ἐκ

English (LSJ)

before a vowel ἐξ, also

   A ἐξ τῳ ϝοίκῳ Inscr.Cypr. 135.5 H., in Att. Inscrr. before ς ξ ζ ρ and less freq. λ ; ἐγ- in Inscrr. before β γ δ λ μ ν ; Cret. and Boeot. ἐς Leg.Gort.2.49, Corinn.Supp.2.67 ; ἐχ freq. in Att. Inscrr. before χ φ θ (and in early Inscrr. before ς, IG12.304.20) ; also ἐ Ναυπάκτω ib.9(1).334.8 (Locr.) ; (ἐτ is for ἐπὶ in ib 9(2).517.14 (Thess.)) :—Prep. governing GEN. only (exc. in Cypr. and Arc., c. dat., Inscr.Cypr.135.5 H. (Idalium), (in form ἐς) IG5(2).6.49 (Tegea, iv B.C.)) :—radical sense, from out of, freq. also simply, from.    I OF PLACE, the most freq. usage, variously modified :    1 of Motion, out of, forth from, ἐκ Πύλου ἐλθὼν τηλόθεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης Il.1.269, cf.Pl.Prt.321c, etc. ; μάχης ἔκ Il.17.207 ; ἂψ ἐκ δυσμενέων ἀνδρῶν 24.288 ; ἐξ ὀχέων, ἐξ ἕδρης, 3.29, 19.77 ; φεύγειν ἐκ πολέμοιο 7.119 ; ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων ἐλθεῖν X.Cyr.6.2.9 ; ἐκ χειρῶν γέρας εἵλετο Il.9.344, cf. S.Ph.1287 (but ἐκ χειρὸς βάλλειν or παίειν to strike with a spear in the hand, opp. ἀντιτοξεύειν or ἀκοντίζειν, X.An.3.3.15, Cyr.4.3.16 ; ἐκ χειρὸς τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι ib.6.2.16, cf. 6.3.24, etc.) ; ἐκ χρυσῶν φιαλῶν πίνειν ib.5.3.3 ; ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ὠνεῖσθαι Pl.Com.190.    2 ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον I loved her from my heart, with all my heart, Il.9.343 ; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀσπάσασθαι X.Oec.10.4 ; μέγαν ἐκ θυμοῦ κλάζοντες Ἄρη A.Ag.48 (anap.) ; δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός Id.Th.919 (anap.) ; οὐδὲν ἐκ σαυτῆς λέγεις S.El.344 ; ἐξ εὐμενῶν στέρνων δέχεσθαι receive with kindly heart, Id.OC486 ; ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀρθῶν δὲ κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενός Id.OT528 ; ὀρθὸς ἐξ ὀρθῶν δίφρων with chariot still upright, Id.El.742 ; ἐξ ἀκινήτου ποδός Id.Tr.875 ; ἐξ ἑνὸς ποδός Id.Ph.91.    3 to denote change or succession, freq. with an antithetic repetition of the same word, δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ one evil comes from (or after) another, Il.19.290 ; ἐκ φόβου φόβον τρέφω S.Tr.28 ; πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως ἀμείβειν, ἀλλάττειν, Pl. Sph.224b, Plt.289e ; λόγον ἐκ λόγου λέγειν D.18.313 ; πόρους ἐκ πόρων ὑπισχνούμενοι Alciphr.1.8 ; ἀπαλλάττειν τινὰ ἐκ γόων S.El.291 ; ἐκ κακῶν πεφευγέναι Id.Ant.437 : hence, instead of, τυφλὸς ἐκ δεδορκότος Id.OT454 ; λευκὴν..ἐκ μελαίνης ἀμφιβάλλομαι τρίχα Id.Ant.1093 ; ἐλεύθερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῦ γεγονώς D.18.131, cf. X. An.7.7.28, etc.    4 to express separation or distinction from a number, ἐκ πολέων πίσυρες four out of many, Il.15.680 ; μοῦνος ἐξ ἁπάντων σωθῆναι Hdt.5.87 ; εἶναι ἐκ τῶν δυναμένων to be one of the wealthy, Pl.Grg.525e ; ἐμοὶ ἐκ πασέων Ζεὺς ἄλγε' ἔδωκεν to me out of (i.e. above) all, Il. 18.431, cf. 432 ; ἐκ πάντων μάλιστα 4.96, cf. S.Ant. 1137 (lyr.), etc. ; redundant, εἷς τῶν ἐκ τῶν φίλων σου LXX Jd.15.2.    5 of Position, outside of, beyond, chiefly in early writers, ἐκ βελέων out of shot, Il.14.130, etc. ; ἐκ καπνοῦ out of the smoke, Od.19.7 ; ἐκ πατρίδος banished from one's country, 15.272 ; ἐκ μεσου κατῆστο sate down apart from the company, Hdt.3.83 ; ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι out of its accustomed quarters, Id.2.142; ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν out of sight, Id.5.24 ; ἐξ ὁδοῦ out of the road, S.OC113.    6 with Verbs of Rest, where previous motion is implied, on, in, δαῖέ οἱ ἐκ κόρυθος..πῦρ lighted a fire from (i.e. on) his helmet, Il.5.4 ; ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα νίζετο washed his body in the river (with water from the river), Od.6.224 : freq. with Verbs signifying hang or fasten, σειρήν..ἐξ οὐρανόθεν κρεμάσαντες having hung a chain from heaven, Il.8.19 ; ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα he hung his lyre from (i.e. on) the peg, Od.8.67 ; ἀνάπτεσθαι ἔκ τινος fasten from i.e. upon) a thing, 12.51 ; μαχαίρας εἶχον ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων Il.18.598 ; πρισθεὶς ἐξ ἀντύγων gripped to the chariot-rail, S.Aj.1030, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ βραχίονος ἵππον ἐπέλκουσα leading it [by a rein] upon her arm, Hdt.5.12 : with Verbs signifying hold, lead, ἐξ ἐκείνων ἔχειν τὰς ἐλπίδας to have their hopes dependent upon them, Th.1.84 ; ἐκ χειρὸς ἄγειν lead by the hand, Bion Fr.7.2 ; ἐκ ποδὸς ἕπεσθαι ib.6.2 ; ἐκ τῆς οὐρᾶς λαμβάνεσθαι Luc.Asin.23 : with the Art. indicating the place of origin, οἱ ἐκ τῶν νήσων κακοῦργοι the robbers of the islands, Th.1.8, cf. 2.5, 13 ; τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ναυμαχίας those in the sea-fight, Pl. Ap.32b ; τοὺς ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶν those in the tents, D.18.169 ; ἁρπασόμενοι τὰ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν X.Cyr.7.2.5 ; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου ἔθεον Id.An. 4.6.25 : even with Verbs of sitting or standing, εἰσεῖδε στᾶσ' ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο from Olympus where she stood, Il.14.154 ; καθῆσθαι ἐκ πάγων to sit on the heights and look from them, S.Ant.411 ; στὰς ἐξ ἐπάλξεων ἄκρων E.Ph.1009 ; ἐκ βυθοῦ at the bottom, Theoc.22.40 : phrases, ἐκ δεξιᾶς, ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς, on the right, left, X.Cyr.8.3.10, etc.; οἱ ἐξ ἐναντίας, οἱ ἐκ πλαγίοὐ ib.7.1.20 ; ἐκ θαλάσσης, opp. ἐκ τῆς μεσογείας, D.18.301.    7 νικᾶν ἔκ τινος win a victory over.., Apoc.15.2.    II OF TIME, elliptic with Pron. relat. and demonstr., ἐξ οὗ [χρόνου] since, Il.1.6, Od.2.27, etc.; in apod., ἐκ τοῦ from that time, Il.8.296 ; ἐκ τούτου X.An.5.8.15, etc. (but ἐκ τοῖο thereafter, Il.1.493, and ἐκ τούτων or ἐκ τῶνδε usu. after this, X.Mem.2.9.4, S.OT235) ; ἐξ ἐκείνου Th.2.15 ; ἐκ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) for a long time, Id.1.68, etc.; ἐκ πλέονος χρόνου Id.8.45 ; ἐκ πλείστου ib.68 ; ἐξ ὀλίγου at short notice, Id.2.11 (but also a short time since, Plu.Caes.28) ; ἐκ παλαιοῦ X.Mem.3.5.8 ; ἐκ παλαιτάτου Th.1.18.    2 of particular points of time, ἐκ νεότητος..ἐς γῆρας Il.14.86 ; ἐκ γενετῆς 24.535 ; ἐκ νέου, ἐκ παιδός, from boyhood, Pl.Grg.510d, R.374c, etc.; ἐκ μικροῦ παιδαρίου D.53.19 ; ἐξ ἀρχῆς A.Eu.284, etc.; καύματος ἔξ after hot weather, Il.5.865; νέφος ἔρχεται οὐρανὸν εἴσω αἰθέρος ἐκ δίης after clear weather, 16.365 ; ἐκ δὲ αἰθρίης καὶ νηνεμίης συνδραμεῖν ἐξαπίνης νέφεα Hdt.1.87 ; so (like ἀπό II) ἐκ τῆς θυσίης γενέσθαι to have just finished sacrifice, ib.50, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου after breakfast, X.An.4.6.21 ; ἐξ εἰρήνης πολεμεῖν to go to war after peace, Th. 1.120 ; γελάσαι ἐκ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν δακρύων X.Cyr.1.4.28 ; κάλλιστον ἦμαρ εἰσιδεῖν ἐκ χείματος A.Ag.900 ; τὴν θάλασσαν ἐκ Διονυσίων πλόϊμον εἶναι Thphr.Char.3.3 ; ἐκ χειμῶνος at the end of winter, Plu. Nic.20.    3 at, in, ἐκ νυκτῶν Od.12.286 ; ἐκ νυκτός X.Cyr.1.4.2, etc.; ἐξ ἡμέρας S.El.780 ; ἐκ μέσω ἄματος Theoc.10.5 ; ἐκ τοῦ λοιποῦ or ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν for the future, X.Smp.4.56, Pl.Lg.709e.    III OF ORIGIN,    1 of Material, out of or of which things are made, γίγνεταί τι ἔκ τινος Parm.8.12 ; ποιέεσθαι ἐκ ξύλων τὰ πλοῖα Hdt.1.194 ; πίνοντας ἐκ κριθῶν μέθυ A.Supp.953 ; εἶναι ἐξ ἀδάμαντος Pl.R. 616c ; ἐκ λευκῶ ἐλέφαντος αἰετοί Theoc.15.123 ; στράτευμα ἀλκιμώτατον ἂν γένοιτο ἐκ παιδικῶν X.Smp.8.32 ; συνετάττετο ἐκ τῶν ἔτι προσιόντων formed line of battle from the troops as they marched up, Id.An.1.8.14.    2 of Parentage, ἔκ τινος εἶναι, γενέσθαι, etc., Il. 20.106,6.206, etc.; ἐκ γὰρ ἐμεῦ γένος ἐσσί (where γένος is acc. abs.) 5.896 ; σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης 19.111 ; ὦ παῖ πατρὸς ἐξ Ἀχιλλέως S.Ph.260 ; πίρωμις ἐκ πιρώμιος Hdt.2.143 ; ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαθῶν Pl.Phdr.246a ; τὸν ἐξ ἐμῆς μητρός S.Ant.466, etc.    3 of Place of Origin or Birth, ἐκ Σιδῶνος..εὔχομαι εἶναι Od.15.425, cf. Th.1.25, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ἄνω εἰμί Ev.Jo.8.23; ἡ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου βουλή the Areopagus, Arist.Ath.4.4, etc. ; οἱ ἐκ τῆς διατριβῆς ταύτης Aeschin.1.54 ; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ Περιπάτου the Peripatetics, Luc.Pisc.43 ; ὁ ἐξ Ἀκαδημείας the Academic, Ath.1.34b ; οἱ ἐκ πίστεως Ep.Gal.3.7 ; οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας Ep.Rom.2.8.    4 of the Author or Occasion of a thing, ὄναρ, τιμὴ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν, Il.1.63,2.197, cf. Od.1.33, A.Pers.707, etc.; θάνατος ἐκ μνηστήρων death by the hand of the suitors, Od.16.447 ; τὰ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων τείχεα walls built by them, Hdt.2.148 ; κίνημα ἐξ αὑτοῦ spontaneous motion, Plot.6.1.21 ; ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων A.Eu.331 (lyr.) ; ἡ ἐξ ἐμοῦ δυσβουλία S.Ant.95 ; ὁ ἐξ ἐμοῦ πόθος Id.Tr.631.    5 with the agent after Pass. Verbs, by, Poet. and early Prose, ἐφίληθεν ἐκ Διός they were beloved of (i.e.by) Zeus, Il.2.669 ; κήδε' ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός ib. 70; προδεδόσθαι ἐκ Πρηξάσπεος Hdt.3.62; τὰ λεχθέντα ἐξ Ἀλεξάνδρου Id.7.175, cf. S.El.124 (lyr.), Ant.93, Th.3.69, Pl.Ti.47b; ἐξ ἁπάντων ἀμφισβητήσεται Id.Tht.171b; ὁμολογουμένους ἐκ πάντων X.An.2.6.1 ; τὰς ἐκ θεῶν τύχας δοθείσας S.Ph.1316, cf. Pl.Ly.204c : with neut. Verbs, ἐκ..πατρὸς κακὰ πείσομαι Od.2.134, cf. A.Pr.759 ; τλῆναί τι ἔκ τινος Il.5.384 ; θνήσκειν ἔκ τινος S.El.579, OT854, etc.; τὰ γενόμενα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Hdt.1.1.    6 of Cause, Instrument, or Means by which a thing is done, ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος in consequence of our fathers' friendship, Od.15.197 ; μήνιος ἐξ ὀλοῆς 3.135 ; ἐξ ἔριδος Il. 7.111 ; τελευτῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ τρώματος Hdt.3.29 ; ἐκ τίνος λόγου; E. Andr.548 ; ἐκ τοῦ; wherefore? Id.Hel.93 ; λέξον ἐκ τίνος ἐπλήγης X. An.5.8.4 ; ποιεῖτε ὑμῖν φίλους ἐκ τοῦ Μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας make yourselves friends of (i.e. by means of).., Ev.Luc.16.9 ; ζῆν ἔκ τινος X. HG3.2.11 codd.; ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων τρέφειν ἐμαυτόν Isoc.15.152 ; ἐκ τόξων ἀνύσαι γαστρὶ φορβάν S.Ph.710 (lyr.).    7 in accordance with, ἐκ τῶν λογίων Hdt.1.64 ; ὁ ἐκ τῶν νόμων χρόνος D.24.28 ; ἐκ κελεύματος A. Pers.397, cf. Sophr.25 ; ἐκ τῶν ξυγκειμένων Th.5.25 ; ἐκ τῶν παρόντων ib.40, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κρινόμενοι X.Cyr.2.2.21, cf. A.Pr.485.    8 freq. as periphr. for Adv., ἐκ προνοίας IG12.115.11 ; ἐκ βίας by force, S.Ph.563 ; ἐκ δόλου Id.El.279 ; ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ζητεῖν Pl.R.499a : esp. with neut. Adjs., ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο, = ἀγχίμολον, Il.24.352 ; ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανέος Hdt.3.150; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, ἐκ τοῦ προφανοῦς, Th.4.106, 6.73 ; ἐκ προδήλου S.El.1429 ; ἐξ ἴσου, ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου, Id.Tr.485, Th.2.3 ; ἐξ ἀέλπτου Hdt.1.111, etc.: with fem. Adj., ἐκ τῆς ἰθέης Id.3.127 ; ἐκ νέης Id.5.116 ; ἐξ ὑστέρης Id.6.85 ; ἐκ τῆς ἀντίης Id.8.6 ; ἐκ καινῆς Th.3.92 ; ἐξ ἑκουσίας S.Tr.727 ; ἐκ ταχείας ib.395.    9 of Number or Measurement, with numerals, ἐκ τρίτων in the third place, E.Or.1178, Pl.Grg.500a, Smp.213b ; distributively, apiece, Ath.15.671b.    b of Price, ἐξ ὀκτὼ ὀβολῶν SIG2587.206 ; ἐκ τριῶν δραχμῶν ib.283 ; συμφωνήσας ἐκ δηναρίου Ev.Matt.20.2.    c of Weight, ἐπιπέμματα ἐξ ἡμιχοινικίου Inscr.Prien.362 (iv B.C.).    d of Space, θινώδης ὢν ὁ τόπος ἐξ εἴκοσι σταδίων by the space of twenty stades, Str.8.3.19.    B ἐκ is freq. separated from its CASE, Il.11.109, etc.—It takes an accent in anastrophe, 14.472, Od.17.518.—Ep. use it with Advbs. in -θεν, ἐξ οὐρανόθεν, ἐξ ἁλόθεν, ἐξ Αἰσύμηθεν, Il.17.548, 21.335, 8.304 ; ἐκ Διόθεν Hes.Op.765 ; ἐκ πρῴρηθεν Theoc.22.11.—It is combined with other Preps. to make the sense more definite, as διέκ, παρέκ, ὑπέκ.    C IN COMPOS. the sense of removal prevails ; out, away, off.    2 to express completion, like our utterly, ἐκπέρθω, ἐξαλαπάζω, ἐκβαρβαρόω, ἐκδιδάσκω, ἐκδιψάω, ἐκδωριεύομαι, ἐξοπλίζω, ἐξομματόω, ἔκλευκος, ἔκπικρος.    D As ADVERB, therefrom, Il.18.480.