κόπτω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Od.18.28</span>, etc.: fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> κόψω <span class="bibl">Hippon.83</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Pk.</span>64</span>, etc.: aor. <b class="b3">ἔκοψα</b>, Ep. κόψα <span class="bibl">Il.13.203</span>: pf. <b class="b3">κέκοφα</b> (<b class="b3">ἐκ</b>-) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.5.37</span>, (περι-) <span class="bibl">Lys.14.42</span>, (συγ-) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>169b</span>; Ep. part. κεκοπώς <span class="bibl">Il.13.60</span> (v.l. -<b class="b3">φώς, -πών</b>), <span class="bibl">Od.18.335</span>:—Med., fut. κόψομαι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ez.</span>6.9</span>: aor. ἐκοψάμην <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.166</span>:—Pass., fut. <b class="b3">κεκόψομαι</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπο</b>-) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1125</span>, (<b class="b3">ἐκ</b>-) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span> 1223</span>, (κατα-) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.16</span>, κοπήσομαι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Je.</span>8.2</span>, Gal.13.759: aor. ἐκόπην <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1278</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>723</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.13</span>: pf. κέκομμαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>683</span>:— <b class="b2">cut, strike</b>, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> [[smite]], ο' ἀμφὶ κάρη κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσι <span class="bibl">Od.18.335</span>: c. dupl. acc., <b class="b3">κόψε δὲ παπτήναντα παρήϊον</b> [[smote]] him [[on]] the cheek, <span class="bibl">Il.23.690</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[smite]] with weapons, κόπτοντες δούρεσσι μετάφρενον <span class="bibl">Od.8.528</span>; τοῖσι Πέρσῃσι εἵποντο κόπτοντες <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.113</span>: metaph. in Pass., with play on words, αἰεὶ κόπτῃ ῥήμασι καὶ κοπίσιν <span class="title">AP</span>11.335. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">smite, slaughter</b> an animal with an axe or mallet, κόψας ἐξόπιθεν κεράων βοός <span class="bibl">Il.17.521</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.14.425</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.1.6</span>; in Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1278</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>635</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>838</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">cut off, chop off</b>, κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς κόψεν <span class="bibl">Il.13.203</span>; χεῖράς τ' ἠδὲ πόδας κόπτον <span class="bibl">Od.22.477</span>; κ. [τὰ γέρρα] ταῖς μαχαίραις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.6.26</span>; <b class="b3">κ. δένδρα</b> <b class="b2">cut down</b> or [[fell]] trees, <span class="bibl">Th.2.75</span>, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>5.2.39</span>,<span class="bibl">43</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τὴν χώραν</b> [[lay]] it [[waste]], ib.<span class="bibl">3.2.26</span>, <span class="bibl">4.6.5</span>:—in Pass., of ships, <b class="b2">to be shattered, disabled</b> by the enemy, <span class="bibl">Th.4.14</span>,<span class="bibl">8.13</span>:—metaph., φρενῶν κεκομμένος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>479</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τὸν ὕπνον ἁ φροντὶς κόπτοισα</b> [[preventing]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.21.28</span>; [<b class="b3">πνεῦμα] κοπτόμενον</b> <b class="b2">being suddenly stopped, arrested</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>367a10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">strike, beat</b> a horse, to make him go faster, κόψε δ' Ὀδυσσεὺς τόξῳ <span class="bibl">Il.10.513</span>; also <b class="b3">σκηπανίῳ Γαιήοχος ἀμφοτέρω</b> (sc. <b class="b3">Αἴαντε</b>) κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος <span class="bibl">13.60</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">hammer, forge</b>, κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς <span class="bibl">18.379</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.274</span>; later, [[stamp]] metal, i.e. [[coin]] money, κ. νόμισμα <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).480.11 (Siphnos, Athenian Law), <span class="bibl">Xenoph.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.56</span>:—Med., <b class="b2">coin oneself</b> money, <b class="b2">order to be coined</b>, κ. χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου νόμισμα <span class="bibl">Id.1.94</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.166</span>:—Pass., of money, <b class="b2">to be stamped</b> or [[coined]], [νομίσμασιν] μόνοις ὀρθῶς κοπεῖσι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>723</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">726</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[knock]] or <b class="b2">rap at</b>, τὴν θύραν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>132</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pl.</span>1097</span>, <span class="bibl">And. 1.41</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.4.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>538</span>, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Vit.</span>p.30</span> J., <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alc.</span>8</span>, etc.; without <b class="b3">θύραν, οὗτος, τί κόπτεις</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>976</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b2">pound, bray</b> in a mortar, κυπἐρου κεκομμένου <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.71</span>; <b class="b3">ἀσταφίδα κεκ</b>. <span class="bibl">Alex.127.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἔλαιον κεκ</b>., i.e. [[pure]] oil, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">3 Ki.</span>5.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b2">knock, dash about</b>, τὸ ὕδωρ ὅταν κοπῇ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>60b</span>; κόνις… κοπτομένη… ὑφ' ἅρμασι <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Sc.</span>63</span>; θάλασσα κοπτομένη πνοιαῖς <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.16</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">10</span> of birds, [[peck]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>609b5</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ἁλιάετος… τὰ λιμναῖα κ</b>. [[preys]] on the lagoon life, ib.<span class="bibl">593b24</span>; <b class="b3">σπειρὴν κ</b>. [[peck]] at, <span class="bibl">Arat.449</span>; of fish, [[gnaw]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 620b17</span>; of a snake, [[strike]], <span class="bibl">Il.12.204</span>:—Pass., of wood or seeds, <b class="b2">to be worm-eaten</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.18.5</span>, <span class="bibl">8.11.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">munch, masticate</b>, dub. in <span class="bibl">Chionid.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">11</span> <b class="b3">ὁ ἵππος κ. τὸν ἀναβάτην</b> [[jars]] his rider <b class="b2">by his paces</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1.4</span>:—Pass., ib.<span class="bibl">8.7</span>, Hp.Aër.21. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">12</span> <b class="b3">κ. ὄνους</b> <b class="b2">dress, prepare</b> mill-stones for use, <span class="bibl">Alex.13</span>; <b class="b2">set, sharpen</b>, <span class="bibl">Herod.6.84</span>:—Med., <span class="title">AP</span> 11.253 (Lucill.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">13</span> metaph., <b class="b2">tire out, weary</b>, μήθ' ὑμῖν ἐνοχλῶ μήτ' ἐμαυτὸν κ. <span class="bibl">D.<span class="title">Prooem.</span>29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Alciphr.2.3</span>; λέγων φαίνου τι δὴ καινὸν... ἢ μὴ κόπτε με <span class="bibl">Hegesipp.1.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Sosip.1.20</span>; μὴ κόπτ' ἔμ', ἀλλὰ τὰ κρέα <span class="bibl">Alex.173.12</span>; κ. τὴν ἀκρόασιν <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>19</span>; κ. τὰ ὦτα <span class="bibl">Poll.6.119</span>; κ. ἐρωτήμασιν ἀκαίροις <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Phoc.</span>7</span>, cf. Moer.<span class="bibl">p.74</span> P.:—Pass., <b class="b2">to be worn out</b>, κοπτόμενοι ἀεὶ ταῖς στρατείαις <span class="bibl">D.2.16</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Med. <b class="b3">κόπτομαι</b>, [[beat]] or <b class="b2">strike oneself, beat one's breast</b> or [[head]] through grief, κεφαλὴν δ' ὅ γε κόψατο χερσίν <span class="bibl">Il.22.33</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.121</span>.<b class="b3">δ</b> (also Act. <b class="b3">τί κόπτεις τὴν κεφαλήν</b>; <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Her.</span>4</span>); κόπτεσθαι μέτωπα <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.58</span> (with <b class="b3">μαχαίρῃσι</b> added <span class="bibl">2.61</span>): abs., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>60b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>619c</span>: pf. Pass., [πόλις] κέκοπται <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 683</span>:—Act. c. acc. cogn., ἐκοψα κομμὸν Ἄριον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>423</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">κόπτεσθαί τινα</b> <b class="b2">mourn for</b> any one, κόπτεσθ' Ἄδωνιν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>396</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>8.52</span>; but also ἐπί τινα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>1.7</span>, <span class="bibl">18.9</span> (v.l. [[αὐτῇ]]). (Cf. Lith. [[kapóti]], Lett. [[kapāt]] 'chop small', 'beat', 'stamp', Lat. [[capo]] 'capon', perh. <b class="b3">σκέπαρνον</b>.)</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1484.png Seite 1484]] perf. bei Hom. κεκοπώς, vgl. διακέκοφα, aor. ἐκόπην, s. κατακ., – 1) [[schlagen]], hauen; [[ὅστις]] σ' ἀμφὶ [[κάρη]] κεκοπὼς χερσὶ στιβαρῇσιν δώματος ἐκπέμψῃσι Od. 18, 334; κόψε δὲ παπτήναντα [[παρήϊον]], er schlug ihn auf die Wange, Il. 23, 690; ποτὶ γαίῃ Od. 9, 289; δούρεσσι [[μετάφρενον]] ἠδὲ καὶ ὤμους 8, 528, treffen. verwunden; auch übertr., ῥήμασι κόπτειν, mit Schmähreden verwunden; ῥήμασι καὶ κοπίσιν Ep. ad. 89 (XI, 335); erschlagen, schlachten, von Ochsen, ll. 17, 521, von Schweinen, Od. 14, 425, die auf den Kopf geschlagen werden; so κόπτοντες [[βοῦς]] καὶ ὄνους ἐπορίζοντο [[σῖτον]] Xen. An. 2, 1, 5; vgl. auch ἱκτῆρας ἐκθύει ξένους κόπτων Eur. Cycl. 371; ἐν δ' ἀτέρμονι κόπτει πεδήσασ' ἄνδρα δαιδάλῳ πέπλῳ Aesch. Eum. 605, vgl. Ag. 1251; – abhauen, χεῖρας καὶ πόδας, κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς, Il. 13, 203 Od. 22, 477; [[κύπερος]] κεκομμένος Her. 4, 71; bes. Bäume [[umhauen]], δένδρα Xen. Hell. 5, 2, 43, und daher ἐπορεύετο κόπτων καὶ κάων τὴν χώραν, 3, 2, 26, das Land verheerend, durch Umhauen der Bäume u. Anzünden des Getreides u. des Strauchwerks, wie der Häuser, und allein, τὴν χώραν κόπτων, 4, 6, 5; häufiger τέμνειν. – Aber [[σῖτος]] κόπτεται ist = das Getreide verdirbt, eigtl. wird von Würmern beschädigt, Theophr.; – schlagen, verwunden; κόψε γὰρ αὐτὸν κατὰ [[στῆθος]], von einer Schlange, [[beißen]], Il. 12, 204; τὰ μέτωπα κόπτονται μαχαίραις Her. 2, 61; von Vögeln, [[hacken]], Arist. H. A. 9, 1; Arat. 448; von Fischen, [[anbeißen]], Arist. H. A. 9, 37; – auch von Schiffen, die einen Stoß der feindlichen erhalten, κοπεῖσαι ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀττικῶν Thuc. 8, 13, wie Plut. Alc. 27 sagt προσκείμενος ἔκοπτε τὰς [[ναῦς]] καὶ συνετί. τρωσκε ἄνδρας. – Uebertr., Aesch. Ag. 479 φρενῶν κεκομμένος, wie sonst βεβλαμμένος, vom Wahnsinn. – Auch schlagen, um zum Laufen [[anzutreiben]], wie Odysseus die Rosse mit dem Bogen schlägt, Il. 10, 513, u. Poseidon die beiden Aias ermuthigt, ἀμφοτέρω κεκοπὼς πλῆσεν μένεος 13, 60; – hämmern, [[schmieden]], κόπτε δὲ δεσμούς, vom Hephästus, Il. 18, 379 Od. 8, 274 (vgl. [[ἐλαύνω]]). – Bes. auch = Geld schlagen, [[prägen]], [[νόμισμα]] μολίβδου, Münze aus Blei, Her. 3, 56; καλλίστοις νομισμάτων καὶ μόνοις ὀρθῶς κοπεῖσιν Ar. Ran. 721; Arist. Oec. 2, 20 und Sp.; auch med., = schlagen lassen, Her. 4, 166; und = act., Αἰγινῆται πρῶτον [[νόμισμα]] ἐκόψαντο, eigtl. für sich, Ael. V. H. 10, 12; – θύραν, an die Thür <b class="b2">klopfen, pochen</b>, wie der thut, der in das Haus hineingehen will, nach den Atticisten die eigtl. att, Form, hellenistisch κρούειν (w. m. s.); [[τίς]] ἔσθ' ὁ κόπτων τὴν θύραν; Ar. Plut. 1097; Xen. Hell. 5, 4, 7 u. A.; auch Sp., wie Plut. Alc. 8; auch πρὸς τὴν θύραν, Luc. Nigrin. 2; – [[zerstoßen]], im Mörser, Her. 4, 71; [[κόνις]] κοπτομένη ὑφ' ἅρμασι Hes. sc. 62. – 2) im mildern Sinne, Einem lästig fallen, ihn bedrängen, [[quälen]]; οἱ κοπτόμενοι wird Dem. 2, 16 ταλαιπωρούμενοι erkl.; vgl. Hegesipp. bei Ath. VII, 290 b u. Sosipat. ib. IX, 378 b (v. 20); [[ermüden]], obtundere, ἐρωτήμασιν ἀκαίροις Plut. Phoc. 7. – Aehnl. von Pferden, [[stoßen]], durch Stoßen den Reiter ermüden, τὸν ἀναβάτην κόπτει ὁ [[ἵππος]] Xen. de re equ. 1, 4, vgl. 8, 7. – 3) Med. sich schlagen, κεφαλήν Il. 22, 33, wie Her. 2, 161, 4; bes. = sich die Brust schlagen, zum Zeichen der Trauer, dah. <b class="b2">trauern, wehklagen</b>, wie plangere; [[πόλις]] στένει, κέκοπται Aesch. Pers. 683, der auch ἔκοψε κομμὸν Ἄρειον verbindet in dieser Bdtg, Ch. 417; κόπτεσθ' Ἄδωνιν Ar. Lys. 397; κόπτεσθαι καὶ ὀδύρεσθαι τὴν αἵρεσιν Plat. Rep. X, 619 c; βοῶσάν τε καὶ κοπτομένην Phaed. 60 a; neben πενθεῖν, Luc. Sacrif. 15; a. Sp.