φείδομαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Anacr.101</span>, etc.: impf. <b class="b3">φείδοντο</b> (without augm.) even in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>716</span> after a diphth. at the end of the preceding line: fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> φείσομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>312</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>31a</span>, etc., Ep. πεφῐδήσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.15.215</span>, later fut. Pass. in med. sense <b class="b3">φ&lt;ε&gt;ισθήσομαι</b> <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PUniv.Giss.</span>21.6</span> (ii A.D.): aor. 1 ἐφεισάμην <span class="bibl">Sol.32.1</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>412</span>, <span class="bibl">And.2.11</span>, etc., Ep.3sg. φείσατο <span class="bibl">Il.24.236</span>: Ep. redupl. aor. 2 <b class="b3">πεφῐδόμην</b>, used by Hom. in opt. <b class="b3">πεφῐδοίμην, πεφίδοιτο</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.277</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.20.464</span>, inf. πεφιδέσθαι <span class="bibl">21.101</span>: pf. part. πεφεισμένος <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>59</span> (in med. sense, <span class="bibl">D.C. 50.20</span>); Ep. imper. πεφίδησο <span class="title">IG</span>14.1363.16; part. πεφιδημένος <span class="bibl">Nonn. <span class="title">D.</span>12.392</span>:—[[spare]]: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> [[spare]] persons and things, e.g. in war, i.e. <b class="b2">not destroy</b> them, c. gen., Τρώων <span class="bibl">Il.21.101</span>; ἀνδρός <span class="bibl">24.158</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.9.277</span>, <span class="bibl">22.54</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>31a</span>; Ἰλίου <span class="bibl">Il.15.215</span>; Ἄρης οὐκ ἀγαθῶν φ. Anacr. l. c.; ἀπ' ἀνδρῶν ὧν Ἄρης ἐφείσατο <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>412</span>; γῆς πατρίδος Sol. l.c.; <b class="b3">μὴ φείσῃ βίου</b> [[spare]] not my life, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>749</span>; μὴ φείδεσθε . . στρατοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 844</span>; φ. μήτε ἰδίου μήτε δημοσίου οἰκοδομήματος <span class="bibl">Th.1.90</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.74</span>: abs., <b class="b2">spare, be merciful</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">59</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[spare]] persons and things in using them, <b class="b2">use sparingly</b>, <b class="b3">ἵππων φειδόμενος</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">taking care</b> of them, <span class="bibl">Il.5.202</span>; πίθου μεσσόθι φ. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>369</span>; <b class="b3">φ. ὃν εἶχε βίον</b> (<b class="b3">βίον</b> by attraction to the relat.) <span class="bibl">Thgn.908</span>; ἰδίᾳ μὲν τῶν &lt;ὄντων&gt; φείδομαι δημοσίᾳ δὲ λῃτουργῶν ἥδομαι <span class="bibl">Lys.21.16</span>; φείδεσθε τοὐλαίου σφόδρα Pl. Com.190: in this sense, most freq. with a negat., <b class="b3">οὐ φ</b>. not <b class="b2">to spare</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">to use</b> or <b class="b2">give freely</b>, οὐδέ νυ τοῦ περ [δέπαος] φείσατο <span class="bibl">Il.24.236</span>; μὴ φείδεο σίτου <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>604</span>; θνῄσκωμεν ψυχέων μηκέτι φειδόμενοι <span class="bibl">Tyrt.10.14</span>; τᾶς ζωᾶς <span class="bibl">Id.15.5</span>; σφετέρας οὐ φείσατο νευρᾶς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>6(5).33</span>; φείδεο τῶν νεῶν, μηδὲ ναυμαχίην ποιέο <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.68</span>. ά; τούτων φ. μηδενός <span class="bibl">Id.9.41</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">39</span>; φείδοντο κέντρων οὐδέν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>716</span>; οὐδὲν φ. αὐτῶν οὔτ' ἐν πόνοις κτλ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.2.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.1.29</span>; οὔτε τοῦ σώματος οὔτε τῶν ὄντων <span class="bibl">And.2.11</span>; οὐδενὸς ἂν ἐφείσατο τῶν ἑαυτοῦ <span class="bibl">Lys.19.24</span>; οὔθ' ἱερῶν κτεάνων οὔτε τι δημοσίων φ. <span class="bibl">Sol.4.13</span>; μήτε χρημάτων μήτε πόνων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>78a</span>: later also c. acc., <b class="b3">τῶν συμμάχων</b> and <b class="b3">τὰ τῶν συμμάχων</b> both in <span class="bibl">D.C.50.20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> abs., <b class="b2">to be sparing, live thriftily</b>, φείδεσθαι μὲν ἄμεινον <span class="bibl">Thgn.931</span>; τοὺς φειδομένους καὶ τοὺς ἀκριβῶς διαιτῶντας <span class="bibl">And.4.32</span>; οἱ γεωργοῦντες καὶ φ. <span class="bibl">D.24.172</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Antipho Soph.53</span>; freq. in part. <b class="b3">φειδόμενος, η, ον,</b> [[thrifty]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>247</span>,<span class="bibl">553</span> (anap.), etc.; <b class="b3">ὄμμασι φειδομένοις</b> with <b class="b2">shrinking, shy</b> eyes, <span class="title">AP</span>12.21 (Strat.), cf. <span class="bibl">5.215</span> (Agath.), <span class="bibl">268</span> (Id.); <b class="b3">αἱ μὴ φ</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">μέλισσαι</b>) the un[[thrifty]] ones, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>627a20</span>: also ἔπαινοι πάνυ πεφεισμένοι <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>59</span>; πεφιδημένα δάκτυλα <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>12.392</span>; cf. <b class="b3">πεφεισμένως, φειδομένως</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">have consideration for</b>, τῆς τοῦ λόγου συμμετρίας Plu.2.114b: with neg., [[pay]] no <b class="b2">heed to</b>, οὔτ' ἀνθρώπων φείδεται οὔτε θεῶν <span class="title">AP</span>5.278 (Paul.Sil.), cf. <span class="bibl">7.706</span> (Diog.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">draw back from, refrain from</b>, θαλάσσας Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>4.13 (prob.); κελεύθου <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>9.20</span>; κινδύνου <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.5.18</span>; τᾶς θήρας <span class="bibl">Bion<span class="title">Fr.</span>10.12</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ λέγειν, τοῦ ἀκολουθεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.19</span> (v.l.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HG</span>7.1.24</span>; φείδου μηδὲν ὧνπερ ἐννοεῖς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>115</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>401</span>, etc.; οὐδενὸς φεισάμενος οὔτε τῶν πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς οὔτε τῶν πρὸς τοὺς πολίτας δικαίων <span class="title">SIG</span>708.36 (Istropolis, ii B.C.): (abs., μὴ φείδεσθε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1285</span>; φείδου μηδέν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1044</span>; μὴ φείδου, εἴ τι ἔχεις διδάσκειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.35</span>): c. inf., [[spare]] to do, [[forbear]] from doing, dub. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>393</span> (fort. abs., post <b class="b3">φείδου δ'</b> distinguendum); also φ. μή τι δρᾶσαι τῶν τυραννικῶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>574b</span>; τί φειδόμεσθα τῶν λίθων . . μὴ οὐ καταξαίνειν τὸν ἄνδρα; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>319</span> (troch.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> in LXX, with Preps., φ. ἐπί τινι <b class="b2">have mercy upon... Je</b>. 15.5, 21.7; ἐπί τινα Id.28(51).3; <b class="b3">φ. περί τινος</b> <b class="b2">to keep one's hands off</b>... <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ki.</span>12.6</span> (but <b class="b3">φ. περὶ κακώσεως</b> [[spare]] to hurt, ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Si.</span>13.12</span>); φ. ὑπὲρ τῆς κολοκύνθης <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Jn.</span>4.10</span>; ἀπό τινος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ki.</span>15.3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ez.</span> 24.21</span>; <b class="b3">φ. τι ἀπό τινος</b> [[keep]] it <b class="b2">off, Jb</b>.<span class="bibl">30.10</span>; <b class="b3">φ. τῆς ψυχῆς ἀπὸ θανάτου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">33.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ps.</span>18(19).14</span>; <b class="b3">φειδεύμενοι</b> (from contr. φειδέομαι) is cj. for <b class="b3">φιλεύμεναι</b> in <span class="bibl">Eus.Mynd.17</span>.</span>