δύναμις

English (LSJ)

[ῠ], ἡ, gen. εως, Ion. ιος, Ion. dat. δυνάμι : (δύναμαι):—

   A power, might, in Hom., esp. of bodily strength, εἴ μοι δ. γε παρείη Od. 2.62, cf. Il.8.294; οἵη ἐμὴ δ. καὶ χεῖρες Od.20.237; ἡ δ. τῶν νέων Antipho 4.3.2, etc.: generally, strength, power, ability to do anything, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, Il.13.787; in Prose, παρὰ δ. τολμηταί Th.1.70, etc.; ὑπὲρ δ. D.18.193; opp. κατὰ δ. as far as lies in one, Hdt.3.142, etc. (κὰδ δ. Hes.Op.336); εἰς δύναμιν Cratin. 172, Pl.R. 458e, etc.; πρὸς τὴν δ. Id.Phdr.231a.    2 outward power, influence, authority, A.Pers.174 (anap.), Ag.779 (lyr.); καταπαύσαντα τὴν Κύρου δ. Hdt.1.90; δυνάμει προὔχοντες Th.7.21, etc.; ἐν δ. εἶναι, γενέσθαι, X.HG4.4.5, D.13.29.    3 force for war, forces, δ. ἀνδρῶν Hdt.5.100, cf. Pl.Mx.240d, Plb.1.41.2, LXX Ge.21.22, OGI139.8 (ii B. C.); μετὰ δυνάμεων ἱκανῶν Wilcken Chr.10 (ii B. C.), etc.; δ. καὶ πεζὴ καὶ ἱππικὴ καὶ ναυτική X.An.1.3.12; πέντε δυνάμεσι πεφρουρημένον, of the five projecting rows of sarissae in the phalanx, Ascl.Tact.5.2,al.    4 a power, quantity, χρημάτων δ. Hdt.7.9.ά.    5 means, κατὰ δύναμιν Arist.EE1243b12; opp. παρὰ δ., 2 Ep.Cor.8.3; κατὰ δ. τῶν ὑπαρχόντων BGU1051.17 (Aug.).    II power, faculty, capacity, αἱ ἀμφὶ τὸ σῶμα δ. Hp.VM14; αἱ τοῦ σώματος δυνάμεις Pl.Tht.185e; ἡ τῆς ὄψεως δ. Id.R. 532a; ἡ τῶν λεγόντων δ. D.22.11: c. gen. rei, capacity for, τῶν ἔργων Arist.Pol.1309a35; τοῦ λέγειν Id.Rh.1362b22; τοῦ λόγου, τῶν λόγων, Men.578, Alex.94; δ. στρατηγική Plb.1.84.6; δ. ἐν πραγματείᾳ Id.2.56.5; δ. συνθετική D.H.Comp.2: abs., any natural capacity or faculty, that may be improved and may be used for good or ill, Arist.Top. 126a37, cf. MM1183b28.    2 elementary force, such as heat, cold, etc., Hp.VM16, Arist.PA646a14; ἡ τοῦ θερμοῦ δ.ib.650a5; θερμαντικὴ δ. Epicur.Fr.60, cf. Polystr.p.23 W.    b property, quality, ἰδίην δύναμιν καὶ φύσιν ἔχειν Hp.VM13, cf. Nat.Hom.5, Vict.1.10; esp. of the natural properties of plants, etc., αἱ δ. τῶν φυομένων, τῶν σπερμάτων, X.Cyr.8.8.14, Thphr.HP8.11.1; productive power, τῆς γῆς Id.Oec.16.4; μετάλλων Id.Vect.4.1: generally, function, faculty, δύναμις φυσική, ζωική, ψυχική, Gal.10.635; περὶ φυσικῶν δ., title of work by Galen.    c in pl., agencies, ὑπάρχειν ἐν τῇ φύσει τὰς τοιαύτας δυνάμεις (sc. the gods) Polystr.p.10 W.    d function, meaning, of part in whole, Id.p.17 W.    e in Music, function, value, of a note in the scale, δ. ἐστι τάξις φθόγγου ἐν συστήματι Cleonid.Harm.14, cf. Aristox.Harm.p.69M.; μέση κατὰ δύναμιν, opp. κατὰ θέσιν, Ptol. Harm.2.5.    3 faculty, art, or craft, Pl.R.532d, Arist.Metaph. 1018a30, EN1094a10, Arr.Epict.1.1.1; δ. σκεπτική the doctrine of the Sceptics, S.E.M.7.1.    4 a medicine, Timostr.7, etc.; δ. ἁπλαῖ Hp.Decent.9, Aret.CD1.4, etc.; δ. πολυφάρμακοι Plu.2.403c, Gal.13.365: in pl., collection of formulae or prescriptions, Orib.10.33.    b action of medicines, περὶ τῆς ἁπλῶν φαρμάκων δ., title of work by Galen; also, potency, δυνάμει θερμά, ψυχρά, Id.1.672, al.    5 magically potent substance or object, PMag.Leid.V.8.12: in pl., magical powers, Hld.4.7.    III force or meaning of a word, Lys.10.7, Pl. Cra.394b, Diog.Oen.12, Phld.Sign.31, etc.    b phonetic value of sounds or letters, Plb.10.47.8, D.H.Comp.12, Luc.Jud.Voc.5, etc.    2 worth or value of money, Th.6.46,2.97, Plu.Lyc.9, Sol. 15.    IV capability of existing or acting, potentiality, opp. actuality (ἐνέργεια), Arist.Metaph.1047b31, 1051a5, etc.: hence δυνάμει as Adv., virtually, ὕστερον ὂν τῇ τάξει, πρότερον τῇ δυνάμει . . ἐστί D.3.15; opp. ἐνεργείᾳ, Arist.APo.86a28, al.; opp. ἐντελεχείᾳ, Id.Ph.193b8, al.    V Math., power, κατὰ μεταφορὰν ἡ ἐν γεωμετρίᾳ λέγεται δ. Id.Metaph.1019b33; usu. second power, square, κατὰ δύναμιν in square, Pl.Ti.54b, cf. Theol.Ar.11, etc.: chiefly in dat., [εὐθεῖα] δυνάμει ἴση a line the square on which is equal to an area, ἡ BA ἐλάσσων ἐστὶν ἢ διπλασίων δυνάμει τῆς AK the square on BA is less than double of the square on AK, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.9: εὐθεῖαι δ. σύμμετροι commensurable in square, Euc.10Def.2; ἡ δυνάμει δεκάς the series 12 + 22 . . . + 102, Theol.Ar.64.    b square number, Pl.Ti.32a.    c square of an unknown quantity (x2), Dioph.Def.2, al.    2 square root of a number which is not a perfect square, surd, opp. μῆκος, Pl. Tht.147d.    3 product of two numbers, ἡ ἀμφοῖν (sc. τριάδος καὶ δυάδος) δ. ἑξάς Ph.1.3, cf. Iamb.in Nic.p.108 P.; δυνάμει in product, Hero Metr.1.15, Theol.Ar.33.    VI concrete, powers, esp. of divine beings, αἱ δ. τῶν οὐρανῶν LXX Is.34.4, cf. 1 Ep.Pet.3.22, al., Ph.1.587, Corp.Herm.1.26, Porph.Abst.2.34: sg., Act.Ap.8.10, PMag.Par.1.1275; πολυώνυμος δ., of God, Secund.Sent.3.    VII manifestation of divine power, miracle, Ev.Matt.11.21, al., Buresch Aus Lydien 113, etc.