τε: Difference between revisions

|Definition=enclitic Particle, with two main uses (v. infr. A, B). <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> as a Conjunction, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b3">τε . . τε</b>, <b class="b2">both . . and</b>, joining single words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, the first τε merely pointing forward to the second, ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε <span class="bibl">Il.1.544</span>; ἀγαθῶν τε κακῶν τε <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>669</span>; δίψῃ τε λιμῷ τε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>491</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>34</span>,<span class="bibl">35</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span> 370</span>,<span class="bibl">375</span>; τήν τε νῆσον τήν τε ἤπειρον <span class="bibl">Th.4.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.3.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>373b</span>; λυσόμενός τε θύγατρα, φέρων τ' ἀπερείσι' ἄποινα <span class="bibl">Il.1.13</span>; <b class="b3">παῖδά τε σοὶ ἀγέμεν Φοίβῳ θ' ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">443</span>; the elements joined by <b class="b3">τε . . τε</b> are usu. short in Hom., longer in later Gr., e.g. ἐπειδὴ πρόξενοί τέ εἰσιν Ἀθηναίων καὶ εὐεργέται... ἔν τε τῇ στήλῃ γέγραπται <span class="title">IG</span>12.103.7; ἥ τε γὰρ γῆ . . εὔυδρός ἐστι, ποταμοί τε δι' αὐτῆς ῥέουσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.47</span>; <b class="b3">χρὴ . . τούς τε πρεσβυτέρους ὁμοιωθῆναι τοῖς πρὶν ἔργοις, τούς τε νεωτέρους . . μὴ αἰσχῦναι κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl">Th.4.92</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>474c</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Is.1.50</span>; <b class="b3">τά τε γὰρ ληφθέντα πάντ' ἂν σῴζοιτο οἵ τ' ἀδικήσαντες κατ' ἀξίαν λάβοιεν τὰ ἐπιτίμια</b> Aen. Tact.<span class="bibl">16.8</span>, cf. <span class="title">Gp.</span>2.49.1, 12.3.2-3; τούτου γὰρ γενομένου . . τά τε ἐχφόρια Χρυσέρμῳ δυνήσομαι ἀποδοῦναι, ἐγώ τε ἔσομαι παρὰ σοῦ φιλανθρωπίας τετευχώς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEnteux.</span>60.11</span> (iii B.C.); κλείειν τε τὰ βλέφαρα δεομένων ἐλπιζόντων τε κοιμηθήσεσθαι Gal.16.494, cf. 495,501; this use is common at all times in <b class="b3">οὔτε . . οὔτε, μήτε . . μήτε, εἴτε . . εἴτε</b> (qq.v.); τε may be used three or more times, ἔν τ' ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί, ἔπος τ' ἔφατ' ἔκ τ' ὀνόμαζεν <span class="bibl">Od.15.530</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.1.177</span>, <span class="bibl">2.58</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>89s</span>q., <span class="bibl">B.17.19s</span>q., <span class="bibl">Lys. 19.17</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.36</span>:—<b class="b3">ἑνδεκάτη τε δυωδεκάτη τε</b> prob. means [[the eleventh or twelfth]], <span class="bibl">Od.2.374</span>, <span class="bibl">4.588</span>:—sts. <b class="b3">τε . . τε</b> couples alternatives, ἀπόρως εἶχε δοῦναί τε μὴ δοῦναί τε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>56</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Heracl.</span>153</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>391</span>; hence we find <b class="b3">τε . . ἢ . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>143c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ion</span> 535d</span>; on [[ἢ]] (or [[ἦ]]) <b class="b3"> . . τε</b> in <span class="bibl">Il.2.289</span> and <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>524</span> (lyr.) v. [[ἦ]] <span class="bibl">1.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> the first clause may be negative, the second affirmative, as ἐκκλησίαν τε οὐκ ἐποίει... τήν τε πόλιν ἐφύλασσε <span class="bibl">Th.2.22</span>; but <b class="b3">οὔτε . . τε</b> is more freq., as οὔτε ποσίν εἰμι ταχύς... γιγνώσκω τε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.3.6</span> (v. οὔτε <span class="bibl">11.4</span>); we also find <b class="b3">οὐ . . τε . .</b>, as οὐχ ἡσύχαζον... παρεκάλουν τε τοὺς ξυμμάχους <span class="bibl">Th.1.67</span>; and <b class="b3">μὴ . . τε . .</b>, as <b class="b3">ἵνα μή τι διαφύγῃ ἡμᾶς, εἴ τέ τι βούλει κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>95e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> τε ([[both]]) sts. corresponds to a following [[δέ]] ([[and]]), or τε ([[and]]) to a preceding [[μέν]], e.g. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> <b class="b3">τε . . δὲ . .</b>, as κόμισαί τέ με, δὸς δέ μοι ἵππους <span class="bibl">Il.5.359</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.418</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>367</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>285</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1625</span>; ἐσθὰς ἀμφότερόν νιν ἔχεν, ἅ τε . . ἐπιχώριος... ἀμφὶ δὲ παρδαλέᾳ στέγετο <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.80</span>; διήκουέ τε... ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ἐπῄνεσε <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.4.3</span>; so with <b class="b3">ἅμα δὲ καὶ... ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>186e</span>:—so <b class="b3">τε... ἀτὰρ οὖν καὶ . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span> 295e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> μὲν . . τε... ἄνδρα μὲν... τρεῖς τε κασιγνήτους <span class="bibl">Il.19.291</span>-<span class="bibl">3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.22.475</span>-<span class="bibl">6</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.88</span>, <span class="bibl">7.88</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>924</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>585</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>963</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>337</span> codd., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span>41</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>563</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 266c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>927b</span>: v. [[μέν]] A. 11.6c. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> a single τε ([[and]]) joins a word, phrase, or (esp. later) clause or sentence to what precedes, τελευτὴν κεφαλήν τε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>69a</span>; <b class="b3">θνητὰ ἀθάνατά τε</b> ib.c; Ζεῦ ἄλλοι τε θεοί <span class="bibl">Il.6.476</span>; κύνεσσιν οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι <span class="bibl">1.5</span>; <b class="b3">ῥίγησέν τ' ἂρ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων</b> v.l. for [[δ' ἂρ]] in <span class="bibl">11.254</span>; <b class="b3">ἕν τε οὐδὲν κατέστη ἴαμα... σῶμά τε αὔταρκες ὂν οὐδὲν διεφάνη . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.51</span>; <b class="b3">τά τε ἱερὰ . . νεκρῶν πλέα ἦν . .</b>ib.<span class="bibl">52</span>; <b class="b3">νόμοι τε πάντες ξυνεταράχθησαν</b> ibid.; δάκνει σ' ἀδελφὸς ὅ τε θανὼν ἴσως πατήρ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>242</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">253</span>,<span class="bibl">262</span>, al.; εἴς τε τὰς ἄλλας . . ἀθροίζεσθαι <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.3.5</span>; <b class="b3">τῶν τε ἀρχόντων . .</b>ib.<span class="bibl">6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.8</span>, al.; ὅ τε γραφεὶς κύκλος . . <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Spir.</span>11</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>7; πρός τε τούτοις φησὶν . . <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEnteux.</span>63.18</span> (iii B.C.); χωρίς τε τούτων <span class="bibl">Plb.2.56.13</span>, <span class="bibl">61.1</span>, <span class="bibl">3.17.7</span>; ταῦτά τ' ἐγίνετο . . <span class="bibl">Id.2.43.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.70.4</span>; ἀπαιτούμενός τε ὑπ' ἐμοῦ τὰ ἔρια οὐκ ἀποδίδωσί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEnteux.</span>2.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.4</span>, al. (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">γράψαι Ἀγαθοκλεῖ τῷ ἐπιστάτῃ διασαφῆσαί τε αὐτῷ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">81.21</span> (iii B.C.); καθόλου τε . . <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.19.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.2.17</span>; ἀταράχους τήν τε δύναμιν ἀκαθαιρέτους <span class="bibl">Sor.1.21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24</span>, al.; ὄξει βαφικῷ στυπτηρίᾳ τε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHolm.</span> 1.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Gem.16.6</span>; χρὴ . . λαχάνων ἅπτεσθαι, κοιλίαν τε λύειν <span class="title">Gp.</span>1.12.19, cf. 2.2.2, al.; this τε may be used any number of times, <span class="bibl">Od.4.149</span>-<span class="bibl">150</span>, <span class="bibl">14.75</span>,<span class="bibl">158</span>-<span class="bibl">9</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Pk.</span>15</span>,<span class="bibl">16</span>,<span class="bibl">20</span>, <span class="bibl">Hipparch.1.9.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>2.43</span>,<span class="bibl">46</span>, <span class="bibl">4.13</span>, <span class="bibl">14</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">τε . . καὶ . .</b>, or <b class="b3">τε καὶ . .</b>, <b class="b2">both . .</b>and... where τε points forward to [[καί]], and usu. need not be translated, e.g. Ἀτρείδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς <span class="bibl">Il.1.7</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δὴ ὁμοῦ πόλεμός τε δαμᾷ καὶ λοιμὸς Ἀχαιούς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">61</span>; <b class="b3">δειλός τε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς καλεοίμην</b> ib. <span class="bibl">293</span>; ζωόν τε καὶ ἀρτεμέα <span class="bibl">7.308</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">327</span>,<span class="bibl">338</span>, al.; τῆς τε γῆς ἐούσης ἐπιτηδέης καὶ τῶν ποταμῶν ἐόντων σφι συμμάχων <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.47</span>; βούλεταί τε καὶ ἐπίσταται <span class="bibl">Th.2.35</span>; ὁ φύς τε καὶ τραφείς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>396c</span>; βάσιν τε γὰρ πάλιν τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχουσι τὴν ΖΒ καὶ . . <span class="bibl">Euc.1.47</span>; sts. the elements joined by <b class="b3">τε . . καὶ . .</b>are joined in order to be compared or contrasted rather than simply joined, κάκιστος νῦν τε καὶ πάλαι δοκεῖ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 181</span>; μεσαμβρίη τέ ἐστι καὶ τὸ κάρτα γίνεται ψυχρόν <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.181</span>; ἔτυχόν τε ὕσταται ἐξαναχθεῖσαι καί κως κατεῖδον <span class="bibl">Id.7.194</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπαύσατό τε ὁ ἄνεμος καὶ τὸ κῦμα ἔστρωτο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">193</span>; ταὐτὰ . . νῦν τε καὶ τότε <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span> 24</span>; χωρὶς τό τ' εἰπεῖν πολλὰ καὶ τὰ καίρια <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>808</span>; ὅσον τό τ' ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>927</span>; sts. (like <b class="b3">τε . . τε</b>) even used of alternatives, διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν, ἵππους τε στρέψαι καὶ ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαι <span class="bibl">Il.8.168</span>; ἐν δίκᾳ τε καὶ παρὰ δίκαν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.16</span>; θεοῦ τε . . θέλοντος καὶ μὴ θέλοντος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>427</span>; πείσας τε . . καὶ μὴ τυχών <span class="bibl">Th.3.42</span>:—on <b class="b3">οἵ τε ἄλλοι καὶ . .</b>, e.g. τοῖς τε ἄλλοις ἅπασι καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.249</span>, and <b class="b3">ἄλλως τε καὶ . .</b>, v. [[ἄλλος]] <span class="bibl">11.6</span>, ἄλλως <span class="bibl">1.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in this sense <b class="b3">τ' ἠδέ</b> is only Ep., σκῆπτρόν τ' ἠδὲ θέμιστας <span class="bibl">Il.9.99</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.400</span>, al.; also τε... ἰδέ, χαλκόν τε ἰδὲ λόφον <span class="bibl">6.469</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.162</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">καὶ . . τε</b>, <b class="b2">both . . and . .</b>, is occasionally found, as <b class="b3">καὶ μητέρα πατέρα τ</b>' <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>646</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">καὶ . . τε</b> perh. means <b class="b2">and . . also</b> in καὶ ναυτικῷ τε ἅμα <span class="bibl">Th.1.9</span>; καὶ πρός τε τοὺς Ῥηγίνους <span class="bibl">Id.6.44</span>; καὶ αὐτός τε <span class="bibl">Id.8.68</span>; v. infr. c. <span class="bibl">10</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">τε . . τε</b> or <b class="b3">τε . . καὶ . .</b>sts. join elements which are not syntactically parallel, esp. a part. and a finite verb, <b class="b3">ἰοῖσίν τε τιτυσκόμενοι λάεσσί τ' ἔβαλλον</b> (for [[βάλλοντες]]) <span class="bibl">Il.3.80</span>; ἄλλα τε ἐπιφραζόμενος καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐπεπόμφεε <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.85</span>; ἀλλῳ τε τρόπῳ πειράζοντες καὶ μηχανὴν προσήγαγον <span class="bibl">Th.4.100</span>; τῆς τε ὥρας . . ταύτης οὔσης... καὶ τὸ χωρίον . . χαλεπὸν ἦν <span class="bibl">Id.7.47</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.85</span>, <span class="bibl">8.81</span>, <span class="bibl">95</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> the copulative τε becomes rare in later Gr.; it is found about <span class="bibl">340</span> times in LXX, mostly in the Pentateuch and 1-<span class="title">4 Ma.</span>, only 3 times in <span class="title">Ps.</span>; in the <span class="title">NT</span> it is found about 150 times in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>, 20</span> times in <span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>, and very rarely in the other books. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> In Ep. (more rarely in other dactylic verse, v. infr. ''ΙΙ'') τε stands in general or frequentative statements or in statements of what is well known; such statements are freq. made as justifications of a preceding particular statement or of a preceding exhortation to a particular person or persons; the sense of τε thus approaches that of τοι (cf. τοι and τε in <span class="bibl">Od.2.276</span>-<span class="bibl">7</span>, and cf. <span class="bibl">Il.13.115</span> with <span class="bibl">15.203</span>); although associated with numerous particles and other words of particular types (v. infr.) its meaning remains independent of these and applies to the whole sentence in which it stands: αἶψά τε φυλόπιδος πέλεται κόρος ἀνθρώποισιν <span class="bibl">Il.19.221</span>; οὐ γάρ τ' αἶψα θεῶν τρέπεται νόος αἰὲν ἐόντων <span class="bibl">Od.3.147</span>; θεοὶ δέ τε πάντα ἴσασιν <span class="bibl">4.379</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.79</span>,<span class="bibl">447</span>, <span class="bibl">10.306</span>, <span class="bibl">17.485</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.497</span>, <span class="bibl">16.688</span>, <span class="bibl">17.176</span>, <span class="bibl">21.264</span>; ξυνὸς Ἐνυάλιος καί τε κτανέοντα κατέκτα <span class="bibl">18.309</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.11.537</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.24.526</span>; ἤ τ' ἔβλητ' ἤ τ' ἔβαλ' ἄλλον <span class="bibl">11.410</span>; οὐ μὲν γάρ τε κακὸν βασιλευέμεν <span class="bibl">Od.1.392</span>; οἳ φύλλοισιν ἐοικότες ἄλλοτε μέν τε ζαφλεγέες τελέθουσιν . . ἄλλοτε δὲ . . <span class="bibl">Il.21.464</span>; ἄλλος γάρ τ' ἄλλοισιν ἀνὴρ ἐπιτέρπεται ἔργοις <span class="bibl">Od.14.228</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.169</span>,<span class="bibl">170</span>, <span class="bibl">15.400</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ γάρ τε ξεῖνος μιμνήσκεται ἤματα πάντα, ἀνδρὸς ξεινοδόκου, ὅς κεν φιλότητα παράσχῃ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">54</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.322</span>; ῥεχθὲν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω <span class="bibl">Il.17.32</span>; παθὼν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>218</span>; αἰεὶ γάρ τε νεώτεροι ἀφραδέουσιν <span class="bibl">Od. 7.294</span>; <b class="b3">δύσζηλοι γάρ τ' εἰμὲν ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ' ἀνθρώπων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">307</span>; τοῦ δέ τε πολλοὶ ἐπαυρίσκοντ' ἄνθρωποι, καί τε πολέας ἐσάωσε <span class="bibl">Il.13.733</span>-<span class="bibl">4</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ μὲν γάρ τε κακοῦ τρέπεται χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ, ἐν δέ τέ οἱ κραδίη στέρνοισι πατάσσει... πάταγος δέ τε γίγνετ' ὀδόντων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">279</span>-<span class="bibl">83</span>; ὀλίγη δέ τ' ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο <span class="bibl">18.201</span>; νέῳ δέ τε πάντ' ἐπέοικεν . . κεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">22.71</span>; κατέλεξεν ἅπαντα κήδε' ὅσ' ἀνθρώποισι πέλει, τῶν ἄστυ ἁλώῃ· ἄνδρας μὲν κτείνουσι, πόλιν δέ τε πῦρ ἀμαθύνει, τέκνα δέ τ' ἄλλοι ἄγουσι, βαθυζώνους τε γυναῖκας <span class="bibl">9.592</span>-<span class="bibl">4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">22.492</span>,<span class="bibl">495</span>,<span class="bibl">499</span>; νεμεσσῶμαί γε μὲν οὐδέν· καὶ γάρ τίς τ' ἀλλοῖον ὀδύρεται ἄνδρ' ὀλέσασα . . ἢ Ὀδυσῆ' <span class="bibl">Od.19.265</span>; σχέτλιε, καὶ μέν τίς τε χερείονι πείθεθ' ἑταίρῳ... αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ θεός εἰμι <span class="bibl">20.45</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.118</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.292</span>, <span class="bibl">9.632</span>; <b class="b3">νῦν δὲ μνησώμεθα δόρπου· καὶ γάρ τ' ἠΰκομος Νιόβη ἐμνήσατο σίτου κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl">24.602</span> (where a general inference is implied); ὃν Βριάρεων καλέουσι θεοί, ἄνδρες δέ τε πάντες Αἰγαίων' <span class="bibl">1.403</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.814</span>, <span class="bibl">5.306</span>, <span class="bibl">10.258</span>, <span class="bibl">14.290</span>; sts. of repeated action by particular persons, ἄλλοτε μέν τε γόῳ φρένα τέρπομαι <span class="bibl">Od.4.102</span>; οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα Διὶ φίλον, ᾧ τε σύ, Κάλχαν, εὐχόμενος . . θεοπροπίας ἀναφαίνεις <span class="bibl">Il.1.86</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ δὲ . . μ' αἰεὶ . . νεικεῖ, καί τέ μέ φησι μάχῃ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγειν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">521</span>; μήτηρ γάρ τέ μέ φησι θεά, Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα, διχθαδίας κῆρας φερέμεν θανάτοιο τέλοσδε <span class="bibl">9.410</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> in exhortations addressed to an individual, a subsidiary sentence or relative clause in which he is reminded of his special or characteristic sphere of activity is marked by τε, e.g. Ἑρμεία, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε φίλτατόν ἐστιν ἀνδρὶ ἑταιρίσσαι καί τ' ἔκλυες ᾧ κ' ἐθέλῃσθα, βάσκ' ἴθι . . <span class="bibl">Il.24.334</span>; Ἀτρεΐδη, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν πείσονται μύθοισι... νῦν δ' ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς σκέδασον . . <span class="bibl">23.156</span>; δεῦρο δὴ ὄρσο, γρηῢ... ἥ τε γυναικῶν δμῳάων σκοπός ἐσσι... ἔρχεο <span class="bibl">Od. 22.395</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.17.249</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> similarly in general and frequentative statements consisting of two clauses (one of which may be a relative clause, freq. containing the subj. or opt.), in which the fulfilment of the condition stated in the subsidiary or subordinate clause is declared to be generally or always followed by the result stated in the principal clause, either or both clauses may contain τε: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> the principal clause alone contains τε, ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται, μάλα τ' ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ <span class="bibl">Il.1.218</span>; ὃς δ' ἂν ἀμύμων αὐτὸς ἔῃ καὶ ἀμύμονα εἰδῇ, τοῦ μέν τε κλέος εὐρὺ διὰ ξεῖνοι φορέουσι πάντας ἐπ' ἀνθρώπους, πολλοί τέ μιν ἐσθλὸν ἔειπον <span class="bibl">Od.19.333</span>; εἴ περ γὰρ θυμῷ γε μενοινάᾳ πολεμίζειν, ἀλλά τε λάθρῃ γυῖα βαρύνεται... βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατ' ἰόντι <span class="bibl">Il.19.165</span>-<span class="bibl">6</span>; ᾧ μέν κ' ἀμμείξας δώῃ Ζεὺς τερπικέραυνος, ἄλλοτε μέν τε κακῷ ὅ γε κύρεται ἄλλοτε δ' ἐσθλῷ <span class="bibl">24.530</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> the subordinate clause alone contains τε, λάζετο δ' ἔγχος . . τῷ δάμνησι στίχας ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων οἷσίν τε κοτέσσεται ὀβριμοπάτρη <span class="bibl">5.747</span>; ῥεῖα δ' ἀρίγνωτος γόνος ἀνέρος ᾧ τε Κρονίων ὄλβον ἐπικλώση <span class="bibl">Od.4.207</span>; ἀντί νυ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστιν ἀνὴρ ὅν τε Ζεὺς κῆρι φιλήσῃ <span class="bibl">Il.9.117</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.298</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.287</span>, <span class="bibl">7.74</span>, <span class="bibl">8.547</span>, <span class="bibl">18.276</span>; with opt., ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρώτιστος . . ἕλεσκον ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων ὅ τέ μοι εἴξειε πόδεσσι <span class="bibl">14.221</span>: it is prob. that τε has been replaced by κε in the text of Hom. in <span class="bibl">Il.1.218</span>, <span class="bibl">9.510</span> (cf. <span class="bibl">508</span>), and some other passages in which κε seems to be used, exceptionally, in general relative clauses. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> both clauses contain τε, ὃς μέν τ' αἰδέσεται κούρας Διὸς ἆσσον ἰούσας, τὸν δὲ μέγ' ὤνησαν καί τ' ἔκλυον εὐχομένοιο <span class="bibl">Il.9.508</span>-<span class="bibl">9</span>; εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον γε καὶ αὐτῆμαρ καταπέψῃ, ἀλλά τε καὶ μετόπισθεν ἔχει κότον <span class="bibl">1.82</span>-<span class="bibl">3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> in the subordinate clause of a collective sentence, in which the principal clause states something to be true of all those (i.e. each individual) to whom the predicate of the subordinate clause applies, ὑπόσχωμαι . . κτήματα . . πάντα μάλ' ὅσσα τ' Ἀλέξανδρος . . ἠγάγετο Τροίηνδ' . . δωσέμεν <span class="bibl">Il.22.115</span>; πάντων ὅσσα τε γαῖαν ἔπι πνείει τε καὶ ἕρπει <span class="bibl">17.447</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.18.131</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.19.105</span>; βάλλειν ἄγρια πάντα τά τε τρέφει οὔρεσιν ὕλη <span class="bibl">5.52</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.485</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> in relative clauses (and in parenthetic principal clauses) which indicate what is customary, <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ οὐχ ἱερήϊον οὐδὲ βοείην ἀρνύσθην, ἅ τε ποσσὶν ἀέθλια γίγνεται ἀνδρῶν</b> which are the [[usual]] prizes... <span class="bibl">Il.22.160</span>; ἔργ' ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε, τά τε κλείουσιν ἀοιδοί <span class="bibl">Od.1.338</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.435</span>, <span class="bibl">4.85</span>, <span class="bibl">13.410</span>, <span class="bibl">14.226</span>, <span class="bibl">17.423</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.332</span>; κύματος ἐξαναδύς, τά τ' ἐρεύγεται ἤπειρόνδε <span class="bibl">Od.5.438</span>; μολπή τ' ὀρχηστύς τε, τὰ γάρ τ' ἀναθήματα δαιτός <span class="bibl">1.152</span>: similarly in clauses with οἷά τε (πολλά), κῆτος ἐπισσεύῃ μέγα δαίμων ἐξ ἁλός, οἷά τε πολλὰ τρέφει . . Ἀμφιτρίτη <span class="bibl">5.422</span>; οὐ γάρ σ' οὐδέ . . δαήμονι φωτὶ ἐΐσκω ἄθλων, οἷά τε πολλὰ μετ' ἀνθρώποισι πέλονται <span class="bibl">8.160</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.364</span>, <span class="bibl">14.63</span>, <span class="bibl">15.324</span>,<span class="bibl">379</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> in relative clauses indicating what is true of all persons or things denoted by the same word, <b class="b3">οὐ γάρ τις νήσων ἱππήλατος οὐδ' εὐλείμων αἵ θ' ἁλὶ κεκλίαται</b> no one of the islands which lie in the sea (as all islands do, i.e. no island at all), <span class="bibl">Od.4.608</span>; ἡμίονον . . ἥ τ' ἀλγίστη δαμάσασθαι <span class="bibl">Il.23.655</span>; ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν γαμβρὸς ἢ πενθερός, οἵ τε μάλιστα κήδιστοι τελέθουσι <span class="bibl">Od.8.582</span>; αἰετοῦ οἴματ' ἔχων . . ὅς θ' ἅμα κάρτιστός τε καὶ ὤκιστος πετεηνῶν <span class="bibl">Il.21.252</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.294</span>; οὐδέ μιν εἰσοιχνεῦσι κυνηγέται, οἵ τε καθ' ὕλην ἄλγεα πάσχουσιν <span class="bibl">Od.9.120</span>; δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας πρὸς Διὸς εἰρύαται <span class="bibl">Il.1.238</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.5.67</span>, <span class="bibl">101</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.279</span>, <span class="bibl">19.31</span>, <span class="bibl">24.415</span>; οἶνός σε τρώει... ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλους βλάπτει <span class="bibl">Od.21.293</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.464</span>; πάρφασις, ἥ τ' ἔκλεψε νόον πύκα περ φρονεόντων <span class="bibl">Il.14.217</span>; οἰκωφελίη, ἥ τε τρέφει ἀγλαὰ τέκνα <span class="bibl">Od.14.223</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> when the antecedent is a definite group of gods or men, the relative clause with τε indicates an essential characteristic of the antecedent, Ἐρινύες, αἵ θ' ὑπὸ γαῖαν ἀνθρώπους τείνυνται <span class="bibl">Il.19.259</span>; Σειρῆνας... αἵ ῥά τε πάντας ἀνθρώπους θέλγουσιν <span class="bibl">Od.12.39</span>; Φαίηκές μ' ἄγαγον ναυσίκλυτοι, οἵ τε καὶ ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους πέμπουσιν <span class="bibl">16.227</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">20.187</span>; νυμφάων αἵ τ' ἄλσεα καλὰ νέμονται καὶ πηγὰς ποταμῶν <span class="bibl">Il.20.8</span>; Λωτοφάγων, οἵ τ' ἄνθινον εἶδαρ ἔδουσι <span class="bibl">Od.9.84</span>: similarly when the antecedent is an individual person (incl. god) or thing, the relative clause with τε indicates one of his or its general or essential characteristics or aspects, οὐ μὰ Ζῆν' ὅς τίς τε θεῶν ὕπατος καὶ ἄριστος <span class="bibl">Il.23.43</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.669</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.4</span>; Ἑρμείαο ἕκητι διακτόρου, ὅς ῥά τε πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἔργοισι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάζει <span class="bibl">15.319</span>; Λάμπον καὶ Φαέθονθ', οἵ τ' Ἠῶ πῶλοι ἄγουσι <span class="bibl">23.246</span>; Τειρεσίαο μάντιος ἀλαοῦ, τοῦ τε φρένες ἔμπεδοί εἰσι <span class="bibl">10.493</span>; τεύχεα δύνεις ἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος, τόν τε τρομέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι <span class="bibl">Il.17.203</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.112</span>; <b class="b3">κεῖται ἀνὴρ ὅν τ'</b> (v.l. [[ὃν]]) ἶσον ἐτίομεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ, Αἰνείας <span class="bibl">5.467</span>; the relative clause sts. indicates what is customary, οὐδέ σε λήθω τιμῆς ἧς τέ μ' ἔοικε τετιμῆσθαι μετ' Ἀχαιοῖς <span class="bibl">23.649</span>; ἔνθα δ' ἀνὴρ ἐνίαυε πελώριος, ὅς ῥά τε μῆλα οἶος ποιμαίνεσκε <span class="bibl">Od.9.187</span>; τῶν πάντων οὐ τόσσον ὀδύρομαι . . ὡς ἑνός, ὅς τέ μοι ὕπνον ἀπεχθαίρει καὶ ἐδωδὴν μνωομένῳ <span class="bibl">4.105</span>; σῆς ἀλόχου . . ἥ τέ τοι αὔτως ἧσται ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν <span class="bibl">13.336</span>; καὶ κήρυκα Μέδοντα σαώσομεν, ὅς τέ μευ αἰεὶ . . κηδέσκετο <span class="bibl">22.357</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">346</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> τε is used in descriptions of particular places or things when attention is called to their peculiar or characteristic features, or their position, e.g. Λιβύην, ἵνα τ' ἄρνες ἄφαρ κεραοὶ τελέθουσι <span class="bibl">Od.4.85</span>; ἔνθα δέ τ' ὄρνιθες τανυσίπτεροι εὐνάζοντο <span class="bibl">5.65</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.124</span>, <span class="bibl">13.99</span>,<span class="bibl">100</span>,<span class="bibl">107</span>,<span class="bibl">109</span>,<span class="bibl">244</span>; <b class="b3">ἓξ δέ τέ οἱ</b> (sc. [[Σκύλλῃ]]) δειραὶ περιμήκεες <span class="bibl">12.90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">93</span>,<span class="bibl">99</span>,<span class="bibl">105</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν δέ τε Γοργείη κεφαλή</b> (in Athena's [[αἰγίς]]) <span class="bibl">Il.5.741</span>; <b class="b3">χαλεπὸν δέ τ' ὀρύσσειν ἀνδράσι γε θνητοῖσι</b> (sc. [[μῶλυ]]) <span class="bibl">Od. 10.305</span>; δοιαὶ γάρ τε πύλαι ἀμενηνῶν εἰσὶν ὀνείρων <span class="bibl">19.562</span>; sts. τε draws attention to a well-known custom or permanent feature, ἀρξάμενοι τοῦ χώρου, ὅθεν τέ περ οἰνοχοεύει <span class="bibl">21.142</span>; ἦ μένετε Τρῶας σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν, ἔνθα τε νῆες εἰρύατ' εὔπρυμνοι <span class="bibl">Il.4.247</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od. 6.266</span>; ἐν ποταμῷ, ὅθι τ' ἀρδμὸς ἔην πάντεσσι βοτοῖσιν <span class="bibl">Il.18.521</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.14.353</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> a part of the anatomy is defined by a clause (containing τε) which indicates a feature which universally belongs to it, κατ' ἰσχίον, ἔνθα τε μηρὸς ἰσχίῳ ἐνστρέφεται <span class="bibl">Il.5.305</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.83</span>, <span class="bibl">13.547</span>, <span class="bibl">16.481</span>, <span class="bibl">20.478</span>; similarly a point of time is defined, ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, ὅτε τ' ἤματα μακρὰ πέλονται <span class="bibl">Od.18.367</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">10</span> τε is used in relative clauses which define a measurement of a particular thing or action by reference to the measurement (in general) of some thing or action well known in daily life, γεφύρωσεν δὲ κέλευθον μακρὴν ἠδ' εὐρεῖαν, ὅσον τ' ἐπὶ δουρὸς ἐρωὴ γίγνεται <span class="bibl">Il.15.358</span>; τοῦ δ' ἤτοι κλέος ἔσται ὅσον τ' ἐπικίδναται ἠώς <span class="bibl">7.451</span>; ὅτε τόσσον ἀπῆν ὅσσον τε γέγωνε βοήσας <span class="bibl">Od.9.473</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.321</span>, al.; more rarely the definition is by reference to the measurement of a particular thing or action, <b class="b3">ἤσθιε . . ἕως ὅ τ' ἀοιδὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἄειδεν</b> (s.v.l.) <span class="bibl">17.358</span>; ἥ τις δὴ τέτληκε τόσα φρεσίν, ὅσσα τ' ἐγώ περ <span class="bibl">19.347</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">11</span> the freq. use of τε B in similes is to be explained under one or other of the foregoing heads, e.g. when reference is made to generally known kinds of things or natural phenomena, to human experience in daily life, or to well-known phenomena of the animal world, <span class="bibl">Il.2.456</span>,<span class="bibl">459</span>,<span class="bibl">463</span>,<span class="bibl">468</span>,<span class="bibl">470</span>,<span class="bibl">471</span>,<span class="bibl">474</span>,<span class="bibl">481</span>, <span class="bibl">3.23</span>-<span class="bibl">5</span>,<span class="bibl">33</span>, <span class="bibl">11.415</span>-<span class="bibl">7</span>, al.; or when universal characteristics of gods, men, animals, etc., are indicated by relative clauses introduced by <b class="b3">ὅς τε, ὅς ῥά τε</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">3.61</span>, <span class="bibl">151</span>, <span class="bibl">198</span>, al.; or by <b class="b3">ὥς τε, ἠΰτε, ὥς τίς τε</b>, etc., e.g. <span class="bibl">5.136</span>, <span class="bibl">17.133</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.535</span>, ὡς εἴ τε <span class="bibl">9.314</span>, <span class="bibl">14.254</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> in post-Hom. Gr. this use of τε is more restricted; outside of Ep. and other early dactylic verse (<span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>30</span>,<span class="bibl">214</span>,<span class="bibl">233</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Xenoph.13.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.148</span>,<span class="bibl">359</span>, etc.) it is not found except with relatives, and with these it has scarcely any discernible sense, so that <b class="b3">ὅς τε</b> in Lyr. and Trag. is for the most part only = [[ὅς]], e.g. (possibly generalizing) Μοῖρ', ἅ τε πατρώϊον τῶνδ' ἔχει τὸν εὔφρονα πότμον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.2</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>1024</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>445</span> (lyr.), etc. (v. [[ὅστε]]); without generalizing force, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>9.9</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>297</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>615</span>, etc.; Hdt. has τά πέρ τε <span class="bibl">1.74</span>, ὅκως τε <span class="bibl">2.108</span> codd., <b class="b3">ὅσον τε</b> (without a verb, as in <span class="bibl">Od.9.325</span>, al.) <span class="bibl">1.126</span>, <span class="bibl">2.96</span>, <span class="bibl">3.5</span>, al., οἷά τε <span class="bibl">1.93</span> codd. (adverbially <span class="bibl">2.175</span>, <span class="bibl">5.11</span>): in Att. Prose and Com. even these uses disappear and we find only a few phrases, as <b class="b3">ἅτε, ὥστε, ἐφ' ᾧτε, οἷός τε</b>; in later Gr. we find exceptionally ἔνθεν τε <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ep.</span>17</span>; ἀφ' οὗ τε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>62.8</span> (ii B.C.); ἀπ' οὗ τε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>291.3</span> (iii B.C.); οἵ τε <span class="title">GDI</span>215.23 (Erythrae, ii B.C.); <b class="b3">ἥ τ</b>' <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.2962; ὅσον τε ὀκτὼ στάδια <span class="bibl">Paus.6.26.1</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ ἔστιν ἔπη Μαντικὰ ὁπόσα τε</b> (= [[which]]) ἐπελεξάμεθα καὶ ἡμεῖς <span class="bibl">Id.9.31.5</span>; οἷόν τε καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κύων φωνῆς θεωροῦμεν <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>11.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> in Hom. τε is also (but less freq.) used in conjunction with other particles in contexts (mainly particular statements) such as the following: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> in assurances, statements on oath, and threats, σχέτλιος, ἦ τ' ἐκέλευον ἀπωσάμενον δήϊον πῦρ ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἴμεν <span class="bibl">Il.18.13</span>; ἐξ αὖ νῦν ἔφυγες θάνατον, κύον· ἦ τέ τοι ἄγχι ἦλθε κακόν <span class="bibl">11.362</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ τε</b> is similarly used in <span class="bibl">11.391</span>, <span class="bibl">17.171</span>,<span class="bibl">236</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.24.28</span>,<span class="bibl">311</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἦ τ' ἄν</b> in <span class="bibl">Il.12.69</span>, al.; <b class="b3">γάρ τε</b> (s. v.l.) in οὐ γάρ τ' οἶδα <span class="bibl">6.367</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.10.190</span>; <b class="b3">νύ τε</b> in <span class="bibl">1.60</span>,<span class="bibl">347</span> (but τ' more prob. = τοι, v. [[σύ]]) <b class="b3">; δέ τε</b> in ἀγορῇ δέ τ' ἀμείνονές εἰσι καὶ ἄλλοι <span class="bibl">Il.18.106</span>; σὲ δέ τ' ἐνθάδε γῦπες ἔδονται <span class="bibl">16.836</span>; <b class="b3">μέν τε</b> in σφὼ μέν τε σαώσετε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν <span class="bibl">13.47</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.341</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ πέρ τε</b> in οὔ τοι ἔτι δηρόν γε φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης ἔσσεται, οὐδ' εἴ πέρ τε σιδήρεα δέσματ' ἔχῃσιν <span class="bibl">Od.1.204</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">188</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.12.223</span>,<span class="bibl">245</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> also in commands, warnings, and admonitions, σίγα, μή τίς τ' ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν τοῦτον ἀκούσῃ μῦθον <span class="bibl">Il.14.90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.19.486</span>; ὣς ἄγαγ' ὡς μήτ' ἄρ τις ἴδῃ μήτ' ἄρ τε νοήσῃ <span class="bibl">Il.24.337</span>; <b class="b3">τούσδε τ</b>' (v.l. δ') ἐᾶν <span class="bibl">16.96</span> (nisi leg. <b class="b3">τούσδ' ἔτ'</b>) ; δὸς δέ τέ μ' ἄνδρα ἑλεῖν <span class="bibl">5.118</span>; <b class="b3">μηδέ τ' ἐρώει</b> (nisi leg. <b class="b3">μηδ' ἔτ</b>') <span class="bibl">2.179</span>, <span class="bibl">22.185</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> also in passionate utterances, in clauses which indicate the cause of the speaker's passion or a circumstance which might have caused others to behave more considerately towards him, ὤ μοι ἐγὼ δειλή . . ἥ τ' . . τὸν μὲν . . θρέψασα . . ἐπιπροέηκα <span class="bibl">Il.18.55</span>; σχέτλιοί ἐστε, θεοί, ζηλήμονες ἔξοχον ἄλλων, οἵ τε θεαῖς ἀγάασθε . . ἤν τίς τε . . <span class="bibl">Od.5.119</span>,<span class="bibl">120</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">21.87</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.15.468</span>, <span class="bibl">17.174</span>; <b class="b3">ἡμεῖς δ' αὖ μαχόμεσθ', οἵ πέρ τ' ἐπίκουροι ἔνειμεν</b> and we, who ([[mark you]]) are only allies (not [[γαμβροί]] and [[κασίγνητοι]]), are fighting, <span class="bibl">5.477</span>; <b class="b3">τρεῖς γάρ τ' ἐκ Κρόνου εἰμὲν ἀδελφεοί</b> for we, [[let me tell you]], are three brothers, sons of Cronos (and Zeus has no prior title to power), <span class="bibl">15.187</span>; ποῖόν δε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων δεινόν τ' ἀργαλέον τε· νεμεσσῶμαι δέ τ' ἀκούων <span class="bibl">Od.21.169</span>; οὐ μήν οἱ τό γε κάλλιον οὐδέ τ' ἄμεινον <span class="bibl">Il.24.52</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> in descriptions of particular events and things where there is no general reference, κνίση μὲν ἀνήνοθεν, ἐν δέ τε φόρμιγξ ἠπύει <span class="bibl">Od.17.270</span>; [[ὥς]] (= [[so]]) τέ μοι ὑβρίζοντες ὑπερφιάλως δοκέουσιν δαίνυσθαι κατὰ δῶμα <span class="bibl">1.227</span>; τοὺς μέν τ' ἰητροὶ πολυφάρμακοι ἀμφιπένονται . . σὺ δ' ἀμήχανος ἔπλευ, Ἀχιλλεῦ <span class="bibl">Il.16.28</span>; <b class="b3">πόλιν πέρι δινηθήτην καρπαλίμοισι πόδεσσι, θεοὶ δέ τε πάντες ὁρῶντο</b> dub. l. in <span class="bibl">22.166</span>; εὗρε δ' ἐνὶ σπῆϊ γλαφυρῷ Θέτιν, ἀμφὶ δέ τ' ἄλλαι εἵαθ' ὁμηγερέες ἅλιαι θεαί <span class="bibl">24.83</span> (s.v.l.); ἐν δέ τε φάρμακον ἧκε <span class="bibl">Od.10.317</span>; νῶϊ δέ τ' ἄψορροι κίομεν <span class="bibl">Il.21.456</span>; πολλὰς γὰρ δὴ νύκτας . . ἄεσα καί τ' ἀνέμεινα . . Ἠῶ <span class="bibl">Od.19.342</span>; δέελον δ' ἐπὶ σῆμά τ' ἔθηκε <span class="bibl">Il.10.466</span>; ἐν δέ τε οἶνον κρητῆρσιν κερόωντο <span class="bibl">Od.20.252</span>; so with <b class="b3">οὐδέ τ</b>' (nisi leg. <b class="b3">οὐδ' ἔτ'</b>), τὸν καὶ ὑπέδδεισαν μάκαρες θεοὶ οὐδέ τ' ἔδησαν <span class="bibl">Il.1.406</span>; οὐδέ τ' ἔληγε μέγας θεός, ὦρτο δ' ἐπ' αὐτόν <span class="bibl">21.248</span>; οὐδέ τ' ἄειρε <span class="bibl">23.730</span>; οὐδέ τ' ἔασεν <span class="bibl">11.437</span>, <span class="bibl">21.596</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.709</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ὅτε τε</b> ([[when]]) freq. introduces a temporal clause defining a point of time in the past by means of a well-known event which occurred then, <b class="b3">ἦ οὐ μέμνῃ ὅτε τ' ἐκρέμω ὑψόθεν</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.15.18</span>; ὅτε τε Κρόνον . . Ζεὺς γαίης νέρθε καθεῖσε <span class="bibl">14.203</span>; ἤματι τῷ ὅτε τ' ἦλθον Ἀμαζόνες <span class="bibl">3.189</span> (but <b class="b3">ἤματι τῷ ὅτε τε</b> is general in <span class="bibl">13.335</span>; so also <b class="b3">ὅτε πέρ τε . . κέρωνται</b> in <span class="bibl">4.259</span>); ὅτε τ' ἤλυθε νόσφιν Ἀχαιῶν ἄγγελος ἐς Θήβας <span class="bibl">5.803</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.286</span>, <span class="bibl">22.102</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.7.323</span>, <span class="bibl">18.257</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> in <b class="b3">ὅ τε</b> ([[that]] or [[because]]) the τε has no observable meaning, χωόμενος ὅ τ' ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτισας <span class="bibl">Il.1.244</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">412</span>, <span class="bibl">4.32</span>, <span class="bibl">6.126</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.357</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">ἐπεί τε</b> = [[ἐπεί]] ([[when]]) is rare in Hom., ἐπεί τ' ἐνόησε <span class="bibl">Il.12.393</span>, cf. [[ἐπείτε]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> where <b class="b3">τ' ἄρ</b> occurs in questions, e.g. <b class="b3">πῇ τ' ἂρ μέμονας καταδῦναι ὅμιλον</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.13.307</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.8</span>, <span class="bibl">18.188</span>, al., ταρ (q.v.) should prob. be read, since [[ἄρ]] (α) usu. precedes a τε which is not copulative; so perh. ταρα should be read for <b class="b3">τ' ἄρα</b> in <span class="bibl">Od.1.346</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> in ἣ θέμις ἐστὶν . . ἤ τ' ἀνδρῶν ἤ τε γυναικῶν <span class="bibl">Il.9.276</span>, it is not clear whether τε is copulative (τε A) or generalizing (τε B) or neither (τε C); [[ἤ]] is prob. = [[ἦ]] (accented as in [[ἤτοι]] (<b class="b3">; ἤ τ' ἀλκῆς ἤ τε φόβοιο</b> is dub. l. in <span class="bibl">17.42</span>; <b class="b3">ἤ τ</b>' = [[or]] is found in <span class="bibl">19.148</span>, = [[than]] in <span class="bibl">Od.16.216</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">10</span> Rarer and later uses; </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> [[also]], esp. with ἄλλος, Ἑρμεία, σὺ γὰρ αὖτε τά τ' ἄλλα περ ἄγγελός ἐσσι <span class="bibl">Od.5.29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.273</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.23.483</span>; ἐπεὶ τά τε ἄλλα πράττουσιν καλῶς, ἀναθεῖναι αὐτοὺς καὶ στήλην <span class="title">IG</span>22.1298.9, cf. <span class="bibl">Lycurg.100</span> (s.v.l.); ἐκομισάμην τὸ παρὰ σοῦ ἐπιστόλιον, ἐν ᾧ ὑπέγραψάς μοι τήν τε παρὰ Ζήνωνος πρὸς Ἰεδδοῦν γεγραμμένην <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>18.1</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">εἰ οὖν περὶ τούτων ἐπιστροφὴν μὴ ποιήσει, οἵ τε λοιποί μοι τὰς χεῖρας προσοίσουσιν</b> (<b class="b3">-σωσιν</b> Pap.) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>2p.10</span> (iii B.C.); τῶν δὲ παρὰ ταῦτα ποιησόντων τά τε κτήνη ὑπὸ στέρεσιν ἀχθήσεσθαι πρὸς τὰ ἐκφόρια <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>27.74</span> (ii B.C.); v. supr. A. 11.3b. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> with [[ὅδε]], adding a slight emphasis to the preceding word, εἰ δὴ τήνδε τε γαῖαν ἀνείρεαι <span class="bibl">Od.13.238</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.484</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">τε γάρ</b> rarely = [[καὶ γάρ]] or [[γάρ]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>75b41</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">de An.</span> 405a4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>661b28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pol.</span>1318b33</span>, <span class="bibl">1333a2</span>; <b class="b3">ἐάν τε γάρ</b> for [[even]] if, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>10.8</span>; <b class="b3">τήν τε γὰρ ἐπιθυμίαν οὐκ ᾔδειν</b> for I had not known [[even]] lust. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>7.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">D</span> Position of τε: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> in signf. A, as an enclitic, it stands second word in the sentence, clause, or phrase, regardless of the meaning: <b class="b3">ἐγγύθι τε Πριάμοιο καὶ Ἕκτορος</b> near [[both]] Priam and Hector, <span class="bibl">Il.6.317</span>; ἡμέτεραί τ' ἄλοχοι καὶ νήπια τέκνα <span class="bibl">2.136</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.505</span>, <span class="bibl">7.295</span>; αἰεί τε δὴ νηλὴς οὺ καὶ θράσους πλέως <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>42</span> codd., cf. <span class="bibl">291</span> (anap.); ἄνευ τε δόλου καὶ ἀπάτης <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.69</span>; ὑπέρ τε σοῦ καὶ τῆς ἀδελφῆς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEnteux.</span>6.6</span> (iii B.C.); τοῖς τε πόνοις καὶ μαθήμασι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 537a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>70b</span>; hence in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>897</span> [[πόλεος]] must be taken with what precedes (Porson ad loc.): but article + noun, preposition + noun are freq. regarded as forming a unity indivisible by τε, τοῖς κτανοῦσί τε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>41</span> (lyr.); πρὸς βίαν τε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>210</span>; also the order is freq. determined by the meaning, τε being placed immediately after the word (or first word of a phrase or clause) which it joins to what precedes or to what follows, πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε <span class="bibl">Il.1.544</span>; ἔξω δόμων τε καὶ πάτρας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>665</span>; the copulative or preparatory τε precedes many other particles, e.g. <b class="b3">τε γάρ, τ' ἄρα, τέ τις</b>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> τε is enclitic in signfs. B, C also, and stands early in its sentence, clause, or phrase (v. supr.), but many particles which follow τε in signf. A precede it in signfs. B, C, e.g. in signfs. B, C we have <b class="b3">δέ τε, μέν τε, γάρ τε, ἀλλά τε, δ' ἄρα τε, ὅς ῥά τε, οὔτ' ἄρ τε, καὶ γάρ τίς τε, ὅς τίς τε, καί τε</b>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">E</span> Etymology: signf. A is found also in Skt. [[ca]], Lat. <b class="b2">-que</b>; for signfs. B and c cf. Skt. [[ca]] in <b class="b2">yáḥ káś ca</b> '[[whosoever]] (with following verb)', Lat. <b class="b2">-que</b> in [[quisque]], [[ubique]], [[plerique]], [[usque]], [[neque]], [[nec]] (= [[non]] in [[necopinans]], etc.), Goth. ni-h '[[not]]' (also '[[and not]]'), Lat. [[namque]] (= [[nam]]).</span>