νόσος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ep. and Ion. (not Dor., cf. <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1927.156 (Cyrene)) νοῦσος, ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">sickness, disease, plague</b>, <b class="b3">νοῦσον ἀνὰ στρατὸν ὦρσε κακήν</b> (sc. Apollo), ὀλέκοντο δὲ λαοί <span class="bibl">Il.1.10</span>; νοῦσόν γ' οὔ πως ἔστι Διὸς μεγάλου ἀλέασθαι <span class="bibl">Od.9.411</span>; δολιχὴ ν. <span class="bibl">11.172</span>; νοῦσοι ἀργαλέαι <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>92</span>:— Phrases: ἐς ν. πεσεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>473</span>; ἐς ν. ἐμπίπτειν <span class="bibl">Antipho 1.20</span>; νόσον ἐμπεπτωκέναι τοῖς κτήνεσιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.3.41</span>; μοι ν. ἐπήλυθεν <span class="bibl">Od.11.200</span>; νόσῳ ληφθέντι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>445</span>; <b class="b3">κάμνειν νόσον, ὑπὸ νόσου</b>, v. [[κάμνω; ἀσθενεῖν ταύτην τὴν νόσον]] <span class="bibl">Isoc.19.24</span>; ἐκ τῆς νούσου ἀνέστη <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.22</span>; <b class="b3">θήλεα ν</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">105</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdn.4.12.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἱερὰ νόσος</b>, v. [[ἱερός]] IV. <span class="bibl">8</span>: <b class="b3">ν</b>. defined, Gal.7.43. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> generally, <b class="b2">distress, anguish</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>527</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>544</span> (lyr.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">disease of mind</b>, esp. caused by madness, passion, vice, etc., ν. φρενῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>750</span> (troch.); <b class="b3">θεία ν</b>., i.e. <b class="b2">madness</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>185</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">μανιάσιν ν</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">59</span>; <b class="b3">λυσσώδη ν</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">452</span>; of love, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>491</span>; Ἀφροδίτας ν. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>767</span> (lyr.); ἀκόλαστον ἔσχε γλῶσσαν, αἰσχίστην ν. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Or.</span>10</span>; τῆς μεγίστης ν., ἀνοίας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>691d</span>; <b class="b3">ν. καὶ στάσιν οὐ ταὐτὸν νενόμικας</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.</span>228a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">plague, bane, mischief</b>, e.g. a whirlwind is θεία ν. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>421</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1141</span> (lyr.); of the trident of Poseidon, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>924</span> (s.v.l.); <b class="b3">πεντεσύριγγος ν</b>., of the pillory, Polyeuct. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1411a23</span>; κτείνειν τινὰ ὡς νόσον πόλεως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>322d</span>.</span>

|sltr=[[νόσος]], νοῡσος</b> (ἡ: νόσοι, -ων, -ους; νούσῳ, -ον, -ων.) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> [[illness]], [[affliction]] ὀξείας δὲ νόσους [[ἀπαλάλκοι]] (sc. [[Ζεύς]]) (O. 8.85) Ἀσκλαπιόν, ἥροα παντοδαπᾶν ἀλκτῆρα νούσων (P. 3.7) πολυπήμονας ἀνθρώποισιν ἰᾶσθαι νόσους (P. 3.46) ἰατῆρα θερμᾶν νόσων (P. 3.66) βαρειᾶν νόσων ἀκέσματ (P. 5.63) νόσοι δ' [[οὔτε]] [[γῆρας]] [[οὐλόμενον]] κέκραται ἱερᾷ γενεᾷ (P. 10.41) Ἰάλεμον ὠμοβόλῳ νούσῳ πεδαθέντα [[σθένος]] Θρ. 3. 10. met., ἀλλ' εὔχεται οὐλομέναν νοῦσον διαντλήσαις ποτὲ οἶκον [[ἰδεῖν]] (sc. Δαμόφιλος, [[who]] suffers the miseries of [[exile]]) (P. 4.293)

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[illness]], [[disease]], metaph. [[distress]], [[need]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: ep. Ion. <b class="b3">νοῦσος</b> (s. below).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">νοσο-ποιέω</b> <b class="b2">cause disease</b> (Hp.), <b class="b3">ἐπί-νοσος</b> <b class="b2">a prey of disease, unhealthy</b> (Hp., Arist.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 85).<br />Derivatives: A. Adj.: 1. <b class="b3">νοσερός</b> [[ill]], [[unhealthy]] (Hp., E.. Arist.); 2. <b class="b3">νοσηρός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp., X.; <b class="b3">ὑγιηρός</b> Pi., Ion.) with <b class="b3">νοσήριον</b> (H. s. <b class="b3">κηρέσιον</b>; for <b class="b3">νοσητήριον</b> or <b class="b3">νοσηρόν</b>?); 3. <b class="b3">νοσηλός</b> [[ill]], [[sickly]] (Hp.; rather from <b class="b3">νοσέω</b>, cf. Chantraine Form. 241) with <b class="b3">νοσήλια</b> n. pl. <b class="b2">sick-diet</b> (Opp.), <b class="b3">νοσηλεύω</b>, <b class="b3">-ομαι</b> <b class="b2">care for a patient, be ill</b> (Isoc., J.), <b class="b3">νοσηλεία</b> f. [[nursing]], [[morbidity]] (S., J., Plu.); 4. <b class="b3">νοσακερός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist.; after Poll. 3, 105 <b class="b3">ἐσχάτως κωμικόν</b>; on <b class="b3">ακ-</b>enlargement Frisk Nom. 62ff.); 5. <b class="b3">νοσώδης</b> [[ill]], [[unhealthy]] (Hp., Att.); 6. <b class="b3">Νόσιος</b> surn. of <b class="b3">Ζεύς</b> (Miletos VI--Va). -- B. Verbs: 1. <b class="b3">νοσέω</b> <b class="b2">be ill</b> (Att., also Ion.) with <b class="b3">νόσημα</b> n. [[illness]] (IA.), with <b class="b3">νοσημάτιον</b> dimin. (Ar.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b>, <b class="b3">*τώδης</b> [[sickly]] (Arist.); 2. <b class="b3">νοσεύομαι</b> <b class="b2">be sickly</b> with <b class="b3">νόσευμα</b> [[illness]] (Hp.); 3. <b class="b3">νοσάζομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ω</b> <b class="b2">be, make ill</b>, <b class="b3">νοσίζω</b> <b class="b2">make ill</b> (Arist., Gal.). -- C. Substant. 1. <b class="b3">νόσανσις</b> f. <b class="b2">getting ill</b> (Arist.: <b class="b3">ὑγίανσις</b>; <b class="b3">*νοσαίνω</b>); 2. unclear <b class="b3">νοσίμη</b> (leg. <b class="b3">-ήμη</b>?) = <b class="b3">νόσημα</b> (Theognost.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">νόσος</b> : <b class="b3">νοῦσος</b> we conclude to <b class="b3">*νόσϜος</b> (Schulze Q. 115 with Aufrecht KZ 1, 120). Beside the also in Ionic younger <b class="b3">νοσέω</b>, ep. <b class="b3">νοῦσος</b> can also be understood as a false rewriting of <b class="b3">ΝΟΣΟΣ</b> for <b class="b3">*νόσσος</b>; then the ep. form must have been taken over by Hdt. and Hp. Schwyzer 227 a. 308, cf. Wackernagel Unt. 86; s. also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 162 and Lejeune Traité de phon. 117. -- Several explanations, which have at best hypothetic value, as Brugmann Sächs. Ges. Ber. 1897, 29ff. and IF 28, 363ff., Solmsen BphW 1906, 754f. (all noted by Bq; s. also WP. 2, 333). - The word could well be Pre-Greek (note the retained <b class="b3">-σ-</b>; not in Fur.)