κάμνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fut. <b class="b3">κᾰμοῦμαι, καμῇ</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>881</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1215</span>; <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> καμεῖται <span class="bibl">Il.2.389</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>921e</span>; Ep. inf. -έεσθαι <span class="bibl">A.R.3.580</span>: aor. 2 <b class="b3">ἔκᾰμον</b>, Ep. κάμον <span class="bibl">Il.4.187</span>,al.; inf. <b class="b3">καμεῖν</b>, Ep. subj. redupl. <b class="b3">κεκάμω, κεκάμῃσι, κεκάμωσιν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.168</span>, <span class="bibl">17.658</span>, <span class="bibl">7.5</span> (but Aristarch. read <b class="b3">κε κάμω</b>, etc., prob. rightly): pf. κέκμηκα <span class="bibl">Il.6.262</span>, etc.: plpf. ἐκεκμήκεσαν <span class="bibl">Th.3.98</span>; Ep. part. <b class="b3">κεκμηώς, κεκμηῶτι, κεκμηῶτα</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.23.232</span>, <span class="bibl">6.261</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.31</span>; κεκμηότας <span class="bibl">Il.11.802</span>; <b class="b3">κεκμηῶτας</b> is v.l. for [[κεκμηκότας]] in <span class="bibl">Th.3.59</span>:— Med., aor. 2 ἐκᾰμόμην <span class="bibl">Od.9.130</span>, Ep. καμ- <span class="bibl">Il.18.341</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> trans., [[work]], <b class="b3">μίτρη, τὴν Χαλκῆες κάμον ἄνδρες</b> [[wrought]] it, <span class="bibl">4.187</span>,<span class="bibl">216</span>; ἐπεὶ πάνθ' ὅπλα κάμε <span class="bibl">18.614</span>; σκῆπτρον... τὸ μὲν Ἥφαιστος κάμε τεύχων <span class="bibl">2.101</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.195</span>; κ. νῆας <span class="bibl">Od.9.126</span>; πέπλον <span class="bibl">Il.5.338</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.15.105</span>; ἵππον <span class="bibl">11.523</span>; λέχος <span class="bibl">23.189</span>; <b class="b3">ἄστυ</b> [[build]], <span class="bibl">A.R.1.1322</span>: also in aor. Med., ἱρόν <span class="bibl">Id.2.718</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> aor.Med., <b class="b2">win by toil</b>, <b class="b3">τὰς</b> (sc. <b class="b3">γυναῖκας</b>) αὐτοὶ καμόμεσθα βίηφί τε δουρί τε μακρῷ <span class="bibl">Il.18.341</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> aor.Med., [[labour]], [[till]], οἵ κέ σφιν καὶ νῆσον… ἐκάμοντο <span class="bibl">Od.9.130</span>; οἴκους Philet.8. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> intr., [[toil]], [[labour]], τινι [[for]] one, <span class="bibl">Od.14.65</span>; ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως <span class="bibl">Th.2.41</span>: then, from the effect of continued work, <b class="b2">to be weary</b>, ἀνδρὶ δὲ κεκμηῶτι μένος μέγα οἶνος ἀέξει <span class="bibl">Il.6.261</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.802</span>: with acc. of the part, <b class="b3">οὐδέ τι γυῖα… κάμνει</b> nor [[is]] he <b class="b2">weary in</b> limb, <span class="bibl">19.170</span>, etc.; περὶ δ' ἔγχεϊ Χεῖρα καμεῖται <span class="bibl">2.389</span>; ὁ δ' ἀριστερὸν ὦμον ἔκαμνεν <span class="bibl">16.106</span>: freq. c. part., <b class="b3">κ. πολεμίζων, ἐλαύνοντες, ἐρεθίζων</b>, <b class="b2">is weary</b> of fighting, rowing, etc., <span class="bibl">1.168</span>, <span class="bibl">7.5</span>, <span class="bibl">17.658</span>, etc.; οὐ μέν θην κάμετον… ὀλλῦσαι Τρῶας <span class="bibl">8.448</span>; ἔκαμον δέ μοι ὄσσε πάντῃ παπταίνοντι <span class="bibl">Od.12.232</span>; but <b class="b3">οὐδέ τι τόξον δὴν ἔκαμον τανύων</b> I [[did]] not long <b class="b2">strain over</b> stringing the bow, i.e. did it without [[effort]], <span class="bibl">21.426</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.8.22</span>: later freq. with neg., <b class="b3">οὔτοι καμοῦμαι… λέγουσα</b> I [[shall]] never <b class="b2">be tired</b> of saying, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>881</span>; μὴ κάμῃς λέγων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>1143</span>; οὐκ ἂν κάμοιμι τὰς κακὰς κτείνων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Or.</span>1590</span>; οὔποτε κάμοιμ' ἂν ὀρχουμένη <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>541</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">κ. εὐεργετῶν, ἐπαινῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>470c</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>921e</span>: c. dat., <b class="b3">κ. δαπάναις</b> <b class="b2">to grow tired</b> in spending, spare expense, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.90</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">to be hard-pressed, worsted</b>, in battle or contest, ib.<span class="bibl">1.78</span>,<span class="bibl">80</span>; τὸ κάμνον στρατοῦ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 709</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">to be sick</b> or [[suffering]], <b class="b3">τί πάσχεις; τί κάμνεις</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>708</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κάμνοντες</b> <b class="b2">the sick</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.197</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>282</span>, <span class="bibl">And.1.64</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>407c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Jac.</span>5.15</span>, etc.; of a doctor's [[patients]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span>1</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.243</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span>943.10 (Cos); <b class="b3">καμοῦσα ἀπέθανε</b> <b class="b2">having fallen sick</b>, <span class="bibl">And.1.120</span>: c. acc. cogn., κάμνειν νόσον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>990</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>408e</span>; [<b class="b3">τὴν ποδάγραν</b>] v.l. in <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>604a23</span>; τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.111</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ σώματα</b> <b class="b2">to be ill</b> or [[distempered]] in body, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>478a</span>; ὠσίν τε κὤμμασιν <span class="bibl">Herod.3.32</span>; πάθᾳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>8.48</span>; νοσήμασι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>603a30</span>; ἀπὸ τοῦ τραύματος <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tox.</span>60</span>; ὑπὸ νόσου <span class="bibl">Hdn.3.14.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> generally, <b class="b2">to be distressed, meet with disaster</b>, στρατοῦ καμόντος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>670</span>; τῷ πεποιημένῳ κ. μεγάλως <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.118</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>482</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1138</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HF</span>293</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ καμῇ τοὐμὸν μέρος</b> [[wilt]] not <b class="b2">have to complain</b>... <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span> 1215</span>; κ. ἔν τινι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>306</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span>966</span>; of a ship, νεὼς καμούσης ποντίῳ πρὸς κύματι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>210</span>: c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">οὐκ ἴσον καμὼν ἐμοὶ λύπης</b> not <b class="b2">having borne</b> an equal share of grief, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>532</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> in aor. part., of the dead, i. e. either [[outworn]], or <b class="b2">those whose work is done</b>, or <b class="b2">those who have met with disaster</b>, οἳ ὑπένερθε καμόντας ἀνθρώπους τίνυσθον <span class="bibl">Il.3.278</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Theoc.17.49</span>; βροτῶν εἴδωλα καμόντων <span class="bibl">Od.11.476</span>; <b class="b3">εἴδωλα κ</b>. <span class="bibl">24.14</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.23.72</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>231</span>, etc.: also in pf. part. in Trag. and Prose, κεκμηκότες <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>284</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>756</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.59</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>718a</span>, <span class="bibl">927b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1101a35</span>; <b class="b3">ἱερὰ τῶν κ</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>96</span>; also in the finite Verb, ὅπη ἄνθρωπος ἔκαμε <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span> 1927.158 (Cyrene).--The pf. is always intr. (Cf. Skt. [[śamnīte]] 'work hard', 'serve zealously', <b class="b2">śamitár-</b> 'sacrificing priest', Gr. <b class="b3">εἰρο-κόμος, κομέω, κομίζω</b>.)</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1317.png Seite 1317]] aor. ἔκαμον, [[καμεῖν]], fut. καμοῦμαι, καμεῖται Il. 2, 389, οὐ καμεῖ τοὐμὸν [[μέρος]] Soph. Trach. 1205 ist 2. Person, perf. κέκμηκα, z. B. Il. 6, 262, davon partic. sync. [[κεκμηώς]], Il. 23, 232, κεκμηῶτι, κεκμηῶτα, 6, 261 Od. 10, 31, auch κεκμηότας, Il. 11, 802; bei Thuc. 3, 59 ist die Lesart der meisten mss. κεκμηῶτας für κεκμηκότας; im aor. hat Hom. auch die reduplleirte Form κεκάμω, Il. 1, 168, κεκάμῃσι 12, 658, κεκάμωσι 7, 5; da aber diese Conj. immer nach [[ἐπεί]] stehen, schreibt Bekker [[ἐπεί]] κε κάμω u. s. w.; κεκαμών führt Gregor. Cor. als ionisch an p. 461; – 1) sich müde arbeiten, müde werden, [[ermüden]]; [[οὐδέ]] τι γυῖα πρὶν κάμνει, πρὶν πάντας ἐρωῆσαι πολέμοιο, er ermüdet nicht an den Gliedern, Il. 19, 169; [[μάλα]] γὰρ [[κάμε]] φαίδιμα γυῖα 23, 63; περὶ δ' ἔγχει χεῖρα καμεῖται 2, 389; ὦμον 16, 106, ihm ward die Schulter matt; 11, 801 ἀκμῆτες den κεκμηότες entggstzt; cum partic., ἐπεὶ [[κάμε]] δακρυχέουσα, da sie vom Weinen müde war, 24, 613, wie [[οὐδέ]] τι [[τόξον]] δὴν ἔκαμον τανύων, ich mühte mich nicht lange ab, den Bogen zu spannen, ich spannte ihn ohne Anstrengung, Od. 21, 426; [[ἐπεί]] κε κάμωσιν ἐλαύνοντες, wenn sie müde geworden sind zu rudern, Il. 7, 5, vgl. 17, 658. So auch Folgde, [[οὔτοι]] καμοῦμαί σοι λέγουσα [[τἀγαθά]], ich werde nicht müde werden, dir Gutes zu rathen, Aesch. Eum. 841, vgl. 868; οὐκ ἂν κάμοιμι τὰς κακὰς κτείνων Eur. Or. 1590; οὔποτ' ἂν κάμοιμ' ὀρχουμένη, ich werde vom Tanzen nicht müde, ich werde nicht müde zu tanzen, Ar. Lys. 541; in Prosa, μὴ κάμῃς φίλον ἄνδρα εὐεργετῶν Plat. Gorg. 470 c, laß dich's nicht verdrießen, thue es unverdrossen; ὁ [[νόμος]] αὐτὸν ἐπαινῶν [[οὔποτε]] καμεῖται Legg. XI, 921 e. Anders Xen. An. 3, 4, 47 ἐγὼ δὲ χαλεπῶς [[κάμνω]] τὴν ἀσπίδα φέρων, ich ermatte unter der Last des Schildes; ἔκαμον δέ μοι [[ὄσσε]] [[πάντη]] παπταίνοντι Od. 12, 232; von Pferden Il. 4, 27. – <b class="b2">Sich anstrengen</b>, sich's sauer werden lassen, Il. 8, 448, vgl. 22. – Pind. πολεμίων ἀνδρῶν καμόντων, in der Schlacht den Kürzern ziehen, P. 1, 80; θυμῷ Ol. 2, 9; δαπάναις, müde werden im Aufwande, die Kosten sparen, P. 1, 90; στρατοῦ καμόντος, erliegen, Aesch. Ag. 656 (vgl. Eur. Suppl. 709); νεὼς καμούσης ποντίῳ πρὸς κύματι, wie auch wir sagen »wenn das Schiff gegen die Wogen arbeitet«, Spt. 192; Soph. El. 522; οἱ γὰρ εὐγενεῖς κάμνουσι τοῖς αἰσχροῖσι τῶν τέκνων ὕπερ, strengen sich an, unterziehen sich der Gefahr, Eur. Herc. Fur. 293; – δεῖ [[μηδαμῇ]] κάμνειν τὸν νομοθέτην, er darf nicht müde werden, Plat. Legg. X, 890 d. – Gew. krank und schwach werden, sein, [[leiden]], Ar. Th. 405, vgl. οὐδ' [[ὅστις]] νόσου κάμνοντι συλλάβοιτο Soph. Phil. 282; Plat. Gorg. 477 d u. öfter; [[ἀνδράποδον]] κάμνον φθόῃ Legg. XI, 916 a; κάμνον [[σῶμα]] ἰατρικῆς καθάρσεως [[τυχόν]] ib. I, 628 d; τοὺς κάμνοντας τὰ σώματα Gorg. 478 a; εἰ πάσας νόσους κάμοιεν Rep. III, 408 e; Eur. Ἥρα με κάμνειν τήνδ' ἔθηκε τὴν νόσον Heracl. 990; Sp., νοσήμασι κάμνουσι τρισί, sie leiden an drei Krankheiten, Arist. H. A. 8, 21; τὴν ποδάγραν 8, 24; im Ggstz von [[ὑγιαίνω]], gen. et interit. 1, 3 A; καμάτους κάμνειν Hdn. 3, 6, 7; ὑπὸ τῆς νόσου κάμνειν 3, 14, 4. – Bei Xen. An. 4, 5. 17 u. öfter = schwach, marode sein, οἱ καμόντες, die Müden. – Uebertr., ἀλλαγᾷ λόγου [[καμεῖν]], an der Aenderung der Rede kranken, Aesch. Ag. 469; οἵπερ σοῖς ἐκάμνομεν κακοῖς Eur. Med. 1138; τῷ πεποιημένῳ ἔκαμνον [[μεγάλως]] Her. 1, 118; ἐν τῷδε κάμνουσιν αἱ πολλαὶ πόλεις, daran kranken die meisten Staaten, das ist ihre Schwäche, Eur. Hec. 306; ἐν τῷδ' ἔκαμνε [[νόστος]] I. A. 966; ὃ κάμνει τοῦ λόγου μάλιστά σοι Ion 363. – Bes. sind οἱ καμόντες od. οἱ κεκμηκότες die [[Todten]], entweder weil sie des Lebens Last und Mühe getragen und nun ausgelitten haben, oder mit Buttm. Lexil. II p. 237 die Ermüdeten, Entkräfteten euphemistisch für θανόντες; βροτῶν εἴδωλα καμόντων Od. 11, 475, vgl. 24, 14; Ζεὺς [[ἄλλος]] ἐν καμοῦσιν Aesch. Suppl. 228, vgl. 149; Eur. Suppl. 756 Tr. 96 (wo man es auch für die dii manes der Römer erkl.); ἐπικαλούμεθα τοὺς κεκμη κότας Thuc. 3, 59; τὰς τῶν κεκμηκότων ψυχάς Plat. Legg. XI, 927 b; Sp., εἰσὶ καμοῦσιν ὡς ζῳοῖς ἀρχαὶ συμφορέων ἕτεραι Crinag. 34 (IX, 81). – 2) trans., nur im aor., mit Mühe u. Anstrengung arbeiten,<b class="b2"> verfertigen</b>, bes. von künstlichen Metallarbeiten; αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πάνθ' ὅπλα [[κάμε]] Il. 18, 613; [[κάμε]] τεύχων 2, 101. 8, 195; πέπλοι, οὓς κάμεν αὐτή Od. 15, 105; [[ἄστυ]] Ap. Rh. 1, 1322. – Im aor. med. = sich erwerben, durch Anstrengung erlangen; τὰς αὐτοὶ καμόμεσθα βίηφί τε δουρί τε μακρῷ Il. 18, 341; νῆσον ἐκάμοντο Od. 9, 130; οἴκους ἐκάμοντο Philet. 7; [[ἱρόν]], ὅ ῥ' ἐκάμοντο, sich erbauen, Ap. Rh. 2, 718.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">toil, labour, build; get tired, die</b> (euphem.; almost only ep. <b class="b3">οἱ καμόντες</b>, Att. <b class="b3">οἱ κεκμηκότες</b>); <b class="b2">be in danger, be in need</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">καμεῖν</b>, fut. <b class="b3">καμοῦμαι</b> (Schwyzer 784), perf. <b class="b3">κέκμηκα</b>, Dor. (Theoc.) <b class="b3">κέκμακα</b>, ep. ptc. <b class="b3">κεκμηώς</b>.<br />Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">συγ-</b>. - As 2. member in compunds: <b class="b3">ἀ-κάματος</b> <b class="b2">without fatigue</b> (Il.). <b class="b3">ἀ-κάμα-ς</b>, <b class="b3">-α-ντ-ος</b> [[indefatigable]] (Il.; on the formation Schwyzer 526); more usual <b class="b3">-κμη-τ-</b> (<b class="b3">-κμα-τ-</b>), <b class="b3">-κμη-το-</b> (<b class="b3">-κμα-το-</b>), e. g. <b class="b3">ἀ-κμή-ς</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆτ-ος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, <b class="b3">ἄ-κμη-τος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ-κμητος</b> <b class="b2">with much labour prepared</b>.<br />Derivatives: Verbal noun <b class="b3">κάματος</b> m. <b class="b2">labour, much demending labour, fatigue, pain</b> (Il.; on the meaning Radermacher RhM 87, 285f. [doubtful]). <b class="b3">καματώδης</b> [[tiring]] (Hes., Pi.), <b class="b3">καματηρός</b> [[tiring]], [[tired]] (Ion., h. Ven. 246; after <b class="b3">ἀνιηρός</b> etc.; Chantraine Formation 232, Zumbach Neuerungen 15); <b class="b3">καματηδόν</b> <b class="b2">with fatigue</b> (Man.); also the verbal forms <b class="b3">καματῶν κοπιῶν</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκαμάτευσε μετὰ κακοπαθείας εἰργάσατο</b> H. (: <b class="b3">καματάω</b>, <b class="b3">-τεύω</b>).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [557] <b class="b2">*ḱemh₂-</b> <b class="b2">exert oneself, get tired</b><br />Etymology: Beside the thematic nasal present <b class="b3">κάμνω</b> Sanskrit has an athematic <b class="b2">nā-</b>present (type <b class="b3">δάμ-να-μι</b>): midd. <b class="b2">śam-nī-te</b> [[exert onself]], [[labour]] (Schwyzer 693). The disyll. root form is seen in the impv. <b class="b2">śamī-ṣva</b> and the agent noun in <b class="b2">śami-tár-</b> <b class="b2">who prepares</b>, which agree with Gr. <b class="b3">κάμα-τος</b>. Also the thematic aorist <b class="b3">ἔ-καμ-ον</b>, <b class="b3">ἔ-καμ-ε</b> has a parallel in Skt. <b class="b2">a-śam-a-t</b>, both with zero grade, <b class="b2">*ḱm̥h₂-e\/o-</b> (Schwyzer 747, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 391); the full grade can be seen in athematic Skt. aor. <b class="b2">á-śami-ṣ-ṭa</b> (RV), <b class="b2">*e-ḱemh₂-t</b>. The zero grade in Greek is <b class="b3">κμη-</b>, PGr. <b class="b3">κμα-</b> < <b class="b2">*ḱm̥h₂-</b> (<b class="b3">κέ-κμη-κα</b>, <b class="b3">ἄ-κμη-τος</b>.), which in Sanskrit gave <b class="b2">śān-tá-</b> (ptc.); s. Rix, Hist. Gramm 1976, 73. <b class="b3">κάματος</b> derives from <b class="b2">*ḱm̥h₂-etos</b>. - Certain traces of the root in other languages have not been found; perhaps in some Celtic nouns, like MIr. [[cuma]] [[trouble]], [[cumal]] <b class="b2">slave (fem.)</b>. Pok. 557. - Cf. <b class="b3">κομέω</b>, <b class="b3">κομίζω</b> (< <b class="b2">*ḱomh₂-</b>).