δίκη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[<b class="b3">ῐ], ἡ,</b> <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">custom, usage</b>, <b class="b3">αὕτη δ. ἐστὶ βροτῶν</b> this is the [[way]] of mortals, <span class="bibl">Od.11.218</span>; ἡ γὰρ δ. ἐστὶ γερόντων <span class="bibl">24.255</span>, etc.; ἥ τ' ἐστὶ δ. θείων βασιλήων <span class="bibl">4.691</span>; ἡ γὰρ δμώων δ. ἐστίν <span class="bibl">14.59</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἡ γὰρ δ., ὁππότε</b>… this is always <b class="b2">the way</b>, when... <span class="bibl">19.168</span> (so in late Prose, ἥπερ ἱππομαχίας δ. <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>3.15.2</span>); <b class="b3">δίκαν ἐφέπειν τινός</b> to imitate him, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.50</span>; <b class="b3">δ. ἐπέχειν τινός</b> to be [[like]]... <span class="bibl">Anon.Lond.6.18</span>; <b class="b2">normal course of nature</b>, ἐκ τουτέων ὁ θάνατος οὐ γίνεται κατά γε δίκην, οὐδ' ἢν γένηται <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VC</span>3</span>: hence, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> adverb. in acc. <b class="b3">δίκην</b>, <b class="b2">in the way of, after the manner of</b>, c. gen., λύκοιο <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.84</span>; πώλου <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Fr.</span>659</span>; τοξότου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>705e</span>; in later Prose, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>395b22</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Dem.Enc.</span>31</span>, <span class="bibl">Alciphr.1.6</span>, etc.: mostly of living creatures or persons, but also of things, as <b class="b3">δίκην ὕδατος, ἀγγείου</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>85</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phdr.</span>235d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">order, right</b>, <b class="b3">μή τι δίκης ἐπιδευές</b> nothing short of <b class="b2">what is fit</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.19.180</span>; opp. <b class="b3">βία</b>, might, <span class="bibl">16.388</span>; opp. <b class="b3">σχέτλια ἔργα</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.84</span>; personified, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>902</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>662</span>, etc.; Δίκης βωμός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>383</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>539</span> (lyr.); [[Truth]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.71</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">δίκη ἐστί</b>, = [[δίκαιόν ἐστι]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>259</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">811</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>277</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> Adverb. usages, δίκῃ <b class="b2">duly, rightly</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.23.542</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>112e</span>; ἐν δίκᾳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.12</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1069</span>, etc.; σὺν δίκῃ <span class="bibl">Thgn.197</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.96</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>444</span>, etc.; κατὰ δίκην <span class="bibl">Hdt. 7.35</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>888</span>, etc.; μετὰ δίκης <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>643e</span>; πρὸς δίκης <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1014</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1211</span> (but <b class="b3">πρὸς δίκας</b> on the score <b class="b2">of justice</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>546</span> (lyr.)); διαὶ δίκας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>641</span>; ἐκ δίκης <span class="bibl">Herod.4.77</span>: opp. παρὰ δίκαν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.18</span>, etc.; ἄνευ δίκης <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>554</span>; πέρα δίκης <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>30</span>; βίᾳ δίκης <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>430</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">δίχα δίκης</b> without [[trial]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ages.</span>32</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸ δίκης</b> in preference to <b class="b2">legal proceedings</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.141</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[judgement]], <b class="b3">δίκην ἰθύντατα εἰπεῖν</b> give [[judgement]] most righteously (cf. [[ἰθύς]]), <span class="bibl">Il.18.508</span>: esp. in pl., Λυκίην εἴρυτο δίκῃσί τε καὶ σθένεϊ ᾧ <span class="bibl">16.542</span>; περὶ οἶδε δίκας <span class="bibl">Od.3.244</span>, etc.; δίκαι σκολιαί <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>219</span>,<span class="bibl">250</span>; κρῖνε εὐθεῖαν δίκην <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>433</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> after Hom., of <b class="b2">proceedings instituted to determine legal rights</b>, hence, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[lawsuit]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>2a</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.210</span>, etc.; prop. <b class="b2">private suit</b> or [[action]], opp. <b class="b3">γραφή</b> (q. v.), <span class="bibl">Lys.1.44</span>, etc.; ἐκαλοῦντο αἱ γραφαὶ δίκαι, οὐ μέντοι αἱ δίκαι καὶ γραφαί <span class="bibl">Poll.8.41</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ δίκην ἔχοντες</b> the parties to <b class="b2">a suit</b>, IG7.21.8 (Megara), cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cic.</span> 17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[trial]] of the case, πρὸ δίκης <span class="bibl">Is.5.10</span>, etc.; μέχρι τοῦ δίκην γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.2.53</span>; [[court]] by which it was tried, ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστι καὶ τῇ δίκῃ <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">δίκην εἰπεῖν</b> to plead a [[cause]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.8.1</span>; δ. μακρὰν λέγειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>776</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">the object</b> or <b class="b2">consequence of the action, atonement, satisfaction, penalty</b>, <b class="b3">δίκην ἐκτίνειν, τίνειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.94</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>113</span>: adverbially in acc., τοῦ δίκην πάσχεις τάδε; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>614</span>; freq. <b class="b3">δίκην</b> or <b class="b3">δίκας διδόναι</b> suffer [[punishment]], i. e. make [[amends]] (but <b class="b3">δίκας δ</b>., in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>703</span> (lyr.), to grant [[arbitration]]); δίκας διδόναι τινί τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.106</span>; ἔμελλε τῶνδέ μοι δώσειν δίκην <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>538</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἀντί</b> or <b class="b3">ὑπέρ τινος</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span> 433</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.3.42</span>; also <b class="b3">δίκην διδόναι ὑπὸ θεῶν</b> <b class="b2">to be punished</b> by... <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>525b</span>; but <b class="b3">δίκας ἤθελον δοῦναι</b> they consented to submit to [[trial]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.28</span>; <b class="b3">δίκας λαμβάνειν</b> sts. = [[δ. διδόναι]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.115</span>; δίκην ἀξίαν ἐλάμβανες <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1312</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Heracl.</span>852</span>; more freq. its correlative, inflict [[punishment]], take [[vengeance]], <span class="bibl">Lys.1.29</span>, etc.; λαβεῖν δίκην παρά τινος <span class="bibl">D.21.92</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">9.2</span>, etc.; so <b class="b3">δίκην ἔχειν</b> to have <b class="b2">one's punishment</b>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.4.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>529c</span> (but <b class="b3">ἔχω τὴν δ</b>. have [[satisfaction]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ep.</span>319e</span>; παρά τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.45</span>); <b class="b3">δίκας</b> or <b class="b3">δίκην ὑπέχειν</b> stand [[trial]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.118</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>552</span>; δίκην παρασχεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>50</span>; <b class="b3">θανάτου δίκην ὀφλεῖν ὑπό τινος</b> to incur the death [[penalty]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>39b</span>; δίκας λαγχάνειν τινί <span class="bibl">D.21.78</span>; <b class="b3">δίκης τυχεῖν παρά τινος</b> ib.142; <b class="b3">δίκην ὀφείλειν, ὀφλεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.21.77</span>, <span class="bibl">47.63</span>; ἐρήμην ὀφλεῖν τὴν δ. <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.13</span>; <b class="b3">δίκην φεύγειν</b> try to escape [[it]], be the defendant in <b class="b2">the trial</b> (opp. <b class="b3">διώκειν</b> prosecute), <span class="bibl">D. 38.2</span>; <b class="b3">δίκας αἰτέειν</b> demand [[satisfaction]], <b class="b3">τινός</b> [[for]] a thing, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.114</span>; δ. ἐπιτιθέναι τινί <span class="bibl">Id.1.120</span>; <b class="b3">τινός</b> [[for]] a thing, <span class="bibl">Antipho 4.1.5</span>; δίκαι ἐπιφερόμεναι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1302b24</span>; δίκας ἀφιέναι τινί <span class="bibl">D.21.79</span>; <b class="b3">δίκας ἑλεῖν</b>, v. [[ἔρημος]] 11; <b class="b3">δίκην τείσασθαι</b>, v. [[τίνω]] 11; δὸς δὲ δίκην καὶ δέξο παρὰ Ζηνί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>312</span>; <b class="b3">δίκας διδόναι καὶ λαμβάνειν παρ' ἀλλήλων</b>, of communities, submit [[causes]] to trial, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.83</span>; δίκην δοῦναι καὶ λαβεῖν ἐν τῷ δήμῳ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ath.</span>1.18</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">δίκας δοῦναι καὶ δέξασθαι</b> submit differences to a peaceful settlement, <span class="bibl">Th.5.59</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Pythag. name for [[three]], Plu.2.381f, <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>12; for [[five]], ib.31. (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">diś-, diśā</b> 'direction', 'quarter of the heavens'.)</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0628.png Seite 628]] ἡ, die [[Sitte]], der [[Brauch]], die [[Weise]], das [[Recht]]; wahrscheinlich verwandt mit [[δείκνυμι]], Wurzel Δικ-, vgl. das Latein. indĭco, dīco. – 1) die<b class="b2"> Sitte,</b> der <b class="b2">Brauch,</b> die [[Weise]], das [[Herkommen]] : ἥ τ' ἐστὶ [[δίκη]] βασιλήων Od. 4, 691; αὕτη [[δίκη]] ἐστὶ βροτῶν, ὅτε κέν τε θάνωσιν, das ist die Art und Weise, das Geschick der Sterblichen, 11, 218; [[δίκη]] δμώων, μνηστήρων, θεῶν, γερόντων, das eigenthümlich, herkömmlich den Sklaven, Greifen etc. Zukommende, Od. 14, 59. 18, 275. 19, 43. 24, 255; ἡ γὰρ [[δίκη]], [[ὁππότε]], so pflegt es zu gehen, wenn, 19, 168; ᾗπερ ἱππομαχίας [[δίκη]] Arr. An. 3, 15, 2. – Dah. δίκην, adv., nach Art u. Weise, wie; bes. bei Vergleichen mit lebenden Wesen, λακοιο δίκαν, wie ein Wolf, nach Wolfesart, Pind. P. 2, 84, der vollständiger τὰν Φιλοκτήταο δίκαν ἐφέπων ἐστρατεύθη 1, 50 sagt, Schol. τρόπον μετερχόμενος seine Weise befolgend , wie Philoktet; κυνός, ἀγγέλου, ναυτίλων, Aesch. Ag. 3 Ch. 193. 200; πώλου δ. Soph. frg. 597; πολεμίων Eur. Hec. 1162; ὄρνιθος, βοσκημάτων, τοξότου, Plat. Phaedr. 249 d Rep. IX, 586 a Legg. IV, 705 e; seltener bei leblosen Dingen, wie ὕδατος, ὀνειράτων, κύματος, Aesch. Spt. 85 Ag. 477. 1154; ἀγγείου δίκην πεπληρῶσθαι Plat. Phaedr. 255 d; κρατῆρος δ. Legg. VI, 773 c; τυμπάνων Strab. XI p. 506; – [[κατά]] γε δίκην, Hippocr., gehörig. – 2) die [[Gerechtigkeit]], personificirt als T. des Zeus u. der Themis, Hes. To. 902 u. a. D., bes. Tragg.; das göttliche u. menschliche Recht, θεῶν, δαιμόνων, Soph. Ant. 366. 912; der βία entgegengesetzt, Il. 16, 388; vgl. Od. 14, 84; Hes. O. 973; δίκης ἐπιδευές, des Rechts ermangelnd, es entbehrend, Il. 19, 180; δίκην ἰθαντατα εἰπεῖν, am besten Recht sprechen, 18, 508; δίκας λαοῖς εὐθανειν Pind. P. 4, 153; πειραίνειν I. 7, 24; δίκην παραβαίνειν, μιαίνειν, Aesch. Ag. 763. 1654; ἔξω τῆς δίκης βαίνειν Plat. Legg. IX, 876 e; vgl. Eur. Andr. 788. – Als adverbiale Vrbdgn merke man: ἐν δίκῃ, im Recht, gerecht; Soph. Tr. 1 958; Pind. Ol. 6, 12 u. öfter; Plat. Phaedr. 266 a Legg. XII, 945 d; σὺν δίκῃ, Aesch. Spt. 426; Soph. Tr. 978; Pind. P. 9, 99; Her. 1, 115; und eben so δίκῃ, Il . 23, 549; Soph. El. 70, öfter; Plat. Critia. 112 e; μετὰ δίκης, Legg. I, 643 e; κατὰ δίκην, Eur. Tr. 887; Plat. Legg. III, 696 d; διὰ δίκης [[πᾶν]] [[ἔπος]] ἔλακον Aesch. Ch. 776; πρὸς δίκης, Soph. Bl. 1202; der Ggstz ist παρὰ δίκην , Pind. Ol. 2, 18 I. 6, 47; Plat. Legg, VI, 757 e; [[ἄνευ]] δίκης , Aesch. Eum. 554; [[ἄτερ]] δίκης, Suppl. 703; βίᾳ δίκης, 430; [[πέρα]] δίκης, Soph. El. 511; [[δίχα]] δίκης, Plut. Ages. 32. – Im plur. bei Hom. = Rechtspflege; Λυκίην εἴρυτο δίκῃσί τε καὶ σθένεϊ ᾡ, Il. 16, 542; ([[Νέστωρ]]) πηρίοιδε δίκας ἠδὲ φρόνιν ἄλλων Od. 3, 244; vgl. 9, 215. 11, 570. So δίκαι σκολιαί, ungerechte Verwaltung des Rechts, Hes. O. 217. – 3) [[Rechtsfache]], Proceß; δίκην κρίνειν, Aesch. Eum. 411. 446; Soph. Phil. 1850 u. A.; δίκην δικάζειν, Her. 3, 31 u. Folgde; δίκην κατ' [[ἄλλου]] ἀνδρὸς ἐψήφισαν Soph. Ai. 444; διὰ δίκης ἰὼν πατρί, anklagend, Ant. 738; die Vrbdgn ἐς δίκην ἄγειν, δίκην λαγχάνειν, αἱρεῖν, διώκειν, φεαγειν, ἐπεξέρχεσθαι s. unker diesen Verbis; δίκην ἔχειν, einen Proceß haben, verklagt sein, Plut. Mar. 6; – die Proceßhandlung selbst, τῇ προτεραίᾳ τῆς δίκης Plat. Phaed. 58 b; πρὸ δίκης, von gerichtlicher Entscheidung, Is. 5, 10; Plut. Fab. 9; μετὰ τὴν δίκην, Is. 5, 9; [[δίκη]] γίγνεται, die Sache kommt zur richterlichen Entscheidung, Thuc. 2, 53; – δίκην μακρὰν λέγειν Ar. Vesp. 777, wie oft bei Rednern; Xen. Mem. 4, 8, 1 δίκην εἰπεῖν, causam dicere, seine Sache vor Gericht führen. – Bei den Athenern ist [[δίκη]] in engerem Sinne u. im Ggstz von γρᾳφή = die Privatklage. Vgl. Meier u. Schömann Att. Proceß S. 165 ff, – 4) die richterliche Entscheidung, [[Strafe]], Buße; am gewöhnlichsten δίκην δοῦναι, Aesch. Prom. 9 Soph. Ant. 228 Her. 1. 2 u. A., die Strafe leiden, die Buße entrichten; auch ὑφέξειν, Soph. O. R. 552; Eur. Hec. 1253; τίνειν, Soph. El. 290; ἐκτίνειν, Her. 9, 94; Plat. Phaedr. 249 a; auch im plur., τίνεις ματρὸς δίκας Aesch. Or. 530; δίκην διδόναι ὑπό τινος, bestraft werden, Plat. Gorg. 525 b; δίκην διδόναι καὶ λαμβάνειν παρ' [[ἀλλήλων]] Her. 5, 88, allgemeiner, Recht geben u. empfangen; bes. von den athenischen Bundesgenossen, welche nach Athen kamen u. dort ihre Processe führen u. entscheiden lassen mußten, wie δίκας διδόναι ἤθελον [[παρά]] τινι, sich einem Gerichte unterziehen, Thuc. 1, 28; δίκας τῶν διαφόρων ἀλλήλοις διδόναι καὶ δέχεσθαι 1, 140. Aber Her. 1, 115 ist δίκην ἔλαβε er erhielt seine Strafe; – αἰτεῖν δίκην τῆς ἁρπαγῆς, φυγῆς, τοῦ φόνου, 1, 2. 4, 164. 8, 114; δίκην ἑλέσθαι, ἔχειν, Genugthuung erhalten, haben, 9, 94; δίκην ἐπιθεῖναι, [[ὀφλεῖν]] u. ä. s. unter den entsprechenden Verbis.