ μή, etc.
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