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ποιέω: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to do, to make, to produce, to poetize, to act</b>, in midd. also <b class="b2">to choose, to deem, to appraise</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">ποιῆσαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">ποιήσω</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">πεποίημαι</b> (all Il.), act. <b class="b3">πεποίηκα</b>, aor. pass. <b class="b3">ποιηθῆναι</b> (IA.), fut. <b class="b3">ποιηθήσομαι</b> (D.), <b class="b3">πεποιήσομαι</b> (Hp.).<br />Compounds: Often w. prefix in diff. senses, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>. As 2. member <b class="b3">-ποιός</b> in unlimited productive syntheta, e.g. <b class="b3">λογοποιός</b> m. [[historian]], [[fabulist]], [[newsmonger]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">λογοποι-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b>, <b class="b3">-ημα</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ποίημα</b> (<b class="b3">προσ-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>) n. [[production]], [[work]], [[poem]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ημάτιον</b> (Plu.), <b class="b3">-ηματικός</b> [[poetic]] (Plu.); 2. <b class="b3">ποίησις</b> (<b class="b3">προσ-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> a.o.) f. [[creation]], [[production]], [[poetry]] (IA.); on the meaning of <b class="b3">ποί-ημα</b>, <b class="b3">-ησις</b> Ardizzoni Riv. fil. class. 90, 225 ff.. Chantraine Form. 287. 3. <b class="b3">ποιητός</b> (<b class="b3">προσ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> etc.) [[made]], [[produced]] (Il.), also <b class="b2">made artificially, not naturally</b> = [[adopted]] (Pl., Arist.); Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 19 f. 4. <b class="b3">ποιητής</b> m. (IA.), f. <b class="b3">-ήτρια</b> (hell.), [[creator]], [[producer]], [[poet]], esp. of Homer, with <b class="b3">-ητικός</b> [[creating]], [[poetic]], <b class="b3">ἡ -ητική</b> (<b class="b3">τέχνη</b>) <b class="b2">the art of poetry</b> (Pl., Arist.), <b class="b3">-ητικεύομαι</b> <b class="b2">to speak poetically etc.</b> (Eust., sch.). 5. <b class="b3">ποιησείω</b> desid. <b class="b2">to wish to do</b> (Hdn.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Decisive for the morphological evaluation of <b class="b3">ποιέω</b> are some dialectic aorist-forms: Arg. <b class="b3">ποιϜέσανς</b>, <b class="b3">ἐποίϜεhε</b>, <b class="b3">ἐποιϜέθ</b>ε, Boeot. <b class="b3">ἐποίϜεσε</b>, to which pres. opt. El. [<b class="b3">πο]ιϜέοι</b> (beside repeated <b class="b3">ποιέοι</b>). Acc. to usual interpretation (lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 510) <b class="b3">ποιϜέω</b> is derived from a noun <b class="b3">*ποιϜός</b>, which would be found in <b class="b3">ἀρτο-ποιός</b> a.o. An independent noun <b class="b3">*ποιϜός</b> cannot however be deduced from the 2. member, as the relevant adjectives seems recent and may have been derived from the verbal expressions (<b class="b3">τοξοφόρ-ος</b> : <b class="b3">τόξον φέρειν</b>, <b class="b3">λογογράφ-ος</b> : <b class="b3">λόγον γράφειν</b> etc.). One might think that in the simplex we have a compound of <b class="b3">-ποιέω</b> that was made independent (Schwyzer 726 n. 7). -- The general meaning [[make]], [[create]] may have arisen from the most different concrete special meanings. Nothing forbids to connect a verbal noun <b class="b3">*ποι-Ϝός</b> with <b class="b2">u̯o-</b>suffix (Schwyzer 472) with a verb <b class="b2">heap, accumulate, fit together</b>, which is preserved in Indo-Iran., e.g. Skt. <b class="b2">cinóti</b>, and also has representatives in Slav., e.g. OCS [[činъ]] <b class="b3">τάξις</b>' with [[činiti]] [[order]], [[form]]; IE <b class="b2">kʷei-</b> (WP. 1, 509f., Pok. 637f.). It is however obvious to combine, the <b class="b2">u̯-</b>element in <b class="b3">*ποιϜός</b> with the <b class="b2">u̯-</b>element in <b class="b2">cinóti</b> : so <b class="b3">ποιϜέω</b> from <b class="b2">*kʷoi̯-u̯-éi̯ō</b> beside <b class="b2">cinóti</b> from <b class="b2">*kʷi-n-éu̯-ti</b> approx. as Goth. [[straujan]] 'strew' from <b class="b2">*strou̯-éi̯ō</b> beside Skt. <b class="b2">str̥ṇóti</b> [[strew]] from <b class="b2">*str̥-n-éu̯-ti</b> (s. <b class="b3">στόρνυμι</b>) or Goth. <b class="b2">-walwjan</b> [[revolve]] beside Skt. <b class="b2">vr̥ṇóti</b> [[envelop]] and <b class="b3">εἰλύω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (<b class="b2">*u̯ol-u-éi̯ō</b> : <b class="b2">*u̯l-n-éu̯-ti</b>). In such an analysis <b class="b3">ποιέω</b> would appear like Goth. [[straujan]], [[walwjan]] as an iterative deverbative and one would be liberated from the not quite reliable noun <b class="b3">*ποιϜός</b> . Of course the syntheta in <b class="b3">-ποιός</b> can then be connected with a primares verb (<b class="b3">δρυ-τόμ-ος</b> : <b class="b3">δόρυ τάμνειν</b>). -- On the meaning of <b class="b3">ποιέω</b> and other verba faciendi cf. Braun Stud. itfllcl. N. S. 15, 243 ff.; also Valesio Quaderni dell'Istituto di Glottologia (Bologna) 5 (1960) 97 ff. Cf. also the lit. on <b class="b3">δράω</b> and [[πράσσω]]. Older lit. in Bq. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to do, to make, to produce, to poetize, to act</b>, in midd. also <b class="b2">to choose, to deem, to appraise</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">ποιῆσαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">ποιήσω</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">πεποίημαι</b> (all Il.), act. <b class="b3">πεποίηκα</b>, aor. pass. <b class="b3">ποιηθῆναι</b> (IA.), fut. <b class="b3">ποιηθήσομαι</b> (D.), <b class="b3">πεποιήσομαι</b> (Hp.).<br />Compounds: Often w. prefix in diff. senses, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>. As 2. member <b class="b3">-ποιός</b> in unlimited productive syntheta, e.g. <b class="b3">λογοποιός</b> m. [[historian]], [[fabulist]], [[newsmonger]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">λογοποι-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b>, <b class="b3">-ημα</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ποίημα</b> (<b class="b3">προσ-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>) n. [[production]], [[work]], [[poem]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ημάτιον</b> (Plu.), <b class="b3">-ηματικός</b> [[poetic]] (Plu.); 2. <b class="b3">ποίησις</b> (<b class="b3">προσ-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> a.o.) f. [[creation]], [[production]], [[poetry]] (IA.); on the meaning of <b class="b3">ποί-ημα</b>, <b class="b3">-ησις</b> Ardizzoni Riv. fil. class. 90, 225 ff.. Chantraine Form. 287. 3. <b class="b3">ποιητός</b> (<b class="b3">προσ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> etc.) [[made]], [[produced]] (Il.), also <b class="b2">made artificially, not naturally</b> = [[adopted]] (Pl., Arist.); Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 19 f. 4. <b class="b3">ποιητής</b> m. (IA.), f. <b class="b3">-ήτρια</b> (hell.), [[creator]], [[producer]], [[poet]], esp. of Homer, with <b class="b3">-ητικός</b> [[creating]], [[poetic]], <b class="b3">ἡ -ητική</b> (<b class="b3">τέχνη</b>) <b class="b2">the art of poetry</b> (Pl., Arist.), <b class="b3">-ητικεύομαι</b> <b class="b2">to speak poetically etc.</b> (Eust., sch.). 5. <b class="b3">ποιησείω</b> desid. <b class="b2">to wish to do</b> (Hdn.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Decisive for the morphological evaluation of <b class="b3">ποιέω</b> are some dialectic aorist-forms: Arg. <b class="b3">ποιϜέσανς</b>, <b class="b3">ἐποίϜεhε</b>, <b class="b3">ἐποιϜέθ</b>ε, Boeot. <b class="b3">ἐποίϜεσε</b>, to which pres. opt. El. [<b class="b3">πο]ιϜέοι</b> (beside repeated <b class="b3">ποιέοι</b>). Acc. to usual interpretation (lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 510) <b class="b3">ποιϜέω</b> is derived from a noun <b class="b3">*ποιϜός</b>, which would be found in <b class="b3">ἀρτο-ποιός</b> a.o. An independent noun <b class="b3">*ποιϜός</b> cannot however be deduced from the 2. member, as the relevant adjectives seems recent and may have been derived from the verbal expressions (<b class="b3">τοξοφόρ-ος</b> : <b class="b3">τόξον φέρειν</b>, <b class="b3">λογογράφ-ος</b> : <b class="b3">λόγον γράφειν</b> etc.). One might think that in the simplex we have a compound of <b class="b3">-ποιέω</b> that was made independent (Schwyzer 726 n. 7). -- The general meaning [[make]], [[create]] may have arisen from the most different concrete special meanings. Nothing forbids to connect a verbal noun <b class="b3">*ποι-Ϝός</b> with <b class="b2">u̯o-</b>suffix (Schwyzer 472) with a verb <b class="b2">heap, accumulate, fit together</b>, which is preserved in Indo-Iran., e.g. Skt. <b class="b2">cinóti</b>, and also has representatives in Slav., e.g. OCS [[činъ]] <b class="b3">τάξις</b>' with [[činiti]] [[order]], [[form]]; IE <b class="b2">kʷei-</b> (WP. 1, 509f., Pok. 637f.). It is however obvious to combine, the <b class="b2">u̯-</b>element in <b class="b3">*ποιϜός</b> with the <b class="b2">u̯-</b>element in <b class="b2">cinóti</b> : so <b class="b3">ποιϜέω</b> from <b class="b2">*kʷoi̯-u̯-éi̯ō</b> beside <b class="b2">cinóti</b> from <b class="b2">*kʷi-n-éu̯-ti</b> approx. as Goth. [[straujan]] 'strew' from <b class="b2">*strou̯-éi̯ō</b> beside Skt. <b class="b2">str̥ṇóti</b> [[strew]] from <b class="b2">*str̥-n-éu̯-ti</b> (s. <b class="b3">στόρνυμι</b>) or Goth. <b class="b2">-walwjan</b> [[revolve]] beside Skt. <b class="b2">vr̥ṇóti</b> [[envelop]] and <b class="b3">εἰλύω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (<b class="b2">*u̯ol-u-éi̯ō</b> : <b class="b2">*u̯l-n-éu̯-ti</b>). In such an analysis <b class="b3">ποιέω</b> would appear like Goth. [[straujan]], [[walwjan]] as an iterative deverbative and one would be liberated from the not quite reliable noun <b class="b3">*ποιϜός</b> . Of course the syntheta in <b class="b3">-ποιός</b> can then be connected with a primares verb (<b class="b3">δρυ-τόμ-ος</b> : <b class="b3">δόρυ τάμνειν</b>). -- On the meaning of <b class="b3">ποιέω</b> and other verba faciendi cf. Braun Stud. itfllcl. N. S. 15, 243 ff.; also Valesio Quaderni dell'Istituto di Glottologia (Bologna) 5 (1960) 97 ff. Cf. also the lit. on <b class="b3">δράω</b> and [[πράσσω]]. Older lit. in Bq. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[Att. Poets often use the penult. [[short]], as ποιῶ, ποιεῖν, etc., [[which]] are often written ποῶ, ποεῖν, etc., as in Lat. [[poeta]], [[poesis]].] [the [[perfect]] [[passive]] is also used in [[middle]] [[sense]]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> Used in two [[general]] senses, to make and to do.<br />A. to make, [[produce]], [[create]], in Hom. often of [[building]], π. [[δῶμα]], [[τεῖχος]], etc.; of [[smith]]'s [[work]], π. [[σάκος]] Il.; of works of art, Il., etc.; ποιεῖν τι ἀπὸ ξύλου to make [[something]] of [[wood]], Hdt.; π. πλοῖα ἐξ ἀκάνθης Hdt.; so, c. gen., π. νηὸν λίθου Hdt.; φοίνικος αἱ θύραι πεποιημέναι Xen.:—Mid., [[οἰκία]] ποιήσασθαι to [[build]] them houses, Il.; also, to [[have]] a [[thing]] made, get it made, Hdt., Dem.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> to make, [[create]], ἕτερον φίλιππον ποιήσετε Dem.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of Poets, to [[compose]], [[write]], (old English to make), Lat. carmina facere, Hdt., [[attic]]:—also, to make or [[represent]] in [[poetry]], [[Ὅμηρος]] Ἀχιλλέα πεποίηκε ἀμείνω Ὀδυσσέως Plat.: to [[describe]] in [[verse]], Plat.: to put [[into]] [[verse]], Plat.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> to [[bring]] to [[pass]], [[bring]] [[about]], [[cause]], Hom., etc.: c. acc. et inf. to [[cause]] or [[bring]] [[about]] that . . , Od., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of sacrifices, and the like, π. ἱρά, like ἕρδειν, Lat. [[sacra]] facere, Hdt., Xen., Thuc., etc.; π. [[Ἴσθμια]] to [[hold]] the Isthmian games, Xen.; π. ἐκκλησίαν (as we say, to make a [[house]]), Thuc.:—Mid. in [[same]] [[sense]], but implying [[indirect]] [[action]], ἀγορὴν ποιήσατο Il.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of war and [[peace]], πόλεμον ποιεῖν to [[cause]] a war, but, π. ποιεῖσθαι to make war (on one's own [[part]]), Xen.;—so, εἰρήνην π. to [[bring]] [[about]] a [[peace]] (for others); but, εἰρήνην ποιεῖσθαι to make [[peace]] (for [[oneself]]), etc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> the Mid. is often used periphr. with Nouns, ποιεῖσθαι ὁδοιπορίην for ὁδοιπορεῖν, π. πλόον for πλέειν, [[θαῦμα]] π. for θαυμάζειν, ὀργὴν π. for ὀργίζεσθαι, Hdt. etc.:— π. λόγον τινός to make [[account]] of . . , Hdt.; but, τοὺς λόγους π. to [[hold]] a [[conference]], Thuc.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> with an adj. as predic. to make so and so, ποιεῖν τινα ἄφρονα to make one [[senseless]], Od.; δῶρα ὄλβια ποιεῖν to make them blest, i. e. [[prosper]] them, Od.; π. τοὺς Μήδους ἀσθενεῖς Xen.:—so with a Subst., ποιεῖν τινα βασιλῆα Od.; Ἀθηναῖον π. τινα Thuc.:—Mid., ποιεῖσθαί τινα ἄλοχον or ἄκοιτιν to [[take]] her to [[oneself]] as [[wife]], Il.; ποιεῖσθαί τινα [[υἱόν]] to make him one's son, i. e. to [[adopt]] him as son (cf. [[εἰσποιέω]]), Il., [[attic]]:—also, [[ἑωυτοῦ]] ποιεῖσθαί τι to make a [[thing]] one's own, Hdt.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> to put, π. τι ἐνὶ φρεσί τινι Hom.; π. τι ἐπὶ νόον τινί Hdt.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> in war, π. τινας ὑπό τινι to [[bring]] under the [[power]] of . . , Dem.:—Mid., ποιεῖσθαι ὑπ' ἑωυτῶι Hdt.; ποιεῖσθαί τινας ἐς τὸ συμμαχικόν Hdt., etc.<br /><b class="num">V.</b> in Mid. to [[hold]], [[deem]], [[consider]], [[reckon]], [[esteem]] a [[thing]] as . . , συμφορὴν ποιεῖσθαί τι to [[take]] it for a [[visitation]], Hdt.; δεινὸν ποιεῖσθαί τι, Lat. [[aegre]] ferre, Hdt.; [[μέγα]] π., c. inf., to [[deem]] it a [[great]] [[matter]] that . . , Hdt.; οὐκ ἀνάσχετον π. τι Thuc., etc.:—often with Preps., δι' οὐδενὸς π. τι to [[hold]] as [[naught]], Soph.;—ἐν ἐλαφρῶι, ἐν ὁμοίωι π. Hdt.; ἐν σμικρῶι, ἐν ὀργῆι Dem.;—παρ' [[ὀλίγον]], παρ' οὐδὲν π. τι Xen.;—περὶ [[πολλοῦ]], περὶ πλείονος, περὶ πλείστου ποιεῖσθαί τι [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">VI.</b> to put the [[case]] [[assume]], that . . , Hdt., Xen.:—Pass., οἱ φιλοσοφώτατοι ποιούμενοι those who are reputed . . , Plat.<br /><b class="num">VII.</b> of [[Time]], οὐ π. χρόνον to make no [[long]] [[time]], i. e. not to [[delay]], Dem.; τὴν νύκτα ἐφ' ὅπλοις ποιεῖσθαι to [[spend]] it under [[arms]], Thuc.<br />B. to do, [[much]] like [[πράσσω]], Hom., etc.; οὐδὲν ἂν ὧν νυνὶ πεποίηκεν ἔπραξεν Dem.; Σπαρτιητικὰ ποιέειν to act like a Spartan, Hdt.; προσταχθὲν π. Soph., etc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> c. acc. dupl. to do [[something]] to [[another]], κακά or ἀγαθὰ ποιεῖν τινά Hdt., etc.; also εὖ, [[κακῶς]] π. τινά Xen., etc.:—also c. dat. pers., ἵππωι [[τἀναντία]] π. Xen.; so in Mid., φίλα ποιεῖσθαί τινι Hdt.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> with an adv., ὧδε ποίησον do [[thus]], Hdt.; ποίει [[ὅπως]] [[βούλει]] Xen.;—so with a partic., εὖ ἐποίησας ἀπικόμενος Hdt., etc.:— [[καλῶς]] ποιῶν is [[sometimes]] almost Adverbial, [[καλῶς]] ποιοῦντες πράττετε Dem.; εὖ ποιοῦν [[fortunately]], Dem.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> absol. to be doing, to do or act, ποιέειν ἢ [[παθέειν]] to do or [[have]] done to one, Hdt.:—of [[medicine]], to [[work]], [[operate]], Plat.; so, ἡ [[εὔνοια]] παρὰ πολὺ ἐποίει ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους [[good]]-[[will]] made [[greatly]] for the Lacedaemonians, Thuc.; so impers., ἐπὶ πολὺ ἐποίει τῆς δόξης τοῖς μὲν ἠπειρώταις [[εἶναι]] it was the [[general]] [[character]] of the one to be landsmen, etc., Thuc. | |||
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