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ταχύς: Difference between revisions
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|mdlsjtxt=<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of [[motion]], [[quick]], [[swift]], [[fleet]], opp. to [[βραδύς]], Hom., etc.; ταχὺς πόδας Il.; ταχὺς θείειν Hom.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of [[thought]] and [[purpose]], [[quick]], [[rapid]], [[hasty]], φρονεῖν γὰρ οἱ ταχεῖς οὐκ ἀσφαλεῖς Soph.; c. inf., βλάπτειν τ. Ar.; τὸ [[ταχύ]] [[speed]], [[haste]], Eur.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> so of actions, events, [[quick]], [[rapid]], [[sudden]], [[πήδημα]] Soph.; [[πόλεμος]] Thuc.; τ. ἐλπίδες fleeting hopes, Pind.<br />B. adv.,<br /><b class="num">1.</b> regul. [[form]] τᾰχέως, [[quickly]], Il., [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">2.</b> the adv. is also expressed by periphr., διὰ ταχέων in [[haste]], Thuc., etc.; ἐκ ταχείας Soph.; cf. [[τάχος]] II.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> neut. [[ταχύ]] as adv., Soph., etc.; [[more]] often [[τάχα]] (q. v.).<br />C. Degrees of Comparison:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> comp.:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> regul. [[form]] τᾰχύτερος, η, ον, Hdt.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[θάσσων]], neut. [[θᾶσσον]], gen. ονος, new [[attic]] [[θάττων]], neut. [[θᾶττον]], Hom., [[attic]]:—neut. as adv., Hom., etc.; [[θᾶσσον]] ἂν κλύοιμι [[sooner]], i. e. [[rather]], would I [[hear]], Soph.; [[θᾶσσον]] also, like Lat. [[ocius]], often stands for the Positive, οὐ [[θᾶσσον]] οἴσεις; i. e. make [[haste]] and [[bring]], Soph.; [[ὅ τι]] [[θᾶσσον]], like [[ὅ τι]] [[τάχιστα]], Theocr.; [[ἐπειδὰν]] θ. Plat.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> the [[form]] [[ταχίων]] [ῑ], neut. ιον, is [[rare]] in [[good]] [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">II.</b> the [[regular]] Sup. ταχύτατος, is [[rare]], Pind.; ταχύτατα as adv., Xen.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> the [[usual]] [[form]] is [[τάχιστος]], η, ον , [[mostly]] in neut. pl. [[τάχιστα]] as adv., [[ὅττι]] [[τάχιστα]] as [[soon]] as [[possible]], Lat. [[quam]] celerrime, Il.; [[attic]] [[ὅ τι]] [[τάχιστα]] Soph., etc.:—so, [[ὅσον]] τ. Aesch.; ὡς τ. Hdt., [[attic]]; [[ὅπως]] τ. Aesch., etc.:—these are ellipt. phrases, for ὡς δυνατὸν τ. Hdt.; ὡς or ᾗ ἂν δύνωμαι τ. Xen., etc.:—also [[after]] Particles of [[Time]], like Lat. [[quum]] [[primum]], [[ἐπεί]] (ionic [[ἐπεί]] τἐ [[τάχιστα]] Hdt., [[attic]]; [[ἐπειδὴ]] τ. Plat., etc.; [[ἐπεάν]] or [[ἐπήν]], [[ἐπάν]], [[ἐπειδὰν]] τ. Hdt., etc.; [[ὅταν]] τ. Xen.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> often also in Prose, τὴν ταχίστην (sc. ὁδόν), as adv. by the quickest way, i. e. [[most]] [[quickly]], Hdt., etc. | |mdlsjtxt=<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of [[motion]], [[quick]], [[swift]], [[fleet]], opp. to [[βραδύς]], Hom., etc.; ταχὺς πόδας Il.; ταχὺς θείειν Hom.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of [[thought]] and [[purpose]], [[quick]], [[rapid]], [[hasty]], φρονεῖν γὰρ οἱ ταχεῖς οὐκ ἀσφαλεῖς Soph.; c. inf., βλάπτειν τ. Ar.; τὸ [[ταχύ]] [[speed]], [[haste]], Eur.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> so of actions, events, [[quick]], [[rapid]], [[sudden]], [[πήδημα]] Soph.; [[πόλεμος]] Thuc.; τ. ἐλπίδες fleeting hopes, Pind.<br />B. adv.,<br /><b class="num">1.</b> regul. [[form]] τᾰχέως, [[quickly]], Il., [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">2.</b> the adv. is also expressed by periphr., διὰ ταχέων in [[haste]], Thuc., etc.; ἐκ ταχείας Soph.; cf. [[τάχος]] II.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> neut. [[ταχύ]] as adv., Soph., etc.; [[more]] often [[τάχα]] (q. v.).<br />C. Degrees of Comparison:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> comp.:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> regul. [[form]] τᾰχύτερος, η, ον, Hdt.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[θάσσων]], neut. [[θᾶσσον]], gen. ονος, new [[attic]] [[θάττων]], neut. [[θᾶττον]], Hom., [[attic]]:—neut. as adv., Hom., etc.; [[θᾶσσον]] ἂν κλύοιμι [[sooner]], i. e. [[rather]], would I [[hear]], Soph.; [[θᾶσσον]] also, like Lat. [[ocius]], often stands for the Positive, οὐ [[θᾶσσον]] οἴσεις; i. e. make [[haste]] and [[bring]], Soph.; [[ὅ τι]] [[θᾶσσον]], like [[ὅ τι]] [[τάχιστα]], Theocr.; [[ἐπειδὰν]] θ. Plat.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> the [[form]] [[ταχίων]] [ῑ], neut. ιον, is [[rare]] in [[good]] [[attic]]<br /><b class="num">II.</b> the [[regular]] Sup. ταχύτατος, is [[rare]], Pind.; ταχύτατα as adv., Xen.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> the [[usual]] [[form]] is [[τάχιστος]], η, ον , [[mostly]] in neut. pl. [[τάχιστα]] as adv., [[ὅττι]] [[τάχιστα]] as [[soon]] as [[possible]], Lat. [[quam]] celerrime, Il.; [[attic]] [[ὅ τι]] [[τάχιστα]] Soph., etc.:—so, [[ὅσον]] τ. Aesch.; ὡς τ. Hdt., [[attic]]; [[ὅπως]] τ. Aesch., etc.:—these are ellipt. phrases, for ὡς δυνατὸν τ. Hdt.; ὡς or ᾗ ἂν δύνωμαι τ. Xen., etc.:—also [[after]] Particles of [[Time]], like Lat. [[quum]] [[primum]], [[ἐπεί]] (ionic [[ἐπεί]] τἐ [[τάχιστα]] Hdt., [[attic]]; [[ἐπειδὴ]] τ. Plat., etc.; [[ἐπεάν]] or [[ἐπήν]], [[ἐπάν]], [[ἐπειδὰν]] τ. Hdt., etc.; [[ὅταν]] τ. Xen.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> often also in Prose, τὴν ταχίστην (sc. ὁδόν), as adv. by the quickest way, i. e. [[most]] [[quickly]], Hdt., etc. | ||
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|ftr='''ταχύς''': {takhús}<br />'''Meaning''': [[schnell]], [[geschwind]] (seit Il.).<br />'''Composita''' : Oft als Vorderglied, z.B. [[ταχύπωλος]] [[mit schnellen Rossen]] (Il., Theok.). Adv. [[τάχα]] [[schnell]], [[leicht]], [[vielleicht]] (seit Il.; Schwyzer 622), auch -έως [[schnell]] (Ψ 365, Hes. ''Th''. u.a.) mit -εωστί ib. (Pherekr.; wie [[νεωστί]] u.a.). Komp. [[θάσσων]], -ττ-, Adv. [[θᾶσσον]], -ττ-, Sup. [[τάχιστος]], Adv. -α (seit Il.). Auch ταχύτερος, -τερον (ion., Arist. u.a.), -τατος, -τατα (Pi. u.a.), -ίων, -ιον (Hp. ''Mul''., hell. u. sp. Prosa).<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[τάχος]] (für *τῆχος? s. u.) n. ‘Schnel- ligkeit, Geschwindigkeit’, oft adverbiell (seit Il.). 2. [[ταχυτής]], dor. -τάς f. ib. (seit Ψ 740; zur Oxytonierung Schwyzer 382); Versuch einer semantischen Differenzierung zw. [[τάχος]] und [[ταχυτής]] bei Chantraine Form. 418; vgl. noch Porzig Satzinhalte 246 u. 248. 3. [[ταχινός]] = [[ταχύς]] (hell. u. sp.; nach [[ῥαδινός]], [[θαμινός]] u.a.; nicht alter Stammwechsel mit Specht Ursprung 128) mit ταχίνης, dor. -νας m. [[Hase]] (lakon. nach Ael.), nach H. auch = [[ἔλαφος]]. 4. [[ταχύνω]], auch m. ἐπι-, συν- u.a., [[beschleunigen]], [[sich beeilen]] (ion. att.). 5. [[καταταχέω]] [[sich beeilen]], [[schnell wohin gelangen]], [[zuvorkommen]] (Plb., Pap. u.a.), Hypostase von κατὰ [[τάχος]].<br />'''Etymology''' : Die obigen Formen gehen alle, den von Haus aus dehnstufigen Komp. ausgenommen, von [[ταχύς]] aus. Da die Etymologie unbekannt ist, bleibt auch die Beurteilung von von [[θάσσων]] schwierig. Eine an sich mögliche Grundform *θάγχι̯ων hat keinen Anhalt (vgl. unten zur Etymologie). Wegen des PN Τήχιππος (Eretria), der nach Bechtel (Hist. Personenn. 426, Dial. 3, 126) ein altes Nomen *τῆχος = [[τάχος]] enthalten soll, was aber sehr unsicher ist (vgl. Vollgraff Mnem. 56, 102 ff., der das Vorderglied zu [[θήγω]] [[anfeuern]], [[anspornen]] ziehen will; lautlich schwierig), will Seiler Steigerungsformen 40 (zustimmend Fraenkel Gnomon 24, 80) [[θάσσων]], [[θᾶσσον]] durch Angleichung an die Klangfarbe von [[ταχύς]], [[τάχιστος]] (für *θήσσων) erklären. Für sekundäre Dehnung eines älteren kurzvokaligen θάσσον, θάσσων (so noch bei Hom.?) Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1914, 124f. (Kl. Schr. 2, 1181 f.); vgl. noch Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 190 und Schwyzer 538 A. 4 m. älterer Lit. Ausführlich zur Komparation Seiler (s. ob.) 37 ff. — Etymologisch dunkel. Gegen die alte Zusammenstellung mit lit. ''déngti'' [[schnell laufen]], [[eilen]] usw. s. Fraenkel s. ''deñgti''. Neuer Versuch bei Lane Lang. 11, 191 f. (idg. ''t''(''h'')''engh''-, ''t''(''h'')''n̥gh''- [[ziehen]], [[spannen]] in aw. θ''ang''-, aksl. ''tęgnǫti'' u.a.; WP. 1, 726f.); abzulehnen. Abzulehnen ebenfalls Pok. 250 (zu aind. ''daghnóti'' [[erreichen]] u.a. mit Bezzenberger BB 12, 241). Durch [[ταχύς]] wurde das sicher altererbte [[ὠκύς]] an die Seite gedrängt und lebte nur in der poet. Sprache weiter.<br />'''Page''' 2,861-862 | |||
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