πότνια: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, poet.title of honour, used chiefly in addressing females, whether goddesses or women: <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> as Subst., = [[δέσποινα]] (cf. Apion ap.Apollon.<span class="title">Lex.</span>), [[mistress]], [[queen]] (v. sub fin.), πότνιαν ἁγνήν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span> 203</span>: mostly c. gen., [[πότνια θηρῶν]] (nom.) [[queen]] of wild beasts, of Artemis, <span class="bibl">Il.21.470</span>; πότνια βελέων <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.213</span>; [[τὰν ἐρώτων πότνιαν]], of Aphrodite, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>781.16</span> (lyr.); π. λαῶν, [[τοξοφόρων]], <span class="bibl">Arat.112</span>, Call. [[Fr.anon]].<span class="bibl">338</span>: without a gen., π. Αὔως Sapph.153; πότνι' Ἐρινύς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>887</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>951</span> (anap.); πότνιαν ἐξαπαφὼν ἐμάν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>704</span> (lyr.); [Ἱστίην] πότνιαν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ven.</span>24</span>; ναὶ τὰν πότνιαν <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.14</span>: in voc., ὦ πότνι' Ἥρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>152</span> (lyr.); [[ὦ πότνια]] (sc. [[Ἀθηναία]]) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 1170</span>, al.; ὦ πότνι' <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>533</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>445</span>; addressed to a mistress, <span class="title">AP</span>5.269 (Paul.Sil.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in pl. of the Eumenides, ὦ πότνιαι δεινῶπες <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>84</span>; τὸ τῶν ποτνιέων ἱρόν <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.97</span>; of Demeter and Kore, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>1050</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>1149</span> (lyr.); θεσμοφόρους ἁγνὰς π. <span class="title">Inscr.Prien.</span> 196.3. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> as Adj., [[revered]], [[august]], in Hom. of Hebe, Enyo, Calypso, Circe, <span class="bibl">Il.4.2</span>, <span class="bibl">5.592</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.14</span>, <span class="bibl">8.448</span>; most freq. of Hera, <span class="bibl">Il.1.551</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>6.2</span>; in Hes. of Hera, Tethys, and Peitho, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>11</span>, <span class="bibl">368</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Op.</span>73</span>; Τριτογένεια <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>926</span>; [[Νίκη]] Bacis ap.<span class="bibl">Hdt.8.77</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">B. 11.5</span>; π. μήτηρ <span class="bibl">Il.1.357</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Od.6.30</span>, al.; esp. in invocation, π. γῆ <span class="bibl">Hom.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>7.1</span>; ὦ π. χθών <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>722</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>70</span> (anap.); μᾶτερ πότνια, addressed to Earth, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>395</span> (lyr.) (also of a bird, <span class="bibl">Mosch. 4.24</span>); πότνια νύξ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>174</span> (lyr.); ὦ πότνια λήθη τῶν κακῶν ib.<span class="bibl">213</span>; Ἔνοσι πότνια <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ba.</span>585</span> (lyr.); ὦ μεγάλα Θέμι καὶ πότνι'  Ἄρτεμι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Med.</span>160</span> (anap.); ὦ πότνια αἰδώς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">IA</span>821</span>; ὦ πότνια μοῖρα καὶ τύχη ib.<span class="bibl">1136</span>: the phrase πότνια συκῆ is used by <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408a16</span> as a parody of Cleophon's style.—Mostly used in voc. [The first syll. is short in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>152</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>722</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span> 160</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ion</span> 873</span>, al., Theoc. l. c., but elsewh. long, cf. [[πότμος]]: the final syll. always short in nom., voc., and acc.sg.]</span>

|elnltext=πότνια -ας, ἡ [2. πόσις] soms ποτν - meestal in aanspreekvorm heerseres, meesteres, van godin:; πότνια θηρῶν heerseres der dieren Il. 21.470; ναὶ τὰν πότνιαν bij de godin! Theocr. Id. 15.14; in plur. van Eumeniden. Soph. OC 84. adj. eerbiedwaardig, machtig:. τὸ γὰρ θέτο πότνια μήτηρ want die (naam) had zijn eerbiedwaardige moeder hem gegeven Od. 18.5; ὦ πότνια Χθών machtige aarde! Aeschl. Ch. 722.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[lady]], [[mistress]], esp. of godesses (ep. poet. Il.).<br />Other forms: Myc. [[potinija]]. On Myc. adj. [[potinijawejo]] Lejeune Par. del Pass. 17, 401 ff. - On <b class="b3">πότνα</b>, disyll. = <b class="b3">πότνι̯α</b> (Od. a.o.), orig. only in voc. <b class="b3">πότνα θεά</b>(?), where it was metr. condit., Schwyzer 559 Zus. 2, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 170, Sjölund Metr. Kürzung 9 f.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ποτνιάδες</b> pl. <b class="b2">id.</b> (E.; after <b class="b3">μαινάδες</b> a.o., Chantraine Form. 355 a. 357); <b class="b3">ποτνι-άομαι</b> <b class="b2">to beseech (a goddess), to wail, to lament</b>, esp. of women (late prose; on the meaning Mras Glotta 12, 67f.) with <b class="b3">-ασμοί</b> pl. (Str.), <b class="b3">-ασις</b> f. (Poll.) [[wail]], <b class="b3">-αστής</b> m. [[lamenter]] (Phld.); also <b class="b3">-άζομαι</b> in <b class="b3">ποτνιάζου εὔχου</b>, <b class="b3">παρακάλει</b> H. -- ON <b class="b3">Ποτνιαί</b> f. pl. Boeot. town-name (Paus.), called after the <b class="b3">Πότνιαι</b> (Demeter and Kore); from it adj. <b class="b3">Ποτν-ιάς</b> (A. a.o.) and PN <b class="b3">-εύς</b> (Paus.; Bosshardt 108).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [842] <b class="b2">*potis</b> [[lord]], [[husband]]<br />Etymology: Identical with Skt. <b class="b2">pátnī</b> f. [[Mistress]], [[goddess]], Av. [[paʮnī]] f. [[mistress]], OLith. <b class="b2">vieš-patni</b> f. <b class="b2">(high) woman, mistress</b>: IE <b class="b2">*pótnih₂</b>. Orig. fern. of IE <b class="b2">*pótis</b> [[lord]], [[husband]] in <b class="b3">πόσις</b> [[husband]], from which <b class="b3">πότνια</b> [[mistress]], [[goddess]] became removed. On IE fem. in <b class="b2">-nī</b> s. (w. rich lit.) Szemerényi Syncope in Greek and I.-Eur. 391 ff., who rejects the asumption of an IE cons.stem <b class="b2">*pot-</b> beside <b class="b2">*poti-</b> (but whose explanation of <b class="b2">*pótnī</b> as a late IE syncope of <b class="b2">*póti-nī</b> is less convincing).

|ftr='''πότνια''': {pótnia}<br />'''Forms''': myk. ''po''-''ti''-''ni''-''ja''. Zu [[πότνα]], zweisilbig = πότνι̯α (Od. u.a.), urspr. nur im Vok. [[πότνα]] [[θεά]], wo vom Metrum bedingt, Schwyzer 559 Zus. 2, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 170, Sjölund Metr. Kürzung 9 f.<br />'''Grammar''': f.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Herrin]], [[Herrscherin]], bes. von Göttinnen (ep. poet. seit Il.);<br />'''Derivative''': Davon [[ποτνιάδες]] pl. ib. (E.; nach μαινάδες u.a., Chantraine Form. 355 u. 357); [[ποτνιάομαι]] ‘(eine Göttin) anflehen, wehklagen, jammern’, bes. von Frauen (sp. Prosa; zur Bed. Mras Glotta 12, 67f.) mit -ασμοί pl. (Str.), -ασις f. (Poll.) [[Wehklage]], -αστής m. [[der Wehklagende]] (Phld.); auch -άζομαι in ποτνιάζου· εὔχου, παρακάλει H. Zum myk. Adj. ''po''-''ti''-''ni''-''ja''-''we''-''jo'' Lejeune Par. del Pass. 17, 401 ff. — ON [[Ποτνιαί]] f. pl. böot. Stadtname (Paus.), nach den Πότνιαι (Demeter und Kore) benannt; davon Adj. [[Ποτνιάς]] (A. u.a.) und PN -εύς (Paus.; Bosshardt 108).<br />'''Etymology''' : Mit aind. ''pátnī'' f. [[Herrin]], [[Göttin]], aw. ''paϑnī'' f. [[Herrin]], alit. ''vieš''-''patni'' f. ‘(hohe) Frau, Herrin’ identisch: idg. *''pótnī''. Urspr. Fern. zu idg. *''pótis'' [[Herr]], [[Gatte]] in [[πόσις]] [[Gatte]], von dem sich [[πότνια]] [[Herrin]], [[Göttin]] sowohl lautlich wie begrifflich entfernt hat. Zum idg. Fem. auf -''nī'' s. zuletzt (m. reicher Lit.) Szemerényi Syncope in Greek and I.-Eur. 391 ff., der die Ansetzung eines idg. Kons.stammes *''pot''- neben *''poti''- mit Recht ablehnt aber weit weniger glücklich *''pótnī'' als eine spätidg. Synkopierung von *''póti''-''nī'' betrachten will.<br />'''Page''' 2,586-587