νήφω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Ch. 3, 134<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">be sober, fast</b>, often metaph.<br />Other forms: Dor. <b class="b3">νάφω</b>, in the older language only present, mostly in ptc. (IA., Thgn., Archil.), aor. <b class="b3">νῆψαι</b> (J., 1. Ep. Pet. 4, 7).<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">νήφων</b>, <b class="b3">-ονος</b> in <b class="b3">νήφονες νήφοντες</b> H., dat. pl. <b class="b3">νήφοσι</b> (Thgn.); 2. <b class="b3">νηφάλιος</b> <b class="b2">without wine</b>, of drink-offerings etc. (A.), later also of persons [[fasten]] (Ph., J.) with <b class="b3">νηφαλιεύω</b> <b class="b2">bring a drinkoffering without wine</b> (Poll.), <b class="b3">νηφαλίζω</b> in <b class="b3">νηφαλισμένον ὕδατι</b>, <b class="b3">οὑκ οἴνῳ ἡγνισμένον</b> H.; besides <b class="b3">νηφαλιεύς</b> surn. of Apollon (AP 9, 525, 14: <b class="b3">-έα</b>, metr. enlargement at verse-end, cf. Bosshardt 70); also <b class="b3">νηφαλέος</b> (Hdn. Gr., Ph.; after <b class="b3">αὑαλέος</b> etc., Debrunner IF 23, 17 f.) and <b class="b3">νηφαντικός</b> [[sobering]] (Pl. Phlb. 61, Porph.) as from <b class="b3">*νηφαίνω</b>; cf. e.g. <b class="b3">σημαλέος</b> : <b class="b3">σημαντικός</b>; on the suffixchange <b class="b3">λ</b> : <b class="b3">ν</b> in gen. s. e.g. Schwyzer 483, Benveniste Origines 45 f. -- Verbal noun <b class="b3">νῆψις</b> f. [[soberness]] (Plb., Str.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [754] *?? [[sober]]<br />Etymology: Of <b class="b3">νήφω</b>, <b class="b3">νάφω</b> reminds Arm. <b class="b2">nawt'i</b> [[sober]] (Pedersen KZ 39, 349), but the phonetical, morphological and semantic interpretation of the Armenian form is unclear. Arm. <b class="b2">nawt'i</b> is prob. <b class="b2">i-</b> (<b class="b2">i̯o-</b>)deriv. of an unattested noun <b class="b2">*nawt</b>, which formally agrees to [[canawt]] [[known]] (to the aor. <b class="b2">can-eay</b>, pres. <b class="b2">čanač̣em</b> [[recognise]], s. <b class="b3">γιγνώσκω</b>) and like this must have a dental suffix; even the semantic relation is unclear, De Lamberterie, RPh. 72 (1998)134 (= DELG Suppl.); cf. Clackson 1994, 154ff; even the long [[a]] of Greek is doubted; so de L. prefers to connect Lat. [[ebrius]] and reconstructs <b class="b2">*n̥-h₁gʷʰon-</b>. -- Given the preponderance of the nominal forms (including the ptc. <b class="b3">νήφων</b>) as also the meaning one might think that the relatively rare present <b class="b3">νήφω</b> (with secondary <b class="b3">νῆψαι</b>) was a denominative and to start from a noun <b class="b3">*ναφ(ο-</b>) v.t. (cf. for the type Schwyzer 722f.), to which there was an [[l]] \/ <b class="b2">n-</b>stem <b class="b3">νηφ-άλ-ιος</b>, <b class="b3">νήφ-ον-</b>. -- OHG <b class="b2">nuoh-turn</b> [[sober]], earlier conidered a testimony for an IE <b class="b2">*nāgʷʰ-</b>, remains far as LW [loanword] (Lat. [[nocturnus]]), s. WP. 2, 317 w. further lit.