3,277,300
edits
πράσσω: Difference between revisions
From LSJ
1b
(2b) |
(1b) |
||
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to pass through, to travel</b> (only ep.), <b class="b2">to finish, to accomplish, to do, to exact</b>, intr. <b class="b2">to come to an end, to succeed, to act</b>.<br />Other forms: Att. <b class="b3">-ττω</b>, Cret. <b class="b3">-δδω</b>, ep. Ion. <b class="b3">πρήσσω</b>, fut. <b class="b3">πράξω</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ήξή</b>, aor. <b class="b3">πρα̃ξαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆξαι</b> (all Il.), pass. <b class="b3">πραχθῆναι</b> (S., Th.), perf. <b class="b3">πέπραγα</b>, <b class="b3">-ηγα</b> (Pi., Hdt.), <b class="b3">-αχα</b>, <b class="b3">-ηχα</b> (Att., Hdt.), pass. <b class="b3">πέπραγμαι</b> (A.).<br />Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">εἰσ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>. Compounds, e.g. <b class="b3">εὑ-</b>, <b class="b3">κακο-πραγ-ία</b> f. [[prosperity]], [[success]], resp. [[accident]], [[misfortune]] (Pi., Att.) with <b class="b3">εὑ-</b>, <b class="b3">κακο-πραγ-έω</b> (Att.); anal. <b class="b3">δυσ-</b>, <b class="b3">κακο-πραγής</b> (Vett. Val., H., not from <b class="b3">πρᾶγος</b>); also <b class="b3">εὑ-πραξ-ία</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-πρηξ-ίη</b> f., after <b class="b3">πρᾶξις</b>, <b class="b3">πρᾶξαι</b>.<br />Derivatives: (Compact survey). Nom. actionis : 1. <b class="b3">πρᾶξις</b>, <b class="b3">πρῆξις</b> (also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b> a.o.) f. <b class="b2">realisation, accomplishment, advancement, act, exaction</b> (Il.) with <b class="b3">πραξ-είδιον</b> n. dimin. (EM), <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> [[realisable]] (Cyprus II-IIIp), [[recoverable]] (Delos I-IIp), also <b class="b3">πράκτιμος</b> (from Dor. <b class="b3">*πρᾶκτις</b> or after <b class="b3">πρακτι-κός</b>?) <b class="b2">liable to a money-penalty</b> (Delphi IIa). Further, with formation after the adj. abstr. (cf. Schwyzer 468 f.), the compp. <b class="b3">προ-πραξ-ία</b> f. <b class="b2">precedence in negotiation</b> (Acarnan. inscr. V-IVa), <b class="b3">ὑπερ-πράξ-ιον</b> n. <b class="b2">over-exaction, blackmailing</b> (Mylasa Vp); cf. also 10. below. -- 2. <b class="b3">πρᾶγμα</b> (posthom.), Ion. <b class="b3">πρῆχμα</b> (< <b class="b3">-κσμ-</b>; inscr.), <b class="b3">πρῆγμα</b> (Hdt.; for <b class="b3">πρῆχμα</b>?, s. Schulze Festschr. Kretschmer 217 ff. = Kl. Schr. 409ff.) n. <b class="b2">performed act, fact, business</b>, pl. <b class="b2">facts, state affairs etc.</b>; as 2. member in <b class="b3">ἀ-</b>, <b class="b3">πολυ-πράγμων</b> etc.; from this <b class="b3">πραγμά-τιον</b>, <b class="b3">-τικός</b>, <b class="b3">-τίας</b>, <b class="b3">-τᾶς</b>, <b class="b3">-τώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-τεύομαι</b> with <b class="b3">-τευμα</b>, <b class="b3">-τεία</b>, <b class="b3">-τειώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-τευτής</b>, <b class="b3">-τευ-τικός</b>. -- 3. <b class="b3">πρᾶγος</b> n. poet. replacement for the worn out <b class="b3">πρᾶγμα</b> (Pi., trag.; Schwyzer 512). -- 4. <b class="b3">πρακτύς</b> Dor. = <b class="b3">πρᾶξις</b> (EM). -- Nom. agentis : 5. <b class="b3">πρακτήρ</b>, <b class="b3">πρηκτήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆρος</b> m. [[executor]], [[tradesman]] (Hom.), [[exactor]] (hell.) with <b class="b3">-τήριος</b> [[effective]], [[decisive]] (A.). -- 6. <b class="b3">πράκτωρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ορος</b> m. [[executor]], [[avenger]] (A., S., Antiph.), <b class="b2">exactor, tax official</b> (Att., pap.) with <b class="b3">-τορ-ικός</b>, <b class="b3">-ειος</b>, <b class="b3">-εύω</b> with <b class="b3">-εῖον</b>, <b class="b3">-εία</b> (<b class="b3">-ία</b>?); on the meaning of <b class="b3">πράκτωρ</b> Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 220f., 2, 8 f. a. 49 f., Benveniste Noms d'agent 32; attempt to a semant. differentiation of <b class="b3">πρακτήρ</b> and <b class="b3">πράκτωρ</b> ibd. 47. --7. <b class="b3">εἰσ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-πράκτης</b> m. <b class="b2">collector, tax official</b> (Aq.). -- 8. <b class="b3">πρηξών</b> = <b class="b3">ἀγοραῖος</b>, i.e. [[notary]] (Sicil.; Theognost.); prob. from <b class="b3">πρῆξις</b> (Schwyzer 517). -- 9. Adj. <b class="b3">πρακτικός</b> <b class="b2">concerning action, skilled, practical</b> (Att.; Chantraine Études 140).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [817] <b class="b2">*perh₂-</b> [[sell]]<br />Etymology: All forms go back on a common stem <b class="b3">πρακ-</b> (analog. <b class="b3">πραγ-</b>; Schwyzer 715), which is a <b class="b3">κ-</b>enlargement of the zero grade <b class="b3">πρα-</b> in <b class="b3">πρα-θῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">πέ-πρα-μαι</b>, <b class="b3">πι-πρά-σκομαι</b> etc. (s. [[πέρνημι]]) with further connection with [[πέρα]], [[πείρω]] (s. vv.) etc. The function of the velar (cf. <b class="b3">πλήσσω</b> : <b class="b3">πλη-γ-ή</b>, <b class="b3">τμή-γ-ω</b> : <b class="b3">τέμ-ν-ω</b>, <b class="b3">τέμα-χος</b> a.o.) can be designated as terminative (Schwyzer 702 w. n. 5 a. lit.). Assuming a nominal <b class="b3">*πρακ-</b> (Schw. 496) is superfluous and unconvincing. For the primary character of <b class="b3">πράσσω</b>, <b class="b3">πρᾶξαι</b> tell also the old deriv. <b class="b3">πρᾶξις</b>, <b class="b3">πρῆξις</b>; on this Schw. 505 (where n. 6 is reckoned with a "derived <b class="b3">πρήσσω</b>"). -- On meaning and use of <b class="b3">πράσσω</b> s. Snell Phil. 85, 141 ff., Braun Stud. itfilcl. N. S. 15, 243ff. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to pass through, to travel</b> (only ep.), <b class="b2">to finish, to accomplish, to do, to exact</b>, intr. <b class="b2">to come to an end, to succeed, to act</b>.<br />Other forms: Att. <b class="b3">-ττω</b>, Cret. <b class="b3">-δδω</b>, ep. Ion. <b class="b3">πρήσσω</b>, fut. <b class="b3">πράξω</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ήξή</b>, aor. <b class="b3">πρα̃ξαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆξαι</b> (all Il.), pass. <b class="b3">πραχθῆναι</b> (S., Th.), perf. <b class="b3">πέπραγα</b>, <b class="b3">-ηγα</b> (Pi., Hdt.), <b class="b3">-αχα</b>, <b class="b3">-ηχα</b> (Att., Hdt.), pass. <b class="b3">πέπραγμαι</b> (A.).<br />Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">εἰσ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>. Compounds, e.g. <b class="b3">εὑ-</b>, <b class="b3">κακο-πραγ-ία</b> f. [[prosperity]], [[success]], resp. [[accident]], [[misfortune]] (Pi., Att.) with <b class="b3">εὑ-</b>, <b class="b3">κακο-πραγ-έω</b> (Att.); anal. <b class="b3">δυσ-</b>, <b class="b3">κακο-πραγής</b> (Vett. Val., H., not from <b class="b3">πρᾶγος</b>); also <b class="b3">εὑ-πραξ-ία</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-πρηξ-ίη</b> f., after <b class="b3">πρᾶξις</b>, <b class="b3">πρᾶξαι</b>.<br />Derivatives: (Compact survey). Nom. actionis : 1. <b class="b3">πρᾶξις</b>, <b class="b3">πρῆξις</b> (also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b> a.o.) f. <b class="b2">realisation, accomplishment, advancement, act, exaction</b> (Il.) with <b class="b3">πραξ-είδιον</b> n. dimin. (EM), <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> [[realisable]] (Cyprus II-IIIp), [[recoverable]] (Delos I-IIp), also <b class="b3">πράκτιμος</b> (from Dor. <b class="b3">*πρᾶκτις</b> or after <b class="b3">πρακτι-κός</b>?) <b class="b2">liable to a money-penalty</b> (Delphi IIa). Further, with formation after the adj. abstr. (cf. Schwyzer 468 f.), the compp. <b class="b3">προ-πραξ-ία</b> f. <b class="b2">precedence in negotiation</b> (Acarnan. inscr. V-IVa), <b class="b3">ὑπερ-πράξ-ιον</b> n. <b class="b2">over-exaction, blackmailing</b> (Mylasa Vp); cf. also 10. below. -- 2. <b class="b3">πρᾶγμα</b> (posthom.), Ion. <b class="b3">πρῆχμα</b> (< <b class="b3">-κσμ-</b>; inscr.), <b class="b3">πρῆγμα</b> (Hdt.; for <b class="b3">πρῆχμα</b>?, s. Schulze Festschr. Kretschmer 217 ff. = Kl. Schr. 409ff.) n. <b class="b2">performed act, fact, business</b>, pl. <b class="b2">facts, state affairs etc.</b>; as 2. member in <b class="b3">ἀ-</b>, <b class="b3">πολυ-πράγμων</b> etc.; from this <b class="b3">πραγμά-τιον</b>, <b class="b3">-τικός</b>, <b class="b3">-τίας</b>, <b class="b3">-τᾶς</b>, <b class="b3">-τώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-τεύομαι</b> with <b class="b3">-τευμα</b>, <b class="b3">-τεία</b>, <b class="b3">-τειώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-τευτής</b>, <b class="b3">-τευ-τικός</b>. -- 3. <b class="b3">πρᾶγος</b> n. poet. replacement for the worn out <b class="b3">πρᾶγμα</b> (Pi., trag.; Schwyzer 512). -- 4. <b class="b3">πρακτύς</b> Dor. = <b class="b3">πρᾶξις</b> (EM). -- Nom. agentis : 5. <b class="b3">πρακτήρ</b>, <b class="b3">πρηκτήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆρος</b> m. [[executor]], [[tradesman]] (Hom.), [[exactor]] (hell.) with <b class="b3">-τήριος</b> [[effective]], [[decisive]] (A.). -- 6. <b class="b3">πράκτωρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ορος</b> m. [[executor]], [[avenger]] (A., S., Antiph.), <b class="b2">exactor, tax official</b> (Att., pap.) with <b class="b3">-τορ-ικός</b>, <b class="b3">-ειος</b>, <b class="b3">-εύω</b> with <b class="b3">-εῖον</b>, <b class="b3">-εία</b> (<b class="b3">-ία</b>?); on the meaning of <b class="b3">πράκτωρ</b> Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 220f., 2, 8 f. a. 49 f., Benveniste Noms d'agent 32; attempt to a semant. differentiation of <b class="b3">πρακτήρ</b> and <b class="b3">πράκτωρ</b> ibd. 47. --7. <b class="b3">εἰσ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-πράκτης</b> m. <b class="b2">collector, tax official</b> (Aq.). -- 8. <b class="b3">πρηξών</b> = <b class="b3">ἀγοραῖος</b>, i.e. [[notary]] (Sicil.; Theognost.); prob. from <b class="b3">πρῆξις</b> (Schwyzer 517). -- 9. Adj. <b class="b3">πρακτικός</b> <b class="b2">concerning action, skilled, practical</b> (Att.; Chantraine Études 140).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [817] <b class="b2">*perh₂-</b> [[sell]]<br />Etymology: All forms go back on a common stem <b class="b3">πρακ-</b> (analog. <b class="b3">πραγ-</b>; Schwyzer 715), which is a <b class="b3">κ-</b>enlargement of the zero grade <b class="b3">πρα-</b> in <b class="b3">πρα-θῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">πέ-πρα-μαι</b>, <b class="b3">πι-πρά-σκομαι</b> etc. (s. [[πέρνημι]]) with further connection with [[πέρα]], [[πείρω]] (s. vv.) etc. The function of the velar (cf. <b class="b3">πλήσσω</b> : <b class="b3">πλη-γ-ή</b>, <b class="b3">τμή-γ-ω</b> : <b class="b3">τέμ-ν-ω</b>, <b class="b3">τέμα-χος</b> a.o.) can be designated as terminative (Schwyzer 702 w. n. 5 a. lit.). Assuming a nominal <b class="b3">*πρακ-</b> (Schw. 496) is superfluous and unconvincing. For the primary character of <b class="b3">πράσσω</b>, <b class="b3">πρᾶξαι</b> tell also the old deriv. <b class="b3">πρᾶξις</b>, <b class="b3">πρῆξις</b>; on this Schw. 505 (where n. 6 is reckoned with a "derived <b class="b3">πρήσσω</b>"). -- On meaning and use of <b class="b3">πράσσω</b> s. Snell Phil. 85, 141 ff., Braun Stud. itfilcl. N. S. 15, 243ff. | ||
}} | |||
{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=<br /><b class="num">I.</b> to [[pass]] [[over]], ἅλα πρήσσοντες Od.; πρ. κέλευθον to [[accomplish]] a [[journey]], Hom.; also c. gen., ἵνα πρήσσωμεν ὁδοῖο Il.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to [[achieve]], [[bring]] [[about]], [[effect]], [[accomplish]], Il.; [[οὔτι]] πρ. to [[avail]] [[naught]], Il.; πρ. δεσμόν to [[cause]] one's [[bondage]], [[bring]] it on [[oneself]], Pind.; πρ. [[ὥστε]], Lat. efficere ut, Aesch.: —Pass., πέπρακται [[τοὖργον]] Aesch.; τὰ πεπραγμένα, Lat. [[acta]], Pind., [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">2.</b> absol. to [[effect]] an [[object]], be [[successful]], Hom.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> to make so and so (cf. [[ποιέω]] III), Νηρηίδων τινὰ πρ. ἄκοιτιν Pind.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> to [[have]] to do, be [[busy]] with, τὰ [[ἑαυτοῦ]] πράττειν to [[mind]] one's own [[business]], Soph., etc.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> πράττειν τὰ πολιτικά, τὰ τῆς πόλεως to [[manage]] [[state]]-affairs, [[take]] [[part]] in the [[government]], Plat.:—then, absol., without any [[addition]], ἱκανὸς πράττειν, of a [[statesman]], Xen.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> [[generally]], to [[transact]], [[negotiate]], [[manage]], πρ. Θηβαίοις τὰ πράγματα to [[manage]] matters for [[their]] [[interest]], Dem.; and in Pass., τῶι Ἱπποκράτει τὰ πράγματα ἐπράττετο matters were negotiated with him, Thuc.;—but τὰ πράγματα may be omitted, οἱ πράσσοντες αὐτῶι those who were treating with him, Dem.; so, πράσσειν πρός τινα Dem.; ἔς τινα Dem.; also, πρ. περὶ εἰρήνης Xen.; οἱ πράσσοντες the traitors, Thuc.; also, πρ. [[ὅπως]] [[πόλεμος]] γένηται Thuc.; c. acc. et inf., τὴν ναῦν μὴ [[δεῦρο]] [[πλεῖν]] ἔπραττεν Dem.:—Pass., of [[secret]] practices, [[εἰ μή]] τι σὺν ἀργύρωι ἐπράσσετο [[unless]] [[some]] [[bribery]] was a-practising, Soph.; ἐπράσσετο προδόσιος [[πέρι]] Thuc.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> to [[practise]], Lat. agere, ἀρετάς Pind.; δίκαια ἢ ἄδικα Plat.: absol. to act, Plat., etc.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> intr. to be in a [[certain]] [[state]] or [[condition]], to do or [[fare]] so and so, ὁ [[στόλος]] [[οὕτω]] ἔπρηξε Hdt., etc.; εὖ or [[κακῶς]] πράττειν to do or [[fare]] well or ill, Hdt., etc.; πρ. [[καλῶς]] Aesch.; [[εὐτυχῶς]] Soph.; πρ. ὡς ἄριστα καὶ [[κάλλιστα]] Thuc.; the perf. 2 πέπρᾱγα is [[mostly]] used in [[this]] [[sense]], Hdt., Ar., etc.<br /><b class="num">V.</b> c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, πράττειν τινά τι to do [[something]] to one, Eur., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> πράττειν τινὰ [[ἀργύριον]] to [[exact]] [[money]] from one, Hdt.: often in [[attic]], of [[state]] officers, who [[collected]] the taxes (cf. [[εἰσπράσσω]], [[ἐκπράσσω]] III), Plat., etc.; also, πρ. τι [[παρά]] τινος to [[obtain]] or [[demand]] from [[another]], Hdt.:—metaph., φόνον πρ. to [[exact]] [[punishment]] for [[murder]], to [[avenge]], [[punish]], Aesch.:—Pass., πεπραγμένος τὸν [[φόρον]] called on to pay up the [[tribute]], Thuc.:—Mid., πράξασθαί τινα [[ἀργύριον]], χρήματα, μισθόν, τόκους to [[exact]] for [[oneself]], Hdt., etc.; φόρους πράσσεσθαι ἀπό or ἐκ τῶν [[πόλεων]] Thuc.:—perf. and plup. [[pass]]. are used in mid. [[sense]], εἰ μὲν ἐπεπράγμην τοῦτον τὴν [[δίκην]] if I had exacted from him the [[full]] [[amount]], Dem. | |||
}} | }} | ||
