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ἦπαρ: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=-ατος<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[liver]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in <b class="b3">ἡπατοσκοπέω</b> <b class="b2">inspect the liver (to predict the future)</b> (LXX).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἡπάτιον</b> name of a dish (Ar.); <b class="b3">ἡπατῖτις</b> f. <b class="b2">belonging to the liver</b> (Hp.), also name of a stone and a plant (Plin., Ps.-Dsc.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> [s. index], Strömberg Pflanzennamen 41); <b class="b3">ἡπατ-ικός</b>, <b class="b3">-ιαῖος</b>, <b class="b3">-ίας</b>, <b class="b3">-ηρός</b> <b class="b2">referring to the liver</b> (Hp.); <b class="b3">ἥπατος</b> m. name of a fish (com., Arist.; Strömberg Fischnamen 45f.; after Thompson Fishes s. v. Egyptian [?]).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [504] <b class="b2">*iekʷ-r</b> [[liver]]<br />Etymology: The IE word for [[liver]], <b class="b2">*i̯ekʷr̥(-t</b>), gen. <b class="b2">*i̯ekʷn-és</b> (<b class="b2">-ós</b>) is also retained in Skt. <b class="b2">yákr̥t</b>, <b class="b2">yakn-ás</b> and indirectly in Lat. [[iecur]], <b class="b2">iecin-or-is</b>. In other languages the <b class="b2">r\/n-</b>stem was given up: OAv. [[yākarǝ]], MPers. <b class="b2">ǰakar</b>, NPers. <b class="b2">ǰigar</b> (but Pashto [[yīna]]; note OIran. <b class="b2">huyāɣna-</b>, acc. to Krause KZ 56, 304ff. for <b class="b2">*ha-yākana-</b> prop. "of common liver"), OLith. (<b class="b2">j)ẽknos</b> f. pl. Often new names were created, e. g. NGr. <b class="b3">συκώτι</b> (: <b class="b3">σῦκον</b>), Lat. [[fīcātum]] (> French [[foie]] ), Russ. <b class="b2">péčenь</b> (from <b class="b2">pekú</b> [[bake]]; thus Lith. <b class="b2">kẽpenos</b> from <b class="b2">kepù</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>). Other new words: Germ., e. g. OHG [[lebara]] (cf. on <b class="b3">λίπος</b>), Arm. [[leard]] (with the ending of <b class="b2">*i̯ekʷr̥t</b>), Hitt. <b class="b2">li-e-ši</b>; further s. Buck Synonyms 251f. -Attempts to connect the <b class="b2">l-</b>forms with <b class="b2">*i̯ekʷr̥t</b> assuming an anlaut <b class="b2">li̯-</b> have failed (J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 198f.; Benveniste Origines 132). See W.-Hofmann s. [[iecur]], Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. (<b class="b2">j)ẽknos</b>; cf. Winter Lang. 31, 4ff. - Szemerényi, KZ 73 (1956) 191 suggested that the Greek vowellength must be explained from Greek, and suggested <b class="b3">ἦτορ</b>; thus Kortlandt. | |etymtx=-ατος<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[liver]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in <b class="b3">ἡπατοσκοπέω</b> <b class="b2">inspect the liver (to predict the future)</b> (LXX).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἡπάτιον</b> name of a dish (Ar.); <b class="b3">ἡπατῖτις</b> f. <b class="b2">belonging to the liver</b> (Hp.), also name of a stone and a plant (Plin., Ps.-Dsc.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> [s. index], Strömberg Pflanzennamen 41); <b class="b3">ἡπατ-ικός</b>, <b class="b3">-ιαῖος</b>, <b class="b3">-ίας</b>, <b class="b3">-ηρός</b> <b class="b2">referring to the liver</b> (Hp.); <b class="b3">ἥπατος</b> m. name of a fish (com., Arist.; Strömberg Fischnamen 45f.; after Thompson Fishes s. v. Egyptian [?]).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [504] <b class="b2">*iekʷ-r</b> [[liver]]<br />Etymology: The IE word for [[liver]], <b class="b2">*i̯ekʷr̥(-t</b>), gen. <b class="b2">*i̯ekʷn-és</b> (<b class="b2">-ós</b>) is also retained in Skt. <b class="b2">yákr̥t</b>, <b class="b2">yakn-ás</b> and indirectly in Lat. [[iecur]], <b class="b2">iecin-or-is</b>. In other languages the <b class="b2">r\/n-</b>stem was given up: OAv. [[yākarǝ]], MPers. <b class="b2">ǰakar</b>, NPers. <b class="b2">ǰigar</b> (but Pashto [[yīna]]; note OIran. <b class="b2">huyāɣna-</b>, acc. to Krause KZ 56, 304ff. for <b class="b2">*ha-yākana-</b> prop. "of common liver"), OLith. (<b class="b2">j)ẽknos</b> f. pl. Often new names were created, e. g. NGr. <b class="b3">συκώτι</b> (: <b class="b3">σῦκον</b>), Lat. [[fīcātum]] (> French [[foie]] ), Russ. <b class="b2">péčenь</b> (from <b class="b2">pekú</b> [[bake]]; thus Lith. <b class="b2">kẽpenos</b> from <b class="b2">kepù</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>). Other new words: Germ., e. g. OHG [[lebara]] (cf. on <b class="b3">λίπος</b>), Arm. [[leard]] (with the ending of <b class="b2">*i̯ekʷr̥t</b>), Hitt. <b class="b2">li-e-ši</b>; further s. Buck Synonyms 251f. -Attempts to connect the <b class="b2">l-</b>forms with <b class="b2">*i̯ekʷr̥t</b> assuming an anlaut <b class="b2">li̯-</b> have failed (J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 198f.; Benveniste Origines 132). See W.-Hofmann s. [[iecur]], Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. (<b class="b2">j)ẽknos</b>; cf. Winter Lang. 31, 4ff. - Szemerényi, KZ 73 (1956) 191 suggested that the Greek vowellength must be explained from Greek, and suggested <b class="b3">ἦτορ</b>; thus Kortlandt. | ||
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|ftr='''ἦπαρ''': ἦπατος<br />{ē̃par}<br />'''Grammar''': n.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Leber]] (seit Il.).<br />'''Composita''' : Als Vorderglied z. B. in [[ἡπατοσκοπέω]] ‘die Leber (als Wahrsager) besehen’ (LXX).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: [[ἡπάτιον]] Ben. eines Gerichts (Ar. usw.); [[ἡπατῖτις]] f. [[zur Leber gehörig]], [[lebergefärbt]] (Hp. usw.), auch als N. eines Steins und einer Pflanze (Plin., Ps.-Dsk.; Redard Les noms grecs en -της [s. Index], Strömberg Pflanzennamen 41); [[ἡπατικός]], -ιαῖος, -ίας, -ηρός [[auf die Leber bezüglich]] (Hp. u. spät); [[ἥπατος]] m. N. eines Fisches (Kom., Arist. u. a.; zum unbekannten Benennungsmotiv Strömberg Fischnamen 45f.; nach Thompson Fishes s. v. eher ägyptisch [?]).<br />'''Etymology''' : Das idg. Wort für [[Leber]], *''i̯ē̆q<sup>u̯</sup>r̥''(-''t''), Gen. *''i̯eq<sup>u̯</sup>n''-''és'' (-''ós'') ist als heteroklitisches Neutrum auch in aind. ''yákr̥t'', ''yakn''-''ás'' und indirekt in lat. ''iecur'', ''iecin''-''or''-''is'' erhalten. In anderen Sprachen ist der alte Wechsel ausgeschaltet worden: airan. ''yākarə'', mpers. ''ǰakar'', npers. ''ǰigar'' (aber pashto ''yī̆na''; zu bemerken noch airan. ''huyāɣna''-, nach Krause KZ 56, 304ff. für *''ha''-''yākana''- eig. "von gemeinsamer Leber"), alit. (''j'')''ẽknos'' f. pl. Oft sind neue Benennungen geschaffen worden, u. a. wegen der kulinarischen Verwendung der Leber, wohl auch zu tabuistischen Zwecken, z. B. ngr. συκώτι (: [[σῦκον]]), lat. ''fīcātum'' (> frz. ''foie'' usw.), russ. ''péčenь'' (von ''pekú'' [[backen]]; ebenso lit. ''kẽpenos'' von ''kepù'' ib.). Andere Ersatzwörter sind: germ., z. B. ahd. ''lebara'' (vgl. zu [[λίπος]]), arm. ''leard'' (Ausgang von *''i̯éq<sup>u̯</sup>r̥t'' übernommen), heth. ''li''-''e''-''ši''; des weiteren s. Buck Synonyms 251f. — Die Versuche, die ''l''-Formen mit *''i̯éq<sup>u̯</sup>r̥t'' unter Annahme eines ursprünglichen Anlauts ''li̯''- zu vereinigen (J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 198f.; ebenso Benveniste Origines 132 mit willkürlicher Wurzelanatomie und Etymologie) erübrigen sich. Weitere Lit. bei W.-Hofmann s. ''iecur'', Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. (''j'')''ẽknos'', WP. 1, 205f., Pok. 504; dazu Winter Lang. 31, 4ff.<br />'''Page''' 1,639 | |||
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