ἄτη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, Dor. ἄτα, Aeol. αὐάτα ( ἀ<b class="b3">ϝ-</b>), v. infr.:—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[bewilderment]], [[infatuation]], caused by [[blindness]] or [[delusion]] sent by the gods, mostly as the punishment of guilty rashness, τὸν δ' ἄτη φρένας εἷλε <span class="bibl">Il.16.805</span>; Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἦ ῥά τιν' ἤδη . . βασιλήων τῇδ' ἄτῃ ἄασας <span class="bibl">8.237</span>; Ζεὺς καὶ Μοῖρα καὶ . . Ἐρινὺς . . φρεσὶν ἔμβαλον ἄγριον ἄτην <span class="bibl">19.88</span> (so <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ ἀασάμην καί μευ φρένας ἐξέλετο Ζεύς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">137</span>); <b class="b3">ἄτην δὲ μετέστενον ἣν Ἀφροδίτη δῶχ' ὅτε μ' ἤγαγε κεῖσε</b>, says Helen, <span class="bibl">Od.4.261</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">Ἄτη</b> personified, <b class="b2">the goddess of mischief</b>, author of <b class="b2">rash actions</b>, πρέσβα Διὸς θυγάτηρ, Ἄτη, ἣ πάντας ἀᾶται <span class="bibl">Il.19.91</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.504</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Th.</span>230</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>195d</span>; Ἄτης ἂν λειμῶνα <span class="bibl">Emp.121.4</span>; coupled with <b class="b3">Ἐρινύς</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1433</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of the consequences of such visitations, either, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> Act., <b class="b2">reckless guilt</b> or [[sin]], Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκ' ἄτης <span class="bibl">Il.6.356</span>: in pl., [[deceptions]], <span class="bibl">10.391</span>: or, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Pass., [[bane]], [[ruin]], <span class="bibl">24.480</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.32</span>; <b class="b3">ἐγγύα, πάρα δ' ἄτα</b> prov. in Thales ap.Stob.3.1.172: <b class="b3">τὸ πῆμα τῆς ἄτης</b> the anguish of the [[doom]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>363</span> (lyr.); ὕβρις γὰρ ἐξανθοῦσ' ἐκάρπωσε σταχὺν ἄτης <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>822</span>; Πειθὼ προβουλόπαις . . ἄτης <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>386</span> (lyr.): pl., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>653</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">1037</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>848</span>, etc.; <b class="b2">strokes of fate</b>, ἀνδρείη τὰς ἄτας μικρὰς ἔρδει <span class="bibl">Democr.213</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> Trag., of persons, [[bane]], [[pest]], δίκην ἄτης λαθραίου <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1230</span>; δύ' ἄτα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>533</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">ill-fated person</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1268</span> codd.—Not in Comedy (unless read for <b class="b3">αὐτῆς</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>605</span>) nor in Att. Prose (exc. as pr.n.and in quotations of ἐγγύα, πάρα δ' ἄτα Cratin. Jun.<span class="bibl">12</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>165a</span>), but found in <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">VV</span>1251b20</span>; κῆρας καὶ ἄτας <span class="bibl">D.H.8.61</span>; <b class="b3">τοιαύτας κακὰς ἄτας</b> such [[abominations]], of certain Epicurean expressions, <span class="bibl">Cleom.2.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[fine]], [[penalty]], or <b class="b2">sum lost</b> in a lawsuit, <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>11.34, al. (From <b class="b3">ἀάω</b>, q. v.: orig. <b class="b3">ἀϝάτη</b>, Aeol. αὐάτα Alc. <span class="title">Supp.</span>23.12, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.28</span>, <span class="bibl">3.24</span>, <span class="title">Lyr.Adesp.</span>123.) [ᾰᾰτη<b class="b3">, ᾱτη; ᾰτη</b> is dub. in <span class="bibl">Archil.73</span>.]</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0385.png Seite 385]] (ἀάω), ἡ, Verletzung, Schaden, Unheil, Verderben, Il. 2, 111. 8, 237; so auch Pind. u. Tragg.; bes. als Folge des Götterzornes, der sich nach den Alten vorzüglich in einer Verwirrung des Geistes äußerte; dah. Verblendung, Bethörung, Thorheit, als göttliche Schickung; vgl. Od. 4, 261 Il. 19, 88; ἄτη φρένας εἷλε Il. 16, 805; vgl. 1, 412. 9, 115; Täuschung, 10, 391. Mit dem Nebenbegriff der Schuld, welche eine solche Strafe herbeiführt, Il. 24, 480; häufig so bei tragg.; übh. Frevel, bes. durch eine solche Verblendung begangener, Il. 6, 356; Tragg.; daraus entstandenes Weh; Soph. vrbdt [[στεναγμός]], ἄτη, [[θάνατος]], O. R. 1284. Personificirt: die Unheilsgöttin, die Urheberin aller leidenschaftlichen, in Geistesverblendung unternommenen Handlungen, vgl. Il. 9, 504 f 19, 91 f; Hes. Ih. 230; Buttm. Lexil. I p. 227 Mützell Hes. Th. p. 118. Metonymisch bei Tragg., heillos, z.B. die Sphinx, Soph. O. R. 164; unglücklich, O. C. 536, von den beiden Töchtern des Oedipus. – In Prosa, Her. 1, 37, Unglück; sonst nur bei Sp., z. B. Dion. Hal. 8, 61 ἆται καὶ κῆρες. Vgl. Lehrs Rhein. Mus. N. F. I, 4 p. 593 ff., der es »Unsal« übersetzt.

|btext=ης (ἡ) :<br /><b>I. 1</b> fléau envoyé par les dieux comme châtiment d’une faute, <i>particul.</i> aveuglement de l’esprit, égarement, folie;<br /><b>2</b> faute commise par suite de l’égarement de l’esprit ; faute, crime ; [[αἱ]] ἄται tromperies, mensonges;<br /><b>3</b> ruine, désastre, malheur ; <i>en parl. de pers.</i> fléau, peste;<br /><b>II.</b> <i>n. pr.</i> ἡ Ἄτη :<br /><b>1</b> la Fatalité, la déesse du malheur;<br /><b>2</b> déesse du châtiment et de la vengeance.<br />'''Étymologie:''' p. *ἀάτη, de [[ἀάω]].

|auten=([[ἀάω]]): [[ruinous]] [[mischief]], [[ruin]], [[usually]] in [[consequence]] of [[blind]] and [[criminal]] [[folly]], [[infatuation]]; ἦ με μαλ' [[εἰς]] ἄτην κοιμήσατε νηλέι ὕπνῳ (addressed to the gods by [[Odysseus]]; [[while]] he slept his comrades had laid hands on the [[cattle]] of Helius), Od. 12.372, cf. Il. 2.111, Il. 8.237 ; τὸν δ' [[ἄτη]] φρένας εἷλε, ‘[[blindness]]’ (cf. [[what]] follows, [[στῆ]] δὲ [[ταφών]]: [[Patroclus]] stands dazed by the [[shock]] [[received]] [[from]] [[Apollo]]), Il. 16.805 ; εἵνεκ' ἐμεἶο κυνὸς καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκ ἄτης (said by Helen), Il. 6.356; pl., ἐμὰς ἄτᾶς κατέλεξας, Il. 9.115, Κ 3, Il. 19.270. The notions of [[folly]] and the consequences of [[folly]] are [[naturally]] [[confused]] in [[this]] [[word]], cf. Il. 24.480, and [[some]] of the passages cited [[above]].— Personified, Ἄτη, [[Ate]], the [[goddess]] of [[infatuation]], [[πρέσβα]] Διὸς θυγάνηρ Ἄτη, ἣ πάντας [[ἀᾶται]], Il. 19.91 (see [[what]] follows as [[far]] as v. 130, [[also]] Il. 9.500 ff.).

|dgtxt=-ης, ἡ<br /><br /><b class="num">• Alolema(s):</b> eol. [[ἀυάτα]] Alc.70.12, <i>Lyr.Adesp</i>.55, Pi.<i>P</i>.2.28, 3.24; jón. [[ἀάτη]] Archil.215, Call.<i>Fr</i>.557; dór. ἄτα Ibyc.1(a).8, Epich.250, A.<i>A</i>.386, S.<i>Ant</i>.624<br /><br /><b class="num">• Prosodia:</b> [ᾱ]<br /><br /><b class="num">• Morfología:</b> [dat. plu. ἀυάταισι Alc.10.7]<br /><b class="num">I</b> <b class="num">1</b>[[desvarío]], [[ofuscación]] de funestas consecuencias<br /><b class="num">a)</b> inspirado por un dios o démon a una pers. ἐγὼ δ' οὐκ αἴτιός εἰμι, ἀλλὰ Ζεὺς καὶ μοῖρα καὶ Ἐρινύς, οἵ τέ μοι ... φρεσὶν ἔμβαλον ἄγριον ἄτην <i>Il</i>.19.88, ἄτην, ἣν [[Ἀφροδίτη]] δῶχ' <i>Od</i>.4.261, cf. 23.223, Ζεύς με ... ἄτῃ ἐνέδωκε βαρείῃ <i>Il</i>.2.111, [[εἵνεκα]] ... ἄτης ... τήν οἱ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε ... Ἐρινύς <i>Od</i>.15.233, [[ἄτη]] ... ἣν ὁπόταν Ζεὺς πέμψῃ ... Sol.1.75, cf. A.<i>Ch</i>.383, <i>Pr</i>.1072, 1078, <i>Th</i>.315, ὅτῳ φρένας θεὸς [[ἄγει]] πρὸς ἄταν S.<i>Ant</i>.624, cf. <i>Tr</i>.851, ἔπεσον δαίμονος ἄτῃ E.<i>Hipp</i>.241, οὐκ ἀλλοτρίαν ἄτην, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ἁμαρτῶν S.<i>Ant</i>.1260, cf. <i>Ai</i>.123, <i>Ph</i>.1066, οὐδεὶς ἑκὼν πονηρὸς οὐδ' ἄταν ἔχων Epich.43;<br /><b class="num">b)</b> producido por agentes como el vino <i>Od</i>.21.302, Panyas.17.8, 18, el amor, A.<i>Ch</i>.597, u otros νιν ὕβρις εἰς αὐάταν ... ὦρσεν Pi.<i>P</i>.2.28, cf. 3.24<br /><b class="num">•</b>gener. γνῷ δὲ ... [[Ἀγαμέμνων]] ἣν ἄτην <i>Il</i>.1.412, cf. Hes.<i>Sc</i>.93;<br /><b class="num">c)</b> como agente activo ὡς δ' ὅτ' ἂν ἄνδρ' [[ἄτη]] ... λάβῃ <i>Il</i>.24.480, τὸν δ' [[ἄτη]] φρένας εἷλε <i>Il</i>.16.805, cf. 19.126, 129, 136, ἤμβλακον, καί πού τιν' ἄλλον ἡ [[ἀάτη]] κιχήσατο Archil.l.c., cf. Sol.1.13<br /><b class="num">•</b>en metáf. ἄτης ἄνθεα Sol.3.35, ἄτης θύελλαι ζῶσι en Troya conquistada, A.<i>A</i>.819, cf. Ar.<i>Pax</i> 605<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. personif. como divinidad [[Ofuscación]], [[Desvarío]], [[Ate]] Δίκην Ἄτην Ἐρινύν τε A.<i>A</i>.1433, cf. <i>Ch</i>.403, a la que se crean genealogías: hija de Zeus Διὸς θυγάτηρ Ἄτη, ἣ πάντας ἀᾶται <i>Il</i>.19.91, de Eride, Hes.<i>Th</i>.230, Πειθὼ ... παῖς [[Ἄτας]] A.<i>A</i>.386<br /><b class="num">•</b>Ἄτης λειμών el prado de Ate (poblado de démones malignos)</i> fig. del mundo, Emp.B 121, 158, cf. Pl.<i>Smp</i>.195d, Nonn.<i>D</i>.11.113, Q.S.1.753;<br /><b class="num">d)</b> en plu. [[desvaríos]], [[locuras]] Ζεῦ πάτερ, ἦ μεγάλας ἄτας ἄνδρεσσι διδοῖσθαι <i>Il</i>.19.270, πολλῇσιν μ' ἄτῃσι παρὲκ νόου ἤγαγεν Ἕκτωρ <i>Il</i>.10.391, cf. 9.115, Hes.<i>Op</i>.216, 413, Alc.10.7, ᾧτινι μὴ θυμοῦ κρῆσσον νόος, αἰὲν ἐν ἄταις Thgn.631, cf. S.<i>OC</i> 1244.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[ofuscación]], [[desvarío]], [[locura]] que es a la vez [[culpa]] Ἀλεξάνδρου ἕνεκ' ἄτης <i>Il</i>.6.356, καθαρμοῖσιν ἀτᾶν ἐλατηρίοις A.<i>Ch</i>.968, ματρῷαι λέκτρων ἄται S.<i>Ant</i>.862, cf. <i>OC</i> 526.<br /><b class="num">II</b> del resultado de semejante conducta<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[ruina]], [[calamidad]], [[desastre]]<br /><b class="num">a)</b> que recae sobre un individuo ἦ με μάλ' εἰς ἄτην κοιμήσατε ... ὕπνῳ en verdad, para mi perdición me habéis dormido</i>, <i>Od</i>.12.372, εἰς μεγάλην ἄτην ... ἔπεσε Sol.1.68, πυθέσθαι παιδὸς ... ἄταν enterarse de la catástrofe de su hijo (Áyax)</i>, S.<i>Ai</i>.642;<br /><b class="num">b)</b> sobre ciudades y colectivos οὐδὲ ... λιμὸς ὀπηδεῖ οὐδ' [[ἄτη]] Hes.<i>Th</i>.231, δᾶμον μὲν εἰς ἀυάταν ἄγων Alc.70.12, cf. Ibyc.l.c., Pi.<i>O</i>.10.37, A.<i>Supp</i>.470, στεναγμός, [[ἄτη]], θάνατος S.<i>OT</i> 1284<br /><b class="num">•</b>que afecta a familias a través de generaciones φίλοισιν ἄτην ἐξοπίσω παισὶν ἐπεκρέμασεν Thgn.206, cf. 103, δολίαν ἄτην οἴκοισιν ἔθηκ' A.<i>A</i>.1523, cf. 1566, <i>Eu</i>.376, E.<i>El</i>.1307, o al género humano μὴ οἷόν τε ἐκτὸς ἄτης βαίνειν Critias B 49, οὐδὲν ἔρπει θνατῶν ... ἐκτὸς ἄτης S.<i>Ant</i>.614, cf. 625, οὐδὲν ... ἄτης [[ἄτερ]] ... ἔσθ' S.<i>Ant</i>.4;<br /><b class="num">c)</b> en plu. [[desgracias]], [[aflicciones]], [[castigos]] ἀνδρείη τὰς ἄτας μικρὰς ἔρδει Democr.B 213, φίλων ἄταισι ποντίαισιν en las catástrofes marinas de amigos</i> A.<i>Pers</i>.1037, ἄγγειλον ἄτας τὰς ἐμὰς ... πατρί S.<i>Ai</i>.848, cf. <i>OT</i> 1205, εἰς ἄτας al desastre</i>, <i>Sam.Ex</i>.10.7.<br /><b class="num">2</b> pred., dicho de pers. y personif. que son (un) [[desastre]], (una) [[calamidad]], (una) «ate» [[δίλογχος]] [[ἄτη]] de Ares, A.<i>A</i>.643, de la esfinge, S.<i>OT</i> 164, παῖδε, δύο δ' ἄτα S.<i>OC</i> 531, cf. <i>Ant</i>.533, χρῆν με καλεῖν ἀάτην Call.<i>Fr</i>.557, de otras concretas ἔμβαλε ... τὰν μελανόζυγ' ἄταν de la nave funesta, A.<i>Supp</i>.530<br /><b class="num">•</b>de dichos καὶ ἄλλας τοιαύτας κακὰς ἄτας y otros tales horrores</i> pronunciados por los epicúreos, Cleom.2.1.91.<br /><b class="num">3</b> op. κέρδος ‘riqueza’ y ‘felicidad’ [[ruina]], [[pérdida]], [[perdición]] μὴ κακὰ κερδαίνειν· κακὰ κέρδεα ἶσ' ἄτῃσιν Hes.<i>Op</i>.352, οὐδεὶς ... ἄτης καὶ κέρδεος [[αἴτιος]] [[αὐτός]] ninguno es él mismo causante de su ruina o lucro</i> Thgn.133, cf. A.<i>Ch</i>.825, S.<i>OC</i> 93, Hdt.1.32<br /><b class="num">•</b>en un sent. casi jur. en la máxima ἐγγύα, πάρα δ' ἄτα fianza, cerca está la ruina</i> atribuido a Tales <i>Septem</i> 4.1, a Quilón, Sud.s.u. Θάλης, cf. Pl.<i>Chrm</i>.165a, Cratin.Iun.12, ἐγγύα <δ'> ἄτας <γα> θυγάτηρ, ἐγγύα δὲ ζαμίας Epich.250<br /><b class="num">•</b>muy concr. [[costas]] o [[multa]] por un juicio perdido <i>ICr</i>.4.72.11.41 (Gortina V a.C.).<br /><br /><b class="num">• Etimología:</b> v. [[ἀάω]].

|elrutext='''ἄτη:''' дор. ἄτᾱ (ᾱτ) ἡ<br /><b class="num">1)</b> помешательство, безумие Hom., Trag.;<br /><b class="num">2)</b> злодеяние, преступление Hom.;<br /><b class="num">3)</b> беда, несчастье, горе, пагуба Hom., Her., Trag., Plut.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[damage]], [[guilt]], [[bewilderment]] (Il.), [[fine]] (Gortyn).<br />Compounds: <b class="b3">ἄν-ατος</b>; <b class="b3">ἄπ-ατος</b> (Gortyn).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἀτηρός</b> [[blinded]], [[bringing ruin]] (Thgn.); <b class="b3">ἀτάομαι</b> (<b class="b3">ἀϜατάομαι</b>, s. below) [[suffer]], [[get damage]] (S.) <b class="b2">be fined</b> (Gortyn, Gytheion).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">ἀϜάτη</b>, as appears from <b class="b3">αὑάτα</b> (Alc.) and denom. <b class="b3">ἀϜατᾶται</b> (Gytheion); also <b class="b3">ἀγατᾶσθαι</b> [= <b class="b3">ἀϜα-</b>] <b class="b3">βλάπτεσθαι</b> H.). So the <b class="b3">ἀ-</b> is long (for the exceptions Archil. 73 read <b class="b3">ἄγη</b>, Page Entretiens Hardt X, 1965, 110; and A. Ag. 131, Hermann <b class="b3">ἄγα</b>). - <b class="b3">ἀϜά-τη</b> is a verbal noun to <b class="b3">*ἀϜά-σαι</b>, s. <b class="b3">ἀάω</b>. Could be PIE <b class="b2">*h₂ueh₂-</b>. - Fur. 234 compares <b class="b3">ἀϜατη</b> with <b class="b3">ἀπάτη</b>; not very probable.

|ftr='''ἄτη''': {átē}<br />'''Grammar''': f.<br />'''Meaning''': [[Schaden]], [[Schuld]], [[Verblendung]], auch personifiziert (ion. poet. seit Il.), [[Buße]] (Gortyn). Zur Bedeutung Havers KZ 43, 225ff. (ursprünglich [[Schlag]]?), außerdem Stallmach Ate. Diss. Göttingen 1950.<br />'''Composita''' : Kompositum [[ἄνατος]], auch [[ἄπατος]] (Gortyn).<br />'''Derivative''': Ableitungen: [[ἀτηρός]] [[verblendet]], [[unheilbringend]] (Thgn., A. usw.) mit [[ἀτηρία]] (Pl. Kom., X.); [[ἀτάομαι]] (ἀϝατάομαι, s. unten) [[Schaden leiden]] (S., E.) [[einen Prozeß verlieren]], [[eine Geldstrafe erleiden]] (Gortyn, Gytheion).<br />'''Etymology''' : Aus ἀϝάτη kontrahiert, wie aus [[αὐάτα]] (Alk., Pi.) und dem Denominativum ἀϝατᾶται (Gytheion; außerdem ἀγατᾶσθαι [= ἀϝα-]· βλάπτεσθαι H.) hervorgeht. Somit ist anlautendes ἀ- als lang anzusehen, wozu indessen Archil. 73 (v. Blumenthal Herm. 75, 427f. dafür [[ἄση]]; aber s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 215 A. 10) und A. ''Ag''. 131 (Hermann [[ἄγα]]) im Widerspruch stehen. — ἀϝἀτη ist ein Verbalnomen von *ἀϝάσαι, s. [[ἀάω]]. — Der Vorschlag, [[ἄτη]] in zwei Wörter zu zerlegen (Bechtel Lex. s. [[ἀτέω]], Benveniste Mélanges Pedersen 498), ist nicht zu empfehlen.<br />'''Page''' 1,178