δάκρυ: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[tear]], [[drop]] (Il., also Peripl. M. Rubr. 30 = [[resin]], cf. s. <b class="b3">βράθυ</b>),<br />Other forms: Dat. pl. <b class="b3">δάκρυσι</b>; <b class="b3">δάκρυον</b> n. (Il., from <b class="b3">δάκρυα</b>, Debrunner Mélanges Pedersen 202ff.)<br />Compounds: <b class="b3">παρά- δακρυ</b> plant name (Ps.-Dsc.); many bahuvrihi's in <b class="b3">-δακρυς</b>.<br />Derivatives: Demin. <b class="b3">δακρύδιον</b> as plant name (Ps.-Dsc.); - <b class="b3">δακρυ-όεις</b> <b class="b2">rich in tears</b> (Il.) on which Risch, Museum Helv. 3 (1946) 255; <b class="b3">δακρυώδης</b> <b class="b2">with tears</b> (of wounds, Hp.); denomin. <b class="b3">δακρύω</b> <b class="b2">weep (over)</b> (Il.) with <b class="b3">δάκρυμα</b> <b class="b2">wept over</b> (Orac. ap. Hdt. 7, 169), [[tear]] (A.); hell. <b class="b3">*δάκρυμα</b> to Lat. [[dacruma]], [[lacrima]], s. Leumann Sprache 1, 206.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [179] <b class="b2">*drḱ-h₂ḱru</b> <b class="b2">eye-bitter</b> > [[tear]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[tear]]. Arm. <b class="b2">artasu-k</b> pl. (< <b class="b2">*draḱu-</b>, s. below), sg. [[artawsr]] (< <b class="b2">*draḱu-r</b>); Germ., e. g. OHG [[zahar]], Goth. [[tagr]] (with grammat. change); Celt., e. g. OBret. [[dacr]], OIr. [[dēr]], < <b class="b2">*daḱr(o</b>)-. - Beside it OHG [[trahan]], < PGm. <b class="b2">*trahnu-</b>, < <b class="b2">*draḱnu-</b>. One started from <b class="b2">*draḱru-</b> with dissimilation. - The eastern languages have no initial consonants: Skt. <b class="b2">áśru-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">asrū-</b>, Balt., e. g. Lith. <b class="b2">ašarà</b>, Toch. A [[ākär]]. "Eine befriedigende Erklärung ist noch nicht gefunden; vielleicht liegt alte Kreuzung mit einem anderen Wort vor." (Frisk) - Kortlandt assumes a compound from <b class="b2">*dr̥ḱ-h₂ḱru</b> <b class="b2">eye-bitter</b>, the first element from <b class="b2">*derḱ-</b> <b class="b2">to see</b>, the second element being [[bitter]]. Cf. Pinault FS Beekes 1997, 291-233. - Note Hitt. <b class="b2">išḫaḫru-</b> n. [[tears]]. Kortlandt supposes <b class="b2">*skʷ-h₂ḱru</b> (from <b class="b2">*sekʷ-</b> [[see]]). - See W.-Hofmann s. [[lacrima]]; further Sapir Lang. 15, 180ff..

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