καρπός: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=1.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">fruit, fruits of the earth, corn, yields</b> (Il.).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">ka-po</b><br />Compounds: several compp., e. g. <b class="b3">καρπο-φόρος</b>, <b class="b3">ἄ-καρπος</b>.<br />Derivatives: Diminut. <b class="b3">καρπίον</b> (Thphr., pap.); adjectives: <b class="b3">κάρπιμος</b> <b class="b2">giving fruit</b> (trag., com., hell.; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 45 a. 47), <b class="b3">καρπώδης</b> <b class="b2">rich in fruits</b> (Rom. empire). Denomin. verbs: 1. <b class="b3">καρπόομαι</b> <b class="b2">reap fruits, exploit</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">give, produce fruit</b> = <b class="b2">bring (burnt) sacrif.</b> (A., LXX) with <b class="b3">κάρπωμα</b> <b class="b2">fruit, sacrif.</b> and <b class="b3">κάρπωσις</b> <b class="b2">use, profit, sacrif.</b>, <b class="b3">καρπώσιμος</b> (Hermipp. Hist.); cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 449 a. 2, 550. 2. <b class="b3">καρπίζομαι</b> (<b class="b3">-ίζω</b> Paros; hell. inscr.) <b class="b2">reap fruits</b> (E., hell.), <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> [[fertilize]] (E. in lyr.); <b class="b3">καρπισμός</b> <b class="b2">yields </b> (Arist., Thphr.). 3. <b class="b3">καρπεύω</b>, <b class="b3">-εύομαι</b> <b class="b2">reap fruits</b> (Hyp., hell.) with <b class="b3">καρπεία</b> [[profit]], [[income]], <b class="b3">καρπεῖον</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, also = <b class="b3">καρπός</b>.<br />Origin: Sub. Eur.<br />Etymology: The nearest comparison gives Lat. [[carpō]] <b class="b2">pluck (off)</b>; so <b class="b3">καρπός</b> <b class="b2">plucking off, what is reaped</b>; on the unexpected oxytonesis s. Schwyzer 459. Here also the Germ. word for [[autumn]], e. g. OHG [[herbist]] (IE. <b class="b2">*karpistos</b> prop. "best to pluck", from the month?); also Venet. PN. Carponia, Carpus etc.?; cf. Haas Sprache 2, 235 with uncertain further combinations. As <b class="b3">α</b> in <b class="b3">καρπός</b> (as opposed to the [[a]] in [[carpō]] and [[e]] in [[herbist]]) can also represent vocalic <b class="b2">r̥</b>, one also adduces Lith. <b class="b2">kerpù</b> <b class="b2">cut with a scissors</b>. However, Gr. <b class="b2">*r̥</b> would have given <b class="b3">-ρα-</b>. The connexion with <b class="b3">κρώπιον</b> is prob. wrong (s.v.; the word is Pre-Greek). Also Skt. <b class="b2">kr̥paṇa-</b> [[sword]] will be unrelated. The words for [[sickle]] may be related. The French (DELG) posit an "[[a]] populaire", which means that the word is a loan, from a Eur. substratum? Cf. Pok 944 <b class="b2">*(s)kerb(h)-</b>. Further s. [[κρώπιον]].<br />2.<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">root of the hand</b> (Il.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">καρπό-δεσμον</b>, <b class="b3">-δεσμος</b>, <b class="b3">-δέσμιον</b> [[bracelet]] (pap., Luc.), hypostasis <b class="b3">ὑπο-κάρπιος</b> <b class="b2">under the hand-root</b> (Aristaenet.)<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">καρπωτός</b> <b class="b2">reaching to the h.</b> (LXX); <b class="b3">καρπίζομαι</b> <b class="b2">be taken at the h.</b>, a. o. as sign of manumission, <b class="b3">ἐπὶ ἐλευθερίᾳ</b> = <b class="b2">adseror in libertatem</b> (gloss.), with <b class="b3">καρπιστής</b> [[emancipator]] (Arr.), <b class="b3">καρπισμός</b>, <b class="b3">-ιστία</b> [[vindiciae]] (gloss.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Schrader and Solmsen (s. on <b class="b3">καρπάλιμος</b>) connect a Germanic verb for <b class="b2">turn etc.</b>, e. g. Goth. <b class="b2">ƕaírban</b>, OHG [[hwerban]], [[hwerfan]] <b class="b2">turn oneself, werben</b>. So the basis would be <b class="b3">*κϜαρπός</b> from IE. <b class="b2">*ku̯r̥p-</b>; on the phonetics Schwyzer 302. - Doubtful further connections in Pok. 631. The root has no certain connections outside Germanic. Michler assumes that it is the same word as <b class="b3">καρπός</b> [[fruit]] (Hermes 94 (1966) 314-319 [the article is too difficult for me]; see the remarks in Frisk III s.v.

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