ἱλάσκομαι: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">appease, be merciful</b>, perf. intr. and aor. pass. <b class="b2">be gracious</b> (Il.)<br />Other forms: rarely <b class="b3">ἵλαμαι</b> (h. Hom. 19, 48; 21, 5; inf. <b class="b3">ἵλασθαι</b> Orph. A. 944; on the quantity of the anlauts s. below), <b class="b3">ἱλάονται</b> (Β 550, <b class="b3">ἱλάεσθαι</b> A. R. 2, 847); aor. <b class="b3">ἱλάσ(σ)ασθαι</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">ἱλάξασθαι</b> (Delph., A. R.), pass. <b class="b3">ἱλασθῆναι</b> (LXX); fut. <b class="b3">ἱλάσ(σ)ομαι</b> (Pl., Orac. ap. Paus. 8, 42, 6), <b class="b3">ἱλάξομαι</b> (A. R.); perf. ipv. Aeol. <b class="b3">ἔλλαθι</b> (gramm., B. 10, 8), pl. <b class="b3">ἔλλατε</b> (Call. Fr. 121); besides <b class="b3">ἵλαθι</b>, <b class="b3">ἵλατε</b> (Theoc., A. R.), <b class="b3">ἵληθι</b> (γ 380, π 184), cf. below; subj. <b class="b3">ἱλήκῃσι</b> (φ 365), opt. <b class="b3">ἱλήκοι</b> etc. (h. Ap. 165, AP, Alciphr.),<br />Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>,<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἐξίλασις</b>, (<b class="b3">ἐξ-)ἱλασμός</b> (LXX), <b class="b3">ἱλασία</b> (inscr. Rom. empire), (<b class="b3">ἐξ-)ἵλασμα</b> <b class="b2">appeasement, expiatory sacrifice</b> (LXX), <b class="b3">ἱλάσιμος</b> [[appeasing]] (M.Ant.; after <b class="b3">ἰάσιμος</b> a. o., Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 93), <b class="b3">ἱλαστήριος</b> [[appeasing]], <b class="b3">-ιον</b> <b class="b2">propitiatory gift</b> (LXX, pap.), also (analog.) <b class="b3">ἱλατήριον</b> (Chron. Lind.), <b class="b3">ἱλαστής</b> [[appeaser]] (Aq., Thd.) with <b class="b3">ἐξιλαστικός</b> (Corn.). - Older formations: 1. <b class="b3">ἵλαος</b> (ep. Arc.; on the quantity of the <b class="b3">α</b> below), <b class="b3">ἵλεως</b> (Att., also Ion.), <b class="b3">ἵλεος</b> (Cret. since IIIa, also Hdt.), <b class="b3">hιλέϜοι</b> dat. (Lac., IG 5 : 1, 1562, VI-Va), <b class="b3">ἴλλαος</b> (Aeol., gramm.) [[merciful]], [[benevolent]]; Arc. [[appeased]]; denomin. verb <b class="b3">ἱλαόομαι</b> (<b class="b3">ΜΑΜΑ</b> 1, 230), <b class="b3">ἱλεῶμαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἱλεόομαι</b> (A. Supp. 117 [lyr.], Pl.; cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 324f.) [[appease]] with <b class="b3">ἱλέωσις</b> (Plu.), <b class="b3">ἱλεωτήριον</b> (Phot., Suid.). 2. <b class="b3">ἱλαρός</b> [[clear]], [[glad]], also = <b class="b3">ἵλεως</b> (Ar., X.) with <b class="b3">ἱλαρότης</b>, <b class="b3">ἱλαρία</b>, <b class="b3">ἱλαρόω</b>, <b class="b3">-ρύνω</b>, <b class="b3">-ρεύομαι</b> (hell.); Lat. loan [[hilarus]], <b class="b2">-is</b>. 3. <b class="b3">ἰλλάεις</b>, <b class="b3">-εντος</b> (Alc.), <b class="b3">ἱλᾶς</b>, <b class="b3">-ᾶντος</b> (Hdn. Gr., H.) = <b class="b3">ἴλλαος</b>, <b class="b3">ἵλαος</b> and lengthened (cf. Schwyzer 527). 4. <b class="b3">ἱλάειρα</b> f. of <b class="b3">φλόξ</b> and <b class="b3">σελήνη</b> (Emp.; quantity changing, cf. below), also <b class="b3">ἑλάειρα</b> (sch., Steph. Byz.) and <b class="b3">ΕΛΕΡΑ</b> (Kretschmer Vas. 208; s. also Schulze Kl. Schr. 716), innovation after <b class="b3">πίειρα</b>, <b class="b3">κτεάτειρα</b>, <b class="b3">Δάειρα</b> etc., Chantr. Form. 104, Schwyzer 543.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [900] <b class="b2">*selh₂-</b> <b class="b2">make favourable</b><br />Etymology: Decisive for the interpretation of these forms is the Aeol. imperative <b class="b3">ἔλλαθι</b>, <b class="b3">ἔλλατε</b>, for <b class="b3">*σε-σλα-θι</b>, <b class="b3">-τε</b> and so like <b class="b3">τέ-τλα-θι</b>, <b class="b3">ἕ-στα-θι</b>, <b class="b3">δείδιθι</b> = <b class="b3">δέ-δϜι-θι</b> to be seen as a perfect form. Die metrisch feststellbare Länge des <b class="b3">α</b> in <b class="b3">ἔλλαθι</b> bei B. 10, 8 muß wie in <b class="b3">ἵλαος</b> (s. unten) sekundär sein. The agreeing IA <b class="b3">*εἵλαθι</b>, of which the reduplication was no longer recognizable, was after <b class="b3">φάνηθι</b> etc. replaced by <b class="b3">εἵληθι ἵλεως γίνου</b> H. Another center of the formations was the reduplicated present <b class="b3">ἱλάσκομαι</b> < <b class="b3">*σι-σλά-σκομαι</b>, of which the anlauting vowel-length was introduced in other forms: perf. subj. and opt. <b class="b3">ἱλήκῃσι</b>, <b class="b3">ἱλήκοι</b> for <b class="b3">*εἱλ-</b> (ind. <b class="b3">*εἵληκα</b> like <b class="b3">εἴρηκα</b>, <b class="b3">τέ-τλη-κα</b>), perh. also in <b class="b3">ἵλαθι</b>, <b class="b3">-τε</b> and Hom. <b class="b3">ἵληθι</b> (cf. <b class="b3">εἵληθι</b> H.), (or from <b class="b3">*σι-σλη-θι</b>). Also in the aorist- and future-forms <b class="b3">ἱλάσ(σ)ασθαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἱλάξασθαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἱλάσσομαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἱλάξομαι</b> the length was introduced; beside it there is short in <b class="b3">ἱλάσσεαι</b> (Α 147), <b class="b3">ἱλασσάμενοι</b> (Α 100), <b class="b3">ἵλαμαι</b> (h. Hom.; but <b class="b3">ἵλασθαι</b> Orph.), <b class="b3">ἱλάομαι</b>, also in <b class="b3">ἱλαρός</b> and <b class="b3">ἱλάειρα</b> (Emp. 85). The short <b class="b3">ι-</b> which is ununderstandable, may replace the <b class="b3">ε-</b> (<b class="b3">ἑλάειρα</b> [s. above], <b class="b3">*ἕλαμαι</b>, <b class="b3">*ἑλαρός</b>) after <b class="b3">ἱλάσκομαι</b>. - Also <b class="b3">ἵληϜος</b>, <b class="b3">ἵλεως</b>, <b class="b3">ἵλαος</b> from reduplicated <b class="b3">*σι-σλη-</b>, <b class="b3">σι-σλα-</b>. The old ablaut <b class="b2">selǝ-</b> : <b class="b2">sleh₁-</b> : <b class="b2">slǝ-</b> (cf. <b class="b2">telǝ-</b> : <b class="b2">tlā-</b> : <b class="b2">tlǝ-</b> in <b class="b3">τελα-μών</b> : <b class="b3">ἔ-τλα-ν</b> : <b class="b3">τέ-τλα-θι</b>) of which <b class="b2">sla-</b> is analog. - More on the Greek forms (after Froehde a. a. O., Solmsen KZ 29, 350f., Schulze Q. 466f., Bechtel Lex. 175ff., Wackernagel Unt. 81) in Schwyzer 281, 681, 689 w. n. 2, 710, 800 etc., Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 13; 22; 299; 427 etc. - Fundamental is Klingenschmitt, MSS 28 (1970) 75-88, who showed that Arm. <b class="b2">aɫač`em</b> [[pray]] < <b class="b2">*slh₂-ske\/o-</b> is the closest relative. The Greek form goes back on <b class="b2">*si-slh₂-ske\/o-</b>; the aorist would have been <b class="b2">*selh₂-s-</b> of which the initial has been influenced by the present.

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