σίδηρος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῐ], Dor. σίδᾱρος <span class="title">IG</span>42(1).102.61 (Epid., iv B.C.), etc.: ὁ; also ἡ, <span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Th.</span>923</span>: neut. σίδηρον, τό, Sch.D <span class="bibl">Il.4.151</span>, v.l. in <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.65</span> and <span class="bibl">Daimachus 4J.</span> (but prob. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> f.l. for [[σιδήριον]] in Gal.19.72, cf. Hsch. s.v. [[Ἀκίς]]): pl. σίδηρα <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>2.12</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>26.36</span>, Tz. (v. infr.): —<b class="b2">iron</b>, σ. πολιός <span class="bibl">Il.9.366</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.24.168</span>; ἰόεις <span class="bibl">Il.23.850</span>; μέλας <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 151</span>; αἴθων <span class="bibl">Il.4.485</span>, al.; πολύκμητος <span class="bibl">6.48</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Od.9.393</span>; as an article of traffic, οἰνίζοντο . . Ἀχαιοί, ἄλλοι μὲν χαλκῷ, ἄλλοι δ' αἴθωνι σ. <span class="bibl">Il.7.473</span>; πλέων . . μετὰ χαλκόν· ἄγω δ' αἴθωνα σίδηρον <span class="bibl">Od.1.184</span>; <b class="b3">χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σ</b>., of treasures, <span class="bibl">Il.11.133</span>, al.; as a prize, <span class="bibl">23.261</span>,<span class="bibl">850</span>; <b class="b3">Σκύθης σ</b>., because brought from the Euxine, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>818</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ πόντιος ξεῖνος . . θηκτὸς σ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">942</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> freq. as a symbol of <b class="b2">hardness</b> (cf. σιδήρεος <span class="bibl">1.2</span>), or of <b class="b2">stubborn force</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.20.372</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.494</span>; <b class="b3">ὀφθαλμοὶ ὡσεὶ κέρα ἕστασαν ἠὲ σ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">211</span>; οὔ σφι λίθος χρὼς οὐδὲ σ. <span class="bibl">Il.4.510</span>; ἐκ σ. κεχάλκευται . . καρδίαν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>123.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Fr.</span>658</span>; ἦσθα πέτρος ἢ σ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1279</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>666c</span>; also of <b class="b2">firmness, steadfastness</b>, <b class="b3">πέτρης ὅ γ' ἔχων νόον ἠὲ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Mosch.4.44</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.5.22</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">anything made of iron, iron tool</b> or <b class="b2">implement</b>, for husbandry, <span class="bibl">Il.4.485</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.834</span>: also of weapons, <b class="b2">arrow-head</b>, <span class="bibl">4.123</span>; <b class="b2">sword</b> or <b class="b2">knife</b>, <span class="bibl">18.34</span>, <span class="bibl">23.30</span>; αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐφέλκεται ἄνδρα σ. <span class="bibl">Od. 16.294</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>966</span> (lyr.); <b class="b2">axe-head</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.587</span>: generally, <b class="b2">arms</b>, οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι σ. κατέθεντο <span class="bibl">Th.1.6</span>; ὅπλοις τε καὶ σιδήρῳ διώξειν <span class="title">OGI</span>532.25 (Galatia, i B.C.): also, <b class="b2">knife, sickle</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>387</span>: pl., <b class="b2">fishing-hooks</b>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.21.49</span>; <b class="b2">irons, fetters</b>, <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>2.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Tz.<span class="title">H.</span>13.302</span>; cf. [[σιδήριον]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">place for selling iron, smithy</b> or <b class="b2">cutler's shop</b>, ἀγαγόντα εἰς τὸν σ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.3.7</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0879.png Seite 879]] ὁ, dor. [[σίδαρος]], <b class="b2">Eisen</b>, Stahl; bei Hom. bes. mit den Beiworten [[πολιός]] und [[αἴθων]], auch πολύκμ ητος, u. bei Hes. O. 153 [[μέλας]]. Es fand unter allen Metallen dei den Griechen am spätesten allgemeinen Eingang, dah. bei Hom. viel seltner als [[χαλκός]]; Gegenstand des Tauschhandels, Od. 1, 184; vgl. Hes. O. 157; Pind. u. Tragg.: χαλκόν, [[σίδηρον]], ἄργυρον, χρυσόν τε, Aesch. Prom. 502; διέλαχον σφυρηλάτῳ Σκύθῃ σιδήρῳ κτημάτων παμπησίαν Spt. 817, Eisen für »Schwert«, κτείνοντ' αἴθωνι σιδήρῳ, Soph. Ai. 147; τέμνει σιδήρῳ πνεύματος διαῤῥοάς, Eur. Hec. 567; θηκτῷ σιδήρῳ [[δῶμα]] διαλαχεῖν, Phoen. 68: u. in Prosa überall: οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι τὸν σίδηρο κατέθεντο, Thuc. 1, 6, trugen keine Schwerter mchr; [[σίδηρος]] καὶ χαλκὸς πολέμων ὄργανα, Plat. Legg. XII, 956 a, u. öfter. Bei Xen. Hell. 3, 3, 7, ἀγαγὼν εἰς τὸν [[σίδηρον]], wird erklärt »auf den Eisenmarkt«. – Nic. Ther. 924 hat auch ἡ [[σίδηρος]] gebraucht. – Im plur. findet sich zuweilen τὰ σίδηρα. Vgl. [[σίδηρον]].