οὖν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. and Dor. ὦν (the latter in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.82</span>, al., but <b class="b3">οὖν</b> in Hom. (v. infr.), <span class="bibl">B.18.29</span>,37, <span class="bibl">Cerc.4.18</span>, al.), Adv. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">certainly, in fact</b>, confirming something, freq. in contrast with something which is not confirmed, in Hom. only in combination with γε (v. <b class="b3">γοῦν</b>) <b class="b3">, γάρ, οὔτε</b> or <b class="b3">μήτε, ὡς, ἐπεί, μέν</b>, etc.: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">really</b>, <b class="b3">φημὶ γὰρ οὖν κατανεῦσαι . . Κρονίωνα</b> for I declare that Zeus did <b class="b2">really</b> promise... <span class="bibl">Il.2.350</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>309b</span>; <b class="b3">τόφρα γὰρ οὖν ἑπόμεσθα... ὄφρ'</b> for we followed them up to the <b class="b2">very</b> point, where... <span class="bibl">Il.11.754</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.232</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.123</span>; εἰ δ' οὖν τις ἀκτὶς ἡλίου νιν ἱστορεῖ . . ζῶντα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>676</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1042</span>; <b class="b3">ἐλέχθησαν λόγοι ἄπιστοι μὲν ἐνίοισι Ἑλλήνων, ἐλέχθησαν δ' ὦν</b> but they <b class="b2">really</b> were spoken, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.80</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.5</span>, <span class="bibl">6.82</span>; <b class="b3">Θηβαῖοι μὲν ταῦτα λέγουσι... Πλαταιῆς δ' οὐχ ὁμολογοῦσι... ἐκ δ' οὖν τῆς γῆς ἀνεχώρησαν</b> <b class="b2">at all events</b> they <b class="b2">did</b> return, <span class="bibl">Th.2.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.63</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>315e</span>; σωτηρίαν λεπτὴν μὲν... μόνην δ' οὖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>699b</span>; so <b class="b3">δ' οὖν</b> after a parenthesis; <b class="b3">εἰ δή τις ὑμῶν οὕτως ἔχει,—οὐκ ἀξιῶ μὲν γὰρ ἔγωγε,—εἰ δ' οὖν</b> but if he is so, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>34d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.76</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.3</span>; so <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὖν . . γε</b> but <b class="b2">at all events</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>84</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1305</span>; <b class="b3">ἔμπης οὖν ἐπιμεῖναι ἐς αὔριον</b> to stay nevertheless <b class="b2">at least</b> till tomorrow, <span class="bibl">Od.11.351</span>; <b class="b3">οὖν</b> concessive, <b class="b2">I grant you</b>, τάχ' οὖν τις ἄκων ἔσχε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>305</span>: in apodosi after <b class="b3">εἰ</b> or <b class="b3">ἐάν, εἰ καὶ σμικρά, ἀλλ' ὦν ἴση γε ἡ χάρις</b> . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.140</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">9.48</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>498</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>91b</span>, etc.: after <b class="b3">ἐπεί</b> and <b class="b3">ὡς, ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ πρῶτον ἀνέκραγον</b> but now that I have (emphat.) once spoken up, <span class="bibl">Od.14.467</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.226</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.333</span>; <b class="b3">Τληπόλεμος δ', ἐπεὶ οὖν τράφ' ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ, αὐτίκα . . κατέκτα</b> <b class="b2">when once</b>, i.e. as soon as, he had grown up, <span class="bibl">2.661</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.363</span>, <span class="bibl">16.394</span>, al.; <b class="b3">νεβροί, αἵ τ' ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔκαμον . . ἑστᾶσ'</b> which, <b class="b2">as soon as</b> they are tired, stand still, <span class="bibl">4.244</span>; to indicate that something foreshadowed has <b class="b2">actually</b> occurred, ἀγορήνδε καλέσσατο λαὸν Ἀχιλλεύς... οἱ δ' ἐπεὶ οὖν ἤγερθεν <span class="bibl">1.57</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.340</span>, al.: sts. <b class="b3">οὖν</b> after <b class="b3">ἐπεί</b> or <b class="b3">ὡς</b> has either no force or approaches signf. <span class="bibl">11</span> or <span class="bibl">111</span>, οἱ δ' ἐπεὶ οὖν παύσαντο πόνου <span class="bibl">Od.16.478</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">19.213</span>, <span class="bibl">251</span>, al.; τὸν δ' ὡς οὖν ἐνόησε <span class="bibl">Il.3.21</span>, al.; <b class="b3">οὔτ' οὖν... οὔτε .</b>. or <b class="b3">οὔτε... οὔτ' οὖν</b> . . both = <b class="b2">neither . . nor</b>, but preferred according as the first or second clause is to be marked by emphasis, cf. <span class="bibl">17.20</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.200</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.26</span>, with <span class="bibl">Od. 11.198s</span>q., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>90</span>, <span class="bibl">271</span>, etc.; so <b class="b3">εἰ... εἴτ' οὖν</b> . . if... or if... <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span> 140</span>; <b class="b3">εἴτ' οὖν, εἴτε μὴ γενήσεται</b> whether it shall be so, or no, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>149</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>491</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>560</span>; <b class="b3">ξεῖνος αἴτ' ὦν ἀστός</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">αἴτε ξ. αἴτ' ὦν ἀ</b>., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.78</span>; and doubled, εἴτ' οὖν ἀληθὲς εἴτ' οὖν ψεῦδος <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ap.</span>34e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>683</span>: so also in parenth. Relat. clauses, <b class="b3">ἢ σῖγ', ἀτίμως, ὥσπερ οὖν ἀπώλετο πατήρ</b> <b class="b2">even</b> as, <b class="b2">just</b> as, ib.<span class="bibl">96</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">888</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> 1307</span> (v.l.); <b class="b3">εἰ δ' ἔστιν, ὥσπερ οὖν ἔστι, θεός</b> if he is, as he <b class="b2">in fact</b> is, a god, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>242e</span>; οὗτος μὲν οἴεταί τι εἰδέναι οὐκ εἰδώς, ἐγὼ δέ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ οἶδα, οὐδὲ οἴομαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>21d</span>: for <b class="b3">γὰρ οὖν</b>, v. [[γάρ]] A. 11.5; for <b class="b3">μὲν οὖν</b>, v. [[μέν]] <span class="bibl">B. 11.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> added to indef. Prons. and Advbs., like Lat. <b class="b2">cunque</b>, <b class="b3">ὅστις</b> <b class="b2">whoever</b>, <b class="b3">ὁστισοῦν</b> <b class="b2">whosoever</b>; <b class="b3">ὅπως</b> <b class="b2">how</b>, <b class="b3">ὁπωσοῦν</b> <b class="b2">howsoever</b>; <b class="b3">ἄλλος ὁστισοῦν</b> another, <b class="b2">be he who he may</b>; so <b class="b3">ὁποιοσοῦν, ὁποιοστισοῦν, ὁποσοσοῦν, ὁπωσδηποτοῦν, ὁπητιοῦν, ὁποθενοῦν</b>, etc., v. sub vocc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> to continue a narrative, <b class="b2">so, then</b>, καὶ τὰ μὲν οὖν . . θῆκαν <span class="bibl">Od.13.122</span>; <b class="b3">ὅτ' οὖν</b> since, <b class="b2">then</b>,... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>170</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>38</span>, <span class="bibl">1318</span>; <b class="b3">ζεῖ οὖν ἐν τούτῳ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>251c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>322b</span>; εὐθὺς οὖν ὁ Κῦρος εἶπεν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.1.22</span>: in Hdt. and Att., <b class="b3">μὲν οὖν</b> (q.v.) is very common in this sense; so δ' οὖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>34</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>114</span>; <b class="b3">οὖν</b> is also used alone merely to resume after a parenth. or long protasis, <b class="b2">well, as I was saying</b>, <b class="b3">ὦ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, χρήσαντος τοῦ θεοῦ... ὑμεας γὰρ πυνθάνομαι προεστάναι...—ὑμέας ὦν . . προσκαλέομαι</b> . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.69</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.75</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>29d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>201d</span>, etc.: Hdt. so uses <b class="b3">ὦν</b> after a short protasis, <span class="bibl">1.144</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ὦν</b> is freq. inserted by Hdt. (sts. without any discernible meaning) between the Prep. and its Verb (but only, it seems, in narrative with the aor., which is always the aor. of habitual action exc. in <span class="bibl">2.172</span>), <b class="b3">ἐπεὰν δὲ ταῦτα ποιήσωσι, ἀπ' ὦν ἔδωκαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">87</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ ἔπειτα ἀπ' ὦν ἔδωκαν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">88</span>: after a part., <b class="b3">οἱ δὲ φέροντες ἐς τὴν ἀγορήν, ἀπ' ὦν ἔδοντο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">39</span>; <b class="b3">κατευξάμενοι, κοιλίην μὲν κείνην πᾶσαν ἐξ ὦν εἶλον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">40</span>; <b class="b3">ἤν τις ψαύσῃ... αὐτοῖσι τοῖσι ἱματίοισι ἀπ' ὦν ἔβαψε ἑωυτόν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">47</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦτον κατ' ὦν κόψας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">172</span>; so in Hp., δι' οὖν ἐφθάρησαν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Morb.</span>1.14</span> (v.l.), al.; also ἐπ' ὦν ἐπίομες οἶνον <span class="bibl">Epich.124.3</span>: this tmesis is rare in Att., ὥστε γε καὐτόν σε κατ' οὖν ἔβαλεν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1047</span>; but occurs in later writers, Dorieus ap. <span class="bibl">Phylarch.3</span> J., <span class="title">AP</span>12.226 (Strat.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in inferences, <b class="b2">then, therefore</b>, not in Hom., rare in A., and usu. in questions (v. infr.); in a statement, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>219</span>; very common from Hdt. downwds.; so <b class="b3">καὶ σὺ οὖν</b> you too <b class="b2">therefore</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 4.1.20</span>; καὶ γὰρ οὖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>1.9.8</span>; cf. <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ οὖν, τοιγαροῦν</b>: strengthd., δὴ οὖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>191c</span>, etc.; οὖν δή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>340e</span>: in questions, τίς οὖν ὁ λύσων σ' ἐστίν <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>771</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1191</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>906</span>, <span class="bibl">909</span>, etc.; ἆρ' οὖν δή <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>146a</span>; τί οὖν δή <b class="b2">;</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>873</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>57a</span>.</span>