οὐσία: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[οὐσίη]] <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.92</span>, <span class="bibl">6.86</span>.ά, <span class="title">SIG</span>167.26 (Mylasa, iv B. C.); Dor. [[ἐσσία]], [[ὠσία]] (q[[quod vide|q.v.]]): ἡ: (<b class="b3">ὀντ-</b>, part. of [[εἰμί]] [[sum]]):—that which is one's [[own]], one's [[substance]], [[property]], Hdt. ll.cc., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>911</span> (s. [[varia lectio|v.l.]]), <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">HF</span>337</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hel.</span>1253</span> (pl., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>354</span> (s. [[varia lectio|v.l.]])), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>729</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.18.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 551b</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span>l.c., etc.; opp. <b class="b3">τὰ σώματα</b> ([[civil]] [[status]]), <span class="bibl">And.1.74</span>; καλῶς… ἐπεμελήθη τῶν οὐσιῶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ δημάρχου <span class="title">BSA</span>24.154 (Attica, iv B.C.); <b class="b3">εἰ ἐκεκτήμην οὐ</b>. if I had been a man of [[substance]], <span class="bibl">Lys.24.11</span>; ὑπὲρ τὴν οὐ. δαπανᾶν <span class="bibl">Diph.32.7</span>; πατρῴαν οὐ. κατεσθίειν <span class="bibl">Anaxipp.1.32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Critias 45</span> D.; <b class="b3">φανερὰ οὐσία</b> [[real]] [[property]], [[immovables]], <span class="bibl">And.1.118</span>; opp. [[ἀφανής]], <span class="bibl">Lys.32.4</span>; freq. of [[estate]]s in [[Egypt]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>6.23</span> (ii B. C., pl.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>650.3</span> (i A. D.), <span class="title">OGI</span>665.30 (i A. D.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> in Philos., like Ion. [[φύσις]] (with which it is interchanged in various uses, e. g. <span class="bibl">Philol. 11</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>359a</span>, <span class="bibl">359b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>646a25</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.1.1</span>), [[stable]] [[being]], [[immutable]] [[reality]], opp. [[γένεσις]], ὅτιπερ πρὸς γένεσιν οὐσία, τοῦτο πρὸς πίστιν ἀλήθεια <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>29c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sph.</span>232c</span>; ὧν κίνησις γένεσιν παραλαβοῦσα ἀέναον οὐ. ἐπόρισεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>966e</span>; [[γένεσις]] μὲν τὸ [[σπέρμα]], οὐ. δὲ τὸ τέλος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>641b32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">640a18</span>, etc.; ὁδὸς εἰς οὐσίαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1003b7</span>: hence, [[being]] in the abstract, opp. [[non-being]] ([[τὸ μὴ εἶναι]]), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>185c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[substance]], [[essence]], opp. [[πάθη]] ('modes'), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>11a</span>; πάθη οὐσίας <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1003b7</span>; opp. [[συμβεβηκότα]] ('[[accident]]s'), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">APo.</span>83a24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>643a27</span>; ἡ [[φύσις]] [τῆς ψυχῆς] καὶ ἡ οὐσία, εἶθ' ὅσα συμβέβηκε περὶ αὐτήν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">de An.</span>402a8</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[true]] [[nature]] of that which is a member of a kind, defined as ὃ τυγχάνει ἕκαστον ὄν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>65d</span>; as <b class="b3">τὸ ὅ ἐστι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">92d</span>; as τὸ τί ἐστι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span> 90b30</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ εἶναί τε καὶ τὴν οὐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>509b</span>; expressed in a formula or definition, ψυχῆς οὐ. τε καὶ λόγον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>245e</span>; τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι οὗ ὁ λόγος ὁρισμός, καὶ τοῦτο οὐ. λέγεται <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1017b22</span>; <b class="b3">μόνης τῆς οὐ. ἐστὶν ὁ ὁρισμός</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1031a1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> the possession of such a nature, [[substantiality]], ἔτι ἐπέκεινα τῆς οὐ. πρεσβείᾳ… ὑπερέχοντος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 509b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> in the [[concrete]], the [[primary]] [[real]], the [[substratum]] underlying all change and process in nature, applied by Arist. to the atoms of [[Democritus]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>208</span>; to τὰ ἁπλᾶ σώματα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cael.</span>298a29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span> 1017b10</span>; πᾶσαι αἱ φυσικαὶ οὐσίαι ἢ σώματα ἢ μετὰ σωμάτων γίγνονται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cael.</span>298b3</span>, al.; ταὐτὸν σῶμα καὶ οὐσίαν ὁριζόμενοι <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Sph.</span>246a</span>; but also, <b class="b3">νοητὰ ἄττα καὶ ἀσώματα εἴδη… τὴν ἀληθινὴν οὐσίαν</b> ib.b. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> in Logic, [[substance]] as the leading category, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Cat.</span>1b26</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>1045b29</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ πρῶται οὐσίαι</b> ([[individual]]s), <b class="b3">αἱ δεύτεραι οὐσίαι</b> (species and genera), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cat.</span>2b5</span>, <span class="bibl">2a15</span> (but ὁ [[ἄνθρωπος]] καὶ ὁ [[ἵππος]]… οὐκ ἔστιν οὐ. ἀλλὰ σύνολόν τι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1035b29</span>, cf. [[σύνθετος]] or <b class="b3">συνθέτη οὐ</b>. ib. <span class="bibl">1043a30</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">de An.</span>412a16</span>); ἡ μὲν ψυχὴ οὐ. ἡ πρώτη, τὸ δὲ σῶμα ὕλη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1037a5</span>; ἡ ψυχὴ οὐ. ὡς εἶδος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">de An.</span>412a19</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ οὐ. ἐντελέχεια</b> ib.<span class="bibl">21</span>; [ψυχὴ] οὐ. τοῦ ἐμψύχου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1035b15</span>; of the [[abstract]] [[object]]s of [[mathematics]], μονὰς οὐ. [[ἄθετος]], στιγμὴ δὲ οὐ. θετός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">APo.</span>87a36</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> after Pl. and Arist. in various uses, as <b class="b3">ἡ ἄποιος οὐσία</b> = ἡ [[ὕλη]], Zeno Stoic.1.24; [[κατὰ οὐσίαν]], opp. <b class="b3">κατὰ δύναμιν ἢ ἐνέργειαν</b>, Polystr.p.12 W.; <b class="b3">πᾶς νοῦς ἀμέριστός ἐστιν οὐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">Inst.</span>171</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plot.2.4.5</span>, <span class="bibl">2.6.1</span>, <span class="bibl">4.7.8</span>, <span class="bibl">6.1.2</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> Pythag. name for I, <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>6. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> name of a plaster, <span class="bibl">Aët.15.15</span>,45. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">αἱ οὐσίαι</b> [[fire-resisting substances]], Zos.Alch.p.168 B.; of the four [[σώμα]]τα ([[copper]], [[tin]], [[lead]], [[iron]]), Ps.-Democr. ap. eund.<span class="bibl">p.167</span> B. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> in Magic, a [[material]] thing by which a [[connection]] is established between the person to be acted upon and the [[supernatural]] [[agent]], e.g. a [[hair]], λαβὼν βελόνην διείρων τὴν οὐσίαν εἰς αὐτήν <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.2949, cf. <span class="title">PMag.Osl.</span> 1.73; [[mould]] from a [[tomb]], <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.435; <b class="b3">κυνοκεφάλου οὐ.,… κυνὸς οὐ</b>., = [[κόπρος]] (cf. 2460), ib.2687, etc.</span>