δίκη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[<b class="b3">ῐ], ἡ,</b> <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">custom, usage</b>, <b class="b3">αὕτη δ. ἐστὶ βροτῶν</b> this is the [[way]] of mortals, <span class="bibl">Od.11.218</span>; ἡ γὰρ δ. ἐστὶ γερόντων <span class="bibl">24.255</span>, etc.; ἥ τ' ἐστὶ δ. θείων βασιλήων <span class="bibl">4.691</span>; ἡ γὰρ δμώων δ. ἐστίν <span class="bibl">14.59</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἡ γὰρ δ., ὁππότε</b>… this is always <b class="b2">the way</b>, when... <span class="bibl">19.168</span> (so in late Prose, ἥπερ ἱππομαχίας δ. <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>3.15.2</span>); <b class="b3">δίκαν ἐφέπειν τινός</b> to imitate him, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.50</span>; <b class="b3">δ. ἐπέχειν τινός</b> to be [[like]]... <span class="bibl">Anon.Lond.6.18</span>; <b class="b2">normal course of nature</b>, ἐκ τουτέων ὁ θάνατος οὐ γίνεται κατά γε δίκην, οὐδ' ἢν γένηται <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VC</span>3</span>: hence, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> adverb. in acc. <b class="b3">δίκην</b>, <b class="b2">in the way of, after the manner of</b>, c. gen., λύκοιο <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.84</span>; πώλου <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Fr.</span>659</span>; τοξότου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>705e</span>; in later Prose, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>395b22</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Dem.Enc.</span>31</span>, <span class="bibl">Alciphr.1.6</span>, etc.: mostly of living creatures or persons, but also of things, as <b class="b3">δίκην ὕδατος, ἀγγείου</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>85</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phdr.</span>235d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">order, right</b>, <b class="b3">μή τι δίκης ἐπιδευές</b> nothing short of <b class="b2">what is fit</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.19.180</span>; opp. <b class="b3">βία</b>, might, <span class="bibl">16.388</span>; opp. <b class="b3">σχέτλια ἔργα</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.84</span>; personified, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>902</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>662</span>, etc.; Δίκης βωμός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>383</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>539</span> (lyr.); [[Truth]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.71</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">δίκη ἐστί</b>, = [[δίκαιόν ἐστι]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>259</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">811</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>277</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> Adverb. usages, δίκῃ <b class="b2">duly, rightly</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.23.542</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>112e</span>; ἐν δίκᾳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.12</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1069</span>, etc.; σὺν δίκῃ <span class="bibl">Thgn.197</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.96</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>444</span>, etc.; κατὰ δίκην <span class="bibl">Hdt. 7.35</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>888</span>, etc.; μετὰ δίκης <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>643e</span>; πρὸς δίκης <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1014</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1211</span> (but <b class="b3">πρὸς δίκας</b> on the score <b class="b2">of justice</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>546</span> (lyr.)); διαὶ δίκας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>641</span>; ἐκ δίκης <span class="bibl">Herod.4.77</span>: opp. παρὰ δίκαν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>2.18</span>, etc.; ἄνευ δίκης <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>554</span>; πέρα δίκης <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>30</span>; βίᾳ δίκης <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>430</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">δίχα δίκης</b> without [[trial]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ages.</span>32</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸ δίκης</b> in preference to <b class="b2">legal proceedings</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.141</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[judgement]], <b class="b3">δίκην ἰθύντατα εἰπεῖν</b> give [[judgement]] most righteously (cf. [[ἰθύς]]), <span class="bibl">Il.18.508</span>: esp. in pl., Λυκίην εἴρυτο δίκῃσί τε καὶ σθένεϊ ᾧ <span class="bibl">16.542</span>; περὶ οἶδε δίκας <span class="bibl">Od.3.244</span>, etc.; δίκαι σκολιαί <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>219</span>,<span class="bibl">250</span>; κρῖνε εὐθεῖαν δίκην <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>433</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> after Hom., of <b class="b2">proceedings instituted to determine legal rights</b>, hence, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[lawsuit]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>2a</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.210</span>, etc.; prop. <b class="b2">private suit</b> or [[action]], opp. <b class="b3">γραφή</b> (q. v.), <span class="bibl">Lys.1.44</span>, etc.; ἐκαλοῦντο αἱ γραφαὶ δίκαι, οὐ μέντοι αἱ δίκαι καὶ γραφαί <span class="bibl">Poll.8.41</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ δίκην ἔχοντες</b> the parties to <b class="b2">a suit</b>, IG7.21.8 (Megara), cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cic.</span> 17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[trial]] of the case, πρὸ δίκης <span class="bibl">Is.5.10</span>, etc.; μέχρι τοῦ δίκην γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.2.53</span>; [[court]] by which it was tried, ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστι καὶ τῇ δίκῃ <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">δίκην εἰπεῖν</b> to plead a [[cause]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.8.1</span>; δ. μακρὰν λέγειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>776</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">the object</b> or <b class="b2">consequence of the action, atonement, satisfaction, penalty</b>, <b class="b3">δίκην ἐκτίνειν, τίνειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.94</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>113</span>: adverbially in acc., τοῦ δίκην πάσχεις τάδε; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>614</span>; freq. <b class="b3">δίκην</b> or <b class="b3">δίκας διδόναι</b> suffer [[punishment]], i. e. make [[amends]] (but <b class="b3">δίκας δ</b>., in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>703</span> (lyr.), to grant [[arbitration]]); δίκας διδόναι τινί τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.106</span>; ἔμελλε τῶνδέ μοι δώσειν δίκην <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>538</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἀντί</b> or <b class="b3">ὑπέρ τινος</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span> 433</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.3.42</span>; also <b class="b3">δίκην διδόναι ὑπὸ θεῶν</b> <b class="b2">to be punished</b> by... <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>525b</span>; but <b class="b3">δίκας ἤθελον δοῦναι</b> they consented to submit to [[trial]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.28</span>; <b class="b3">δίκας λαμβάνειν</b> sts. = [[δ. διδόναι]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.115</span>; δίκην ἀξίαν ἐλάμβανες <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1312</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Heracl.</span>852</span>; more freq. its correlative, inflict [[punishment]], take [[vengeance]], <span class="bibl">Lys.1.29</span>, etc.; λαβεῖν δίκην παρά τινος <span class="bibl">D.21.92</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">9.2</span>, etc.; so <b class="b3">δίκην ἔχειν</b> to have <b class="b2">one's punishment</b>, <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.4.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>529c</span> (but <b class="b3">ἔχω τὴν δ</b>. have [[satisfaction]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ep.</span>319e</span>; παρά τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.45</span>); <b class="b3">δίκας</b> or <b class="b3">δίκην ὑπέχειν</b> stand [[trial]], <span class="bibl">Id.2.118</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>552</span>; δίκην παρασχεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>50</span>; <b class="b3">θανάτου δίκην ὀφλεῖν ὑπό τινος</b> to incur the death [[penalty]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>39b</span>; δίκας λαγχάνειν τινί <span class="bibl">D.21.78</span>; <b class="b3">δίκης τυχεῖν παρά τινος</b> ib.142; <b class="b3">δίκην ὀφείλειν, ὀφλεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.21.77</span>, <span class="bibl">47.63</span>; ἐρήμην ὀφλεῖν τὴν δ. <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.13</span>; <b class="b3">δίκην φεύγειν</b> try to escape [[it]], be the defendant in <b class="b2">the trial</b> (opp. <b class="b3">διώκειν</b> prosecute), <span class="bibl">D. 38.2</span>; <b class="b3">δίκας αἰτέειν</b> demand [[satisfaction]], <b class="b3">τινός</b> [[for]] a thing, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.114</span>; δ. ἐπιτιθέναι τινί <span class="bibl">Id.1.120</span>; <b class="b3">τινός</b> [[for]] a thing, <span class="bibl">Antipho 4.1.5</span>; δίκαι ἐπιφερόμεναι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1302b24</span>; δίκας ἀφιέναι τινί <span class="bibl">D.21.79</span>; <b class="b3">δίκας ἑλεῖν</b>, v. [[ἔρημος]] 11; <b class="b3">δίκην τείσασθαι</b>, v. [[τίνω]] 11; δὸς δὲ δίκην καὶ δέξο παρὰ Ζηνί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>312</span>; <b class="b3">δίκας διδόναι καὶ λαμβάνειν παρ' ἀλλήλων</b>, of communities, submit [[causes]] to trial, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.83</span>; δίκην δοῦναι καὶ λαβεῖν ἐν τῷ δήμῳ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ath.</span>1.18</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">δίκας δοῦναι καὶ δέξασθαι</b> submit differences to a peaceful settlement, <span class="bibl">Th.5.59</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Pythag. name for [[three]], Plu.2.381f, <span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>12; for [[five]], ib.31. (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">diś-, diśā</b> 'direction', 'quarter of the heavens'.)</span>