ἀνάγκη

English (LSJ)

Ion. and Ep. ἀναγκαίη, ἡ,

   A force, constraint, necessity, κρατερὴ δ' ἐπικείσετ' ἀ. Il.6.458; ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει ib.85; ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζειν 4.300; τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν; 5.633; οἷσιν ἀ. (sc. φυλάσσειν) 10.418, al.: but in Hom. usu. in dat. as Adv., ἀνάγκῃ perforce, of necessity, ἀείδειν Od.1.154; φεύγειν Il.11.150: in act. sense, forcibly, by force, ἴσχειν, ἄγειν, Od.4.557, 22.353; μνήσασθαι 7.217: strengthd. by καί, 10.434; ὑπ' ἀνάγκης 19.156; opp. ἑκόντες, Pl.Phdr.231a; ὑπ' ἀναγκαίης Hdt.7.172, al.; ἐξ ἀνάγκης S.Ph.73, Th.3.40, etc.; δι' ἀνάγκης Pl.Ti.47e; σὺν ἀνάγκᾳ Pi.P.1.51; πρὸς ἀνάγκαν A.Pers.569 codd. (lyr.), cf. Epict.Ench.29.2; κατ' ἀνάγκην X.Cyr.4.3.7: ἀνάγκη ἐστί, c. inf., it must be that... is necessary that... cf. Il. supr. cit.; πᾶσα ἀ. ἐστὶ ὗσαι Hdt.2.22; τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶν οὐδεμία ἀ., τῇσι δὲ θυγατράσι πᾶσα ἀ. ib.35: c. dat. pers., ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖν A.Pr.16, cf. Pers.293:—in Trag. freq. in answers and arguments, πολλή γ' ἀνάγκη, πολλή' στ' ἀνάγκη, or πολλή μ' ἀνάγκη, with which an inf. may always be supplied, E.Med.1013, Hec.396, S.Tr.295; so πᾶσ' ἀνάγκη El.1497, cf. Pl.R.441d; ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστί] ib.485e, Is.3.6, D.28.9; ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστί Lys.6.8: later ἀνάγκην ἔχω, c. inf., Ev.Luc. 14.18.    2 necessity in the philosophical sense, Arist.APo.94b37, Metaph.1026b28, Ph.199b34; logical necessity, Metaph.1064b33: in pl., laws of nature, τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίων X. Mem.1.1.11, cf. Hp.Aër.21.    b natural need, γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαις A.Ag.726, cf. Ar.Nu.1075, X.Cyn.7.1; ὑπ' ἀ. τῆς ἐμφύτου Pl.R.458d; ἐρωτικαῖς ἀ. ib., etc.    c ἡ ἀ. τοῦ τόπου the lie of the ground as a necessary condition, PLille4.14.    d ἀνάγκη δαιμόνων, αἱ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκαι, fate, destiny, E.Ph.1000, 1763: freq. personified in Poets, Parm.8.30, Emp.116, A.Pr.105, S.Fr.256; Ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται Simon.5.21.    3 compulsion exerted by a superior, ἀ. προστιθέναι, ἐπιτιθέναι, X.Hier.9.4, Lac.10.7.    b violence, punishment, esp. of torture, mostly pl., ἐς ἀνάγκας ἄγεσθαι Hdt.1.116, cf. Antipho 6.25, Herod.5.5; προσάγειν τινὶ τὰς ἀνάγκας Th.1.99; τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα instruments of torture, Plb.15.28.2: later in sg., ἡ ἀ. τῶν βασάνων Plu.2.305e; πρὸς ἀνάγκην under torture, Id.Publ.17: metaph., Hp.de Arte13; δολοποιὸς ἀ., i. e. the stratagem of Nessus, S.Tr.832; βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις Xenarch.1.9.    c duress, 'force majeure', ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ὄντες Democr.239; stress of circumstances, ἀκούσιοι ἀ. Th.3.82.    d treatment by mechanical force, τῶν ἀναγκῶν τινὰ προσφέρειν Hp.Fract.15, cf. Art.73.    4 bodily pain, anguish, κατ' ἀνάγκην ἕρπειν painfully, S.Ph.206 (lyr.); ὑπ' ἀνάγκης βοᾶν ib.215; ὠδίνων ἀνάγκαι E.Ba.89 (lyr.): generally, distress, ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόν Simon.226; freq. in LXX, Jb.15.24, al.; ἡ ἐνεστῶσα ἀ. 1 Ep.Cor.7.26: esp. in pl., IG12 (7).386.23 (Amorgos, iii B. C.), D.S.4.43, 2 Ep.Cor.6.4, etc.    II tie of blood, kindred, Lys.32.5.    III = ἡ δικαστικὴ κλεψύδρα, Hsch.