οὐδέ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=neg. Particle, related to <b class="b3">μηδέ</b> as <b class="b3">οὐ</b> to <b class="b3">μή</b>, partly Conj., partly Adv.: <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> CONJUNCTION, <b class="b2">but not</b>, mostly answering to <b class="b3">μέν</b> (sts. written divisim), <span class="bibl">Il.5.138</span>, <span class="bibl">24.418</span>; without <b class="b3">μέν</b>, <span class="bibl">5.21</span>, etc.: sts. the first <b class="b3">οὐδέ</b>, <b class="b2">but not</b>, is folld. by <b class="b3">οὐδέ</b>, <b class="b2">nor</b>, ἄλλοις μὲν πᾶσιν ἑήνδανεν, οὐδέ ποθ' Ἥρῃ, οὐδὲ Ποσειδάων', οὐδὲ γλαυκώπιδι κούρῃ <span class="bibl">24.25</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> more freq. <b class="b2">and not, nor</b>: sts. without a neg. preceding, Κίρκη δ' ὡς ἐνόησεν ἔμ' ἥμενον, οὐδ' ἐπὶ σίτῳ χεῖρας ἰάλλοντα <span class="bibl">Od.10.375</span>; τραχὺς μόναρχος οὐδ' ὑπεύθυνος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>326</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">102</span>,<span class="bibl">259</span>,al.; δεινὸν γάρ, οὐδὲ ῥητόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>756</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">996</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>398</span>, <span class="bibl">868</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.97</span>, etc.: after a neg. compd., ὃν ἠτίμησ' Ἀγαμέμνων, οὐδ' ἀπέλυσε θύγατρα <span class="bibl">Il.1.95</span>; ἀνήμεροι γὰρ οὐδὲ πρόσπλατοι ξένοις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>716</span>; ἄστιπτος οὐδ' οἰκουμένη <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>2</span>; ἄθικτος οὐδ' οἰκητός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>39</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> with a neg. preceding, <b class="b2">nor</b>, βρώμης δ' οὐχ ἅπτεαι οὐ. ποτῆτος <span class="bibl">Od.10.379</span>; οὐκέτισοὶ . . μένος ἔμπεδον οὐ. τις ἀλκή <span class="bibl">22.226</span>; οὐκ ἔχων βάσιν οὐ. τιν' ἐγχώρων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>692</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">681</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">905</span>,<span class="bibl">955</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>20.2</span>, etc.: sts. the preceding neg. is itself <b class="b3">οὐδέ</b>, = <b class="b2">and not</b>, as in <span class="bibl">Od.22.222</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδέ</b>, = <b class="b2">nor</b> may be repeated any number of times, e.g. three times in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1378</span>.—Sts. the neg. follows the whole word-group instead of preceding it, <b class="b3">σιδήρῳ δὲ οὐδ' ἀργύρῳ χρέωνται οὐδέν</b> but iron <b class="b2">or</b> silver use they not at all, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.215</span>; Θεσσαλοῦ μὲν οὐδ' Ἱππάρχου οὐδεὶς παῖς <span class="bibl">Th.6.55</span>; ἁπλοῦν μὲν οὐ. δίκαιον οὐδὲν ἂν εἰπεῖν ἔχοι <span class="bibl">D.22.4</span>: but <b class="b3">οὐδὲ . . οὐδέ</b> never means <b class="b2">neither . . nor</b> (like <b class="b3">οὔτε . . οὔτε</b>); where this combination occurs, the first <b class="b3">οὐδέ</b> is used without reference to the second, e.g. <b class="b3">καὶ μὴν οὐδ' ἡ ἐπιτείχισις οὐδὲ τὸ ναυτικὸν ἄξιον φοβηθῆναι</b> and moreover we have <b class="b2">no</b> reason to fear their fortifications, <b class="b2">nor yet</b> their navy, <span class="bibl">Th.1.142</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">οὐδέ</b> may also follow <b class="b3">οὔτε</b>, by an anacoluth., as in <b class="b3">τε... δέ</b> . . (v. οὔτε <span class="bibl">11.3</span>); but <b class="b3">οὔτε</b> cannot follow <b class="b3">οὐδέ</b>.—Cf. μηδέ A. 2. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> ADVERB, <b class="b2">not even</b>, in Hom. mostly with Advbs., <b class="b3">οὐδ' ῃβαιόν</b> <b class="b2">not even</b> a little, <b class="b2">no not</b> a bit, <b class="b2">not at all</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.386</span>; οὐ. τυτθόν <span class="bibl">1.354</span>; οὐ. μίνυνθα <span class="bibl">20.27</span>; so also <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ οὔ οἱ ἔνι φρένες οὐδ' ἠβαιαί</b> he has <b class="b2">no</b> sense, <b class="b2">no not even</b> a little, <span class="bibl">14.141</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.21.288</span>; τότε μὲν εὖ ζῶντες, νῦν δὲ οὐ. ζῶντες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>329a</span>: freq. in Att., <b class="b3">τούτῳ μὲν οὐ. διελέγετο</b> he did <b class="b2">not even</b> exchange words with him, <span class="bibl">Lys.3.31</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>425</span>; οὐδ', εἰ γέγονεν, οἶδα <span class="bibl">D.18.70</span>, etc.: in the same sense, οὐ. γ' <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 97a</span>, <span class="bibl">97b</span>, <span class="bibl">106b</span>; οὐ. γ' αὖ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>499a</span>; οὐ. μήν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.50</span>, etc.; Ep. οὐ. μέν <span class="bibl">Il.9.374</span>, etc.: in Att. freq. with <b class="b3">εἷς</b> (whence <b class="b3">οὐδείς</b>), οὐδ' ἂν εἷς θύσειεν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>137</span>: sts. without elision, <b class="b3">οὐδὲ εἷς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1182</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.1.45</span>; οὐκ ἄλλ' οὐ. ἕν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>138</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>927</span>; also οὐ. καθ' ἕν <span class="bibl">Th.2.87</span>; οὐ. παρ' ἑνός <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.3.10</span>, etc.—This <b class="b3">οὐδέ</b> freq. follows <b class="b3">καί</b>, <b class="b2">and not even</b>, <b class="b3">καὶ οὐδ' αὐτοὶ αὖ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Th.7.56</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.2.4</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐδέ</b>, most freq. in phrase <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐδ' ὧς</b> . . <span class="bibl">Il.7.263</span>,<span class="bibl">9.351</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">also not, not . . either, nor yet</b>... <b class="b3">ὁ δίκαιος τοῦ δικαίου δοκεῖ τί σοι ἂν ἐθέλειν πλέον ἔχειν</b><b class="b2">;</b> Answ. <b class="b3">οὐδαμῶς</b> . . ; Qu. <b class="b3">τί δέ; τῆς δικαίας πράξεως</b><b class="b2">;</b> Answ. οὐ. τῆς δικαίας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>349b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ap.</span>19d</span>,<span class="bibl">21d</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">C</span> Repetition of <b class="b3">οὐδέ</b> and combination with <b class="b3">οὐ</b>: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> in Relat. as well as antec. clause, ὥσπερ οὐδ' ηὔχετο, οὐδ' ᾤετο Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>2.141a, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ οὐδέ</b>, as ἀλλ' οὐ γὰρ οὐ. νουθετεῖν ἔξεστί σε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>595</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>1242</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>287</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐ. γὰρ οὐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.5.22</span>, <span class="bibl">6.130</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.32</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.16</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐ. μὲν οὐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.2.703</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐ μὰν οὐ</b>. <span class="bibl">23.441</span>, etc.; cf. [[οὐ]] c.</span>

|mdlsjtxt=<br />οὐ δέ, Negat. Particle, [[related]] to [[μηδέ]] as οὐ to μή;<br /><b class="num">I.</b> as Conjunct., but not, [[answering]] to μέν, ἄλλοις μὲν πᾶσιν ἐήνδανεν, [[οὐδέ]] ποθ' Ἥρῃ, οὐδὲ [[Ποσειδάων]]', οὐδὲ γλαυκώπιδι κούρῃ Il.:— and not, nor, Lat. [[neque]], nec, τραχὺς [[μόναρχος]] οὐδ' [[ὑπεύθυνος]] Aesch.; [[ἄθικτος]] οὐδ' [[οἰκητός]] Soph.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> with a [[simple]] negat. [[preceding]], nor, [[οὐκέτι]] σοὶ [[μένος]] ἔμπεδον [[οὐδέ]] τις [[ἀλκή]] Od.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[when]] [[οὐδέ]] is [[repeated]] at the [[beginning]] of two [[following]] clauses, the [[first]] [[οὐδέ]] is often adverbial (infr. III), not [[even]] . . , nor yet . . , marking a stronger [[opposition]] [[than]] [[οὔτε]] . . , [[οὔτε]], [[neither]] . . , nor . . , Od., [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">III.</b> as adv. not [[even]], Lat. ne . . [[quidem]], οὐδ' ἠβαιόν not [[even]] a [[little]], not at all, οὐδὲ τυτθόν, οὐδὲ [[μίνυνθα]] Il., [[attic]]:—[[before]] ἕν (one) it is not elided, οὐδὲ ἕν Ar.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[οὐδέ]] is often [[repeated]] with [[other]] negatives: ἀλλ' οὐ γὰρ οὐδὲ νουθετεῖν ἔξεστί σε Soph.; so, οὐδὲ γὰρ [[οὐδέ]] Il., etc.