γυνή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. γυνά, Boeot. βανά (v. sub voce), ἡ, gen. <b class="b3">γυναικός</b>, acc. <b class="b3">γυναῖκα</b>, voc. <b class="b3">γύναι</b> (<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> γυνή <span class="bibl">Alc.Com.32</span>): dual γυναῐκε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>61</span>: pl. <b class="b3">γυναῖκες, γυναικῶν</b>, etc. (as if from <b class="b3">γύναιξ</b> wh. is only found in Gramm., cf. Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.643</span>): gen. γυναικείων <span class="bibl">Phoc.3</span> (s. v.l.): Aeol. dat. pl. γυναίκεσσι <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>7.6</span>: Com. acc. γυνήν <span class="bibl">Pherecr.91</span>: pl. nom. γυναί <span class="bibl">Philippid.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.484</span>, acc. γυνάς <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span>1336, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>243.24</span>,<span class="title">AB</span>86:—[[woman]], opp.[[man]],<span class="bibl">Il.15.683</span>, etc.: with a second Subst., <b class="b3">γ. ταμίη</b> housekeeper, <span class="bibl">6.390</span>; δέσποινα <span class="bibl">Od.7.347</span>; <b class="b3">γρηΰς</b> (q. v.), <b class="b3">ἀλετρίς</b> (q. v.), δμῳαὶ γυναῖκες <span class="bibl">Il.9.477</span>,al.; Περσίδες γ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.3</span>: voc., as a term of respect or affection, [[mistress]], [[lady]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>290</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.12</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">φαντὶ γυναῖκες</b> <b class="b2">the lasses</b> say, <span class="bibl">Id.20.30</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς γυναικός</b> like <b class="b2">a woman</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>592</span>: prov., γ. μονωθεῖσ' οὐδέν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 749</span>; <b class="b3">ὅρκους γυναικὸς εἰς ὕδωρ γράφω</b> (cf. γράφω <span class="bibl">11</span>) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>811</span>; γυναιξὶ κόσμον ἡ σιγὴ φέρει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>293</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[wife]], [[spouse]], <span class="bibl">Il.6.160</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.523</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.34</span>, etc.; γ. καὶ παρθένοι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.2.25</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἑταίρα</b>, <span class="bibl">Is.3.13</span>; <b class="b3">γ. γνησία</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEleph.</span>1.3</span> (iv B. C.); also, [[concubine]], <span class="bibl">Il.24.497</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">mortal woman</b>, opp.[[goddess]], <span class="bibl">14.315</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.228</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[female]], [[mate]] of animals, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1262a22</span> (dub. sens.), <span class="bibl">Xenarch.14</span>, etc.— Not to be taken as Adj. in γυναῖκα θήσατο μαζόν <span class="bibl">Il.24.58</span>. (Cf. Ved. <b class="b2">gnā-</b> (freq. disyll.), Skt. [[janis]].) </span>

|etymtx=γυναικός<br />Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[wife]], [[woman]] (Il.),<br />Other forms: Boeot. <b class="b3">βανά</b> (Corinn.), pl. <b class="b3">βανῆκας γυναῖκας</b> H.; Cypr. <b class="b3">*βονα</b> does not exist (Masson, Inscr, chypr. 1961, 298). Voc. <b class="b3">γύναι</b> from <b class="b3">*γυναικ</b>, see Schwyzer 582f. The stem <b class="b3">γυν-αικ-</b> prob. from adj. <b class="b2">*gʷneh₂-iko-</b> (Szemerényi, AION 2 (1960) 13-30; against Lejeune, Rev. ét. anc. 63 (1961) 435).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[kunaja]] \/<b class="b2">gunai-a</b>\/.<br />Compounds: On the forms of <b class="b3">γυνή</b> as second member <b class="b3">ἄ- ἀνδρό- κατά- μισό- φιλόγυνος</b>, <b class="b3">ἀ- ἡμι- καλλι- ὀρσι- φιλογύναιξ</b>, <b class="b3">ἀγύναικος</b>, <b class="b3">ἀ- ἡμι- κακο- κατα- μισο- πολυ- φιλογύναιος</b>, <b class="b3">ἀ- ἀνδρο- μισο- νεο- πολυ- φιλογύνης</b> Sommer Nominalkomp. 62f. Exceptional <b class="b3">γύν-ανδρος</b> [[hermaphrodite]], and <b class="b3">γυναι-μανής</b> (Il.). Survey DELG.<br />Derivatives: Diminut. <b class="b3">γυναικάριον</b> (Diokl. Com.), <b class="b3">γυναίκιον</b> (Longos), <b class="b3">γυναικίσκιον παιδίσκιον</b> H. - <b class="b3">γυναικίας</b> m. <b class="b2">womanish man</b> (Eup.; as <b class="b3">νεανίας</b>); <b class="b3">γυναικωνῖτις</b> <b class="b2">womens room</b> (Lys.; s. Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 110), rare <b class="b3">γυναικών</b> (X., as <b class="b3">ἀνδρών</b>). - Adj. <b class="b3">γυναικήϊος</b>, <b class="b3">-εῖος</b> (Od.; as <b class="b3">ἀνδρήϊος</b>, <b class="b3">-εῖος</b>), <b class="b3">γυναικικός</b> (Arist.; as <b class="b3">ἀνδρικός</b>), <b class="b3">γυναικώδης</b> (Plb.: <b class="b3">ἀνδρώδης</b>), <b class="b3">γυναικηρός</b> (Diokl. Com.; after <b class="b3">πονηρός</b> etc.). - Denom. <b class="b3">γυναικίζω</b>, <b class="b3">-ομαι</b> <b class="b2">behave like a woman</b> (Ion.-Att.) with <b class="b3">γυναίκισις</b> (Ar.) and <b class="b3">γυναικισμός</b> (Plb.); <b class="b3">γυναικόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[be]], [[make womanish]] (Hp.). - Not from <b class="b3">γυναικ- γύννις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιδος</b> <b class="b2">womanish man</b> and <b class="b3">γύναιος</b> (cf. <b class="b3">δείλαιος</b>), <b class="b3">γύναιον</b> [[woman]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [473] <b class="b2">*gʷen-h₂</b> [[woman]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[woman]], [[wife]]. Exact agreement in Skt. (Ved.) <b class="b2">gnā́</b> [[woman]], [[goddess]] (often disyll.), Av. [[gǝnā]] [[woman]]. With <b class="b3">γυναι-</b> agrees Arm. <b class="b2">kanay-</b> in plural <b class="b2">kanay-k</b> (nom.) etc.; a <b class="b3">-κ-</b> also in Messap. [[gunakhai]] [[γυναικί]] (?), and NPhr. [[knaikan]], [[knaiko]]. - Labiovelar also in Goth. [[qino]] (<b class="b2">n-</b>stem), OIr. [[ben]] (<b class="b2">ā-</b>stem) [[woman]], both < <b class="b2">*guen-</b>. The full grade, in Greek replaced by the zero grade, seen in Arm. [[kin]], OPr. [[genna]], OCS [[žena]], Skt. <b class="b2">jáni-</b>, Toch. A <b class="b2">śäṃ</b> B <b class="b2">śana</b>, OIr. [[ben]]. Zero grade in OIr. <b class="b2">ban-</b> (in comp.), gen. sg. [[mnā]] (< <b class="b2">*bnā-s</b>). Lengthened grade in Goth. [[qens]] (<b class="b2">i-</b>stem) [[woman]]. Original paradigm proterodynmic <b class="b2">h₂-</b>stem <b class="b2">gʷen-h₂</b>(seen in Skt. <b class="b2">jáni-</b>), gen. <b class="b2">*gʷn-eh₂-s</b>. - On [[μνάομαι]] <b class="b2">woo for ones bride</b> s.s.v.. - Full grade in <b class="b3">βενέω</b>, variant of <b class="b3">βινέω</b> acc. to De Lamberterie, RPh 65 (1991) 149-160?