καλός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, Aeol. κάλος (v. infr.), α, ον, Boeot. καλϝός <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 538 (vi B. C.):—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[beautiful]], of outward form, freq. of persons, κάλλιστος ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθεν <span class="bibl">Il.2.673</span>: in Hom. usu. in the phrase κ. τε μέγας τε <span class="bibl">Il.21.108</span>, al.; <b class="b3">μέγας καὶ κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Od.9.513</span>; καλή τε μεγάλη τε <span class="bibl">13.289</span>, <span class="bibl">15.418</span>; <b class="b3">καλὸς δέμας</b> [[beautiful]] of form, <span class="bibl">17.307</span>; κ. ἰδέᾳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10</span> (<span class="bibl">11</span>).<span class="bibl">103</span>; εἶδος κάλλιστος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.1</span>; κ. τὸ σῶμα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.6.30</span>; τὰς ὄψεις <span class="bibl">Theopomp.Hist.195</span>; <b class="b3">Χορῷ καλή</b> [[beauteous]] in the dance, <span class="bibl">Il. 16.180</span>: c. inf., καλλίονες καὶ μείζονες εἰσοράασθαι <span class="bibl">Od.10.396</span>; <b class="b3">ἐσορᾶν κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.19</span>: freq. of parts of the body, [[fair]], [[shapely]], <b class="b3">κ. πρόσωπα, ὅμματα, παρήϊα, σφυρά</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.19.285</span>, <span class="bibl">23.66</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.208</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.4.147</span>; Χρώς <span class="bibl">5.354</span>, al.; of clothes, <b class="b3">εἵματα, φάρεα, Χιτών, Χλαῖνα, πέδιλα</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.111</span>, <span class="bibl">24.277</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.43</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.365</span>, <span class="bibl">1.96</span>; πέπλος κάλλιστος ποικίλμασιν ἠδὲ μέγιστος <span class="bibl">Il.6.294</span>; of arms and armour, <b class="b3">κνημῖδες, ἀσπίς, σάκος, κόρυς, φάσγανα, ἔντεα</b>, <span class="bibl">3.331</span>, <span class="bibl">11.33</span>, <span class="bibl">22.314</span>, <span class="bibl">18.612</span>, <span class="bibl">15.713</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.18</span>; of buildings, manufactured articles, etc., αὐλὴ κ. τε μεγάλη τε <span class="bibl">14.7</span>; <b class="b3">κ. δώματα, τεῖχος, πόλιες</b>, <span class="bibl">3.387</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.21.447</span>, <span class="bibl">18.491</span>; <b class="b3">ἄμαξα, τράπεζα, θρόνος</b>, <span class="bibl">24.267</span>, <span class="bibl">11.629</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.131</span>; also <b class="b3">τέμενος, ἀγρός</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.12.314</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.24.206</span>; so after Hom., Λύδιον κ. ἔργον Sapph.19, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐέρσα κ</b>. ead.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>25.12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in Att. added to a name in token of love or admiration, as <b class="b3">Ἀρίσημος κ</b>. <span class="title">IG</span>12.921, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐν τοῖσι τοίχοις ἔγραφ' Ἀθηναῖοι καλοί</b>" <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Ach.</span>144</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>98</span>; <b class="b3">Ἀλκιβιάδης ὁ καλός, Σαπφὼ ἡ καλή</b>, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.113b, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span>235c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ἡ Καλή</b> or <b class="b3">Καλλίστη</b>, as epith., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>140</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Paus. 1.29.2</span>, <span class="title">CIG</span>4445 (Beroea). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">Καλοί, οἱ</b>, divinities worshipped in childbirth, <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1445 (Messene, ii B. C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">τὸ καλόν</b> [[beauty]], Sapph.79, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>21</span> (anap.), etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ καλά</b> <b class="b2">the proprieties</b> or [[elegancies]] of life, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.8</span>, <span class="bibl">207</span>; ἁπάντων καλῶν ἄμμορος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.84</span>; αἱ τέχναι ἃς πηγάς φασι τῶν κ. εἶναι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.2.13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> with ref. to use, <b class="b2">good, of fine quality</b>, κ. λιμήν <span class="bibl">Od.6.263</span>; <b class="b3">Βορέῃ ἀνέμῳ… καλῷ</b> [[fair]], <span class="bibl">14.253</span>, <span class="bibl">299</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἀργύριον</b>, opp. <b class="b3">κίβδηλον</b>, [[genuine]] silver, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.1.9</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἀποτετριμμένον</b>, [[good]] silver currency, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>21.33</span> (iii B. C.); ἐλαῖαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span> 1.49.12</span> (iii B. C.); γῆ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>8.15</span>; κ. οἶνος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>133.8</span> (iv A. D.); στρατόπεδον κάλλιστον <span class="bibl">Th.5.60</span>; ἀνταπεδώκατε πονηρὰ ἀντὶ καλῶν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span> 44.4</span>; κ. ἐς στρατιάν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.6</span>; πρός τι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>295c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>474d</span>, etc.: c. inf., λόφος κάλλιστος τρέχειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.8.26</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν καλῷ</b> [<b class="b3">τόπῳ</b>] in a [[good]] place, <b class="b3">καθίζεσθαι, ὁρμεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>292</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.1.25</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν καλῷ μὲν τοῦ κόλπου καὶ τῶν πόλεων, ἐν κ. δὲ τοῦ τὴν Χώραν βλάπτειν</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">6.2.9</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν καλῷ</b> under <b class="b2">favourable circumstances</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.59.60</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν κ</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">Χρόνῳ</b>) in <b class="b2">good time</b>, in [[season]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>1106</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν οὐ κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Or.</span>579</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν καλῷ</b> [<b class="b3">ἐστι</b>] c. inf., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>384</span> (so <b class="b3">καλόν ἐστι</b> c. inf., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1155</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 278</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.2</span>); ἐς καλόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>78</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>89e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>174e</span>; <b class="b3">τί γὰρ ἐμοὶ ζῆν καλόν</b>; what is the [[good]] of life to me? <span class="bibl">Ph.2.594</span>; <b class="b3">καλῇ πίστει</b>, = Lat.<b class="b2">bona fide</b>, PTeb.418.14 (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of sacrifices, [[auspicious]], σφάγια <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>379</span>; οἰωνοί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1333</span>; ἱερά <span class="bibl">Th.4.92</span>; τὸ τέλος κ. τῆς ἐξόδου <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.2.9</span>; κ. τὰ ἱερὰ ἦν αὐτῷ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.2.3</span>: c. inf., ἰέναι… κ. ἡμῖν τὰ ἱερὰ ἦν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>2.2.3</span>: Com., <b class="b3">τὰ τῆς πυγῆς κ</b>. (for <b class="b3">τοῦ θεοῦ</b>) <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Pax</span>868</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in a moral sense, [[beautiful]], [[noble]], [[honourable]], in Hom. only in neut., οὐ καλὸν ἔειπες <span class="bibl">Od.8.166</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.381</span>; μεῖζον κλέος… καὶ κάλλιον <span class="bibl">18.255</span>; freq. <b class="b3">καλόν</b> [<b class="b3">ἐστι</b>] c. inf., κ. τοι σὺν ἐμοὶ τὸν κήδειν ὅς κ' ἐμὲ κήδῃ <span class="bibl">Il.9.615</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἔμοιγε κ</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">ἄρχειν</b>) <span class="bibl">21.440</span>; οὐ κ. ἀτέμβειν οὐδὲ δίκαιον <span class="bibl">Od.20.294</span>; so in Trag., καλόν μοι τοῦτο ποιούσῃ θανεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>72</span>, etc.; μάθετε καλὸν ποιεῖν <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Is.</span>1.17</span>: Comp., οὐ μέν τοι τόδε κάλλιον οὐδὲ ἔοικε <span class="bibl">Od.7.159</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.24.52</span>; after Hom. freq. of actions, etc., κάλων κἄσλων <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>2.4</span> (unless of persons here); <b class="b3">κ. ἔργματα</b> [[noble]] deeds, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).42</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>839</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀναστροφὴ κ</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Pet.</span>2.12</span>: in pl., [[excellences]], πλῆθος καλῶν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.45</span>; πολλῶν καλῶν δεῖ τῷ καλόν τι μωμένῳ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>938</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ τοῦ παιδὸς κ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>8.17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">τὸ κ</b>. [[moral beauty]], [[virtue]], [[honour]], opp. <b class="b3">τὸ αἰσχρόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>183d</span>, etc.; ὅττι καλόν, φίλον ἐστί, τὸ δ' οὐ καλὸν οὐ φίλον ἐστίν <span class="bibl">Thgn.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>881</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ly.</span>216c</span>; οὐ ταὐτὸν ἡγῇ σύ, ὡς ἔοικας, κ. τε καὶ ἀγαθὸν καὶ κακὸν καὶ αἰσχρόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>474d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>201e</span>; <b class="b3">τοὐμὸν κ</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>300</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of persons, in early writers coupled with <b class="b3">ἀγαθός</b>, v. [[καλοκἀγαθός]]; later κ. ποιμήν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>10.11</span>; κ. στρατιώτης <b class="b2">2 Ep.Tim</b>. <span class="bibl">2.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> in Att. and Trag. freq. ironically, [[fine]], [[specious]], <b class="b3">γέρας κ</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>209</span>; κ. γὰρ οὑμὸς βίοτος ὥστε θαυμάσαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>393</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>652</span>; κ. Χάρις <span class="bibl">D.9.65</span>; κ. ὕβριν ὑβρισμένοι <span class="bibl">Id.23.121</span>; καί σοι… θωπεῦσαι καλόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span> 1003</span>; μετ' ὀνομάτων καλῶν <span class="bibl">Th.5.89</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Degrees of Comp.: Comp. <b class="b3">καλλίων, ον</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.24.52</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.396</span>, etc.: neut. <b class="b3">κάλιον</b> [ᾰ] <span class="bibl">Alc.134</span>: Sup. <b class="b3">κάλλιστος, η, ον</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.20.233</span>, etc.; late <b class="b3">καλλιώτερος</b> or <b class="b3">-ότερος</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1672.6</span> (i A. D.), Sch.<span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Tr.</span>966</span>; also καλώτερος <span class="bibl">Hdn.<span class="title">Epim.</span>69</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">C</span> Adv.:—Poets freq. use neut. <b class="b3">καλόν</b> as Adv., κ. ἀείδειν <span class="bibl">Il.18.570</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.155</span>; καλά <span class="bibl">Il.6.326</span>; later <b class="b3">τὸ κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Theoc.3.3</span>, <span class="bibl">18</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>53</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.1.54</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> regul. Adv. καλῶς (Dor. καλώς <span class="bibl">Sophr.22</span>), [[well]], [[rightly]], οὐδ' ἔτι κ. οἶκος ἐμὸς διόλωλε <span class="bibl">Od.2.64</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ζῆν, τεθνηκέναι</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>479</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κ. φρονεῖν</b> to be in one's [[right]] mind, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>836</span>; οὐ κ. ταρβεῖς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>457</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἀγωνιεῖσθαι</b> <b class="b2">fairly, on the merits of the case</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.13.88</span>; <b class="b3">Χρήματα δατῆθθαι κ</b>. <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>4.39; κ. εἰρημένα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 576.6</span>; κάλλιον λέγεις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>161b</span>; κάλλιστ' ἂν εἴποι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1172</span>: freq. in phrase <b class="b3">καλῶς καὶ εὖ, καλῶς τε καὶ εὖ</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>319e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prm.</span>128b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of good fortune, [[well]], [[happily]], <b class="b3">κ. πράσσειν</b>, = [[εὖ π]]., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 979</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>271</span>; κ. καὶ εὖ πράττειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>172a</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἔχειν</b> to be [[well]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>799</span>, etc.; κ. ἔχει σοι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>946</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>816</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἔχει</b> c. inf., 'tis [[well]] to... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.1</span>: c. gen., <b class="b3">κ. ἔχειν τινός</b> to be <b class="b2">well off in</b> <b class="b2">respect to</b> a thing, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Superf.</span>29</span>; κ. παράπλου κεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.1.36</span>; εἰ κ. σφίσιν ἔχοι <span class="bibl">Id.4.117</span>; οὔτε τοῖς θεοῖς ἔφη κ. ἔχειν, εἰ… <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.3.3</span>; καλλιόνως ἔχει <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>169e</span>, etc.; κάλλιστα ἕζει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>295b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">καλῶς</b>, = [[πάνυ]], [[thoroughly]], [[altogether]], τὸν κ. εὐδαίμονα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>317</span>, = <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Fr.</span>934</span>; κ. ἔξοιδα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>269</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>1008</span>; κ. ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς διεφθάρθαι <span class="bibl">D.S.13.108</span>: Comp., κάλλιον εἰδέναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>300d</span>; <b class="b3">κάλλιον ἐοικέναι</b> to be [[just]] like, Hp.<span class="title">Genit.</span>8. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">κ. ἀκούειν</b> to be [[well]] spoken of, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Mon.</span>285</span>, Plu.2.177e. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">κ. ποιῶν</b> [[rightly]], [[deservedly]], κ. ποιῶν ἀπόλλυται <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>863</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.1.28</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.232</span>; in requests, <b class="b3">κ. ποιήσεις πριάμενος</b>, etc., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3p.143</span> (iii B. C.), etc.; also c. inf., κ. π. γράψαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1203.7</span> (i B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> in answers, to approve the words of the former speaker, <b class="b2">well said</b>! <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1216</span>, <span class="bibl">D.39.15</span>; also, to decline an offer courteously, [[no]], [[thank you]]! <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>888</span>; κ. ἔχει <span class="bibl">Antiph.165</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Pk.</span>266</span>; <b class="b3">πάνυ κ</b>. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>512</span>; <b class="b3">ἀμέλει κ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">532</span>: Sup., <b class="b3">κάλλιστ', ἐπαινῶ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">508</span>; ἔχει κάλλιστα <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> ironically, [[finely]], καλῶς ἐρήμης γ' ἂν σὺ γῆς ἄρχοις μόνος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>739</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>588</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>344</span>, <span class="bibl">Din.1.69</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">κ. ὁ ἱερεύς</b> <b class="b2">hurrah for</b> the priest! <span class="title">SIG</span>1109.14 (Athens, ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> repeated with the Adj., καλὴ καλῶς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>253</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>1330</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ec.</span>730</span>; καλὸς κάλλιστά τε ῥέξαις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.94</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">10</span> Comp. καλλιόνως Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span> l.c., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>660d</span>: Sup. καλλίστως <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.2443,2465, Sch.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>310</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">D</span> for compds., v. [[καλλι-, καλο-]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">E</span> Quantity: ᾱ in Ep. and early Iamb. Poets (exc. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ven.</span>29</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>63</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>585</span>): ᾰ in Lyr. (exc. κᾱλῶς <span class="bibl">B.12.206</span>) and Trag. (<span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Fr.</span>314</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1381</span> are corrupt).--In Eleg., Epigr., and Bucol. Poets ᾰ or ᾱ (the latter usu. in thesi); τὰ μὴ κᾰλὰ κᾱλὰ πέφανται <span class="bibl">Theoc.6.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Herod.7.115</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Jov.</span>55</span>.--In Comp., ῐ in Hom., ῑ in Trag. and later.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1313.png Seite 1313]] ή, όν, [[schön]]; zunächst – a) von dem in die Augen Fallenden, von der äußeren Gestalt, von Hom. an, sowohl von Menschen u. Thieren, als von Sachen; oft verbunden [[καλός]] τε [[μέγας]] τε, bes. von Männern; Hom. [[καλός]] [[δέμας]], schön an Gestalt, Od. 17, 307; öfter von einzelnen Theilen des Körpers, πρόσωπα, ὄμματα, παρήϊα, σφυρά, [[χρόα]] καλόν, von Kleidern, φάρεα, ῥήγεα, [[κρήδεμνον]], [[ζώνη]], εἵματα, πέδιλα, von Waffen, [[σάκος]], [[φάσγανον]], τεύχεα, von anderen Geräthen, [[δέπας]], ἄλενσον, von Gebäuden, Geschenken, Gegenden, wo es oft durch angenehm, reizend, lieblich wiedergegeben werden kann; ἐςορᾶν [[καλός]], schön anzusehen, Pind. Ol. 8, 19; ἰδέᾳ [[καλός]], schön von Ansehen, Ol. 1, 103, καλὸς τὴν ὄψιν Ath. XII, 517 e; καλοὶ τὰ σώματα Xen. Mem. 2, 6, 30; [[εἶδος]] [[κάλλιστος]] Cyr. 1, 2, 1; μορφὴ καλή Soph. O. C. 584; [[κόσμος]] Eur. Hipp. 632; εἴθ' αἴσχιον [[εἶδος]] ἀντὶ τοῦ καλοῦ λάβω Hel. 270; γυνὴ καλὴ καὶ [[εὐειδής]] Plat. Crit. 44 a; von Metallen, echt, im Ggstz v. [[κίβδηλος]], Xen. Mem. 3, 1, 9; – τὸ καλόν, Schönheit, Zier, Schmuck; τὸ καλὸν βίου Eur. I. A. 20; Xen. Cyr. 7, 3, 16; τὰ τοῦ βίου, die Genüsse, Reize, Annehmlichkeiten des Lebens, Her. 1, 207; Xen. Cyr. 7, 2, 13, καλὰ πάσχειν, sich wohl befinden. – Die Liebhaber schnitten den Namen der Geliebten mit dem Zusatz ὁ [[καλός]], ἡ καλή in die Bäume ein od. schrieben ihn auf die Thüren u. Fenster, vgl. die Ausleger tu Ar. Ach. 194 Vesp. 98. – b) schön für einen besondern Zweck, tauglich, [[brauchbar]], wie man etwa [[λιμήν]] Od. 6. 263 u. einzelne andere Verbindungen bei Hom. fassen kann; öfter bei den Att., [[σῶμα]] καλὸν πρὸς δρόμον, πρὸς πάλην, Plat. Hipp. mai. 295 c; dem [[χρήσιμος]] entsprechend, Dem. 61, 32; ἀεὶ καλὸς πλοῦς ἔσθ' [[ὅταν]] φεύγῃς κακά Soph. Phil. 637; οἰωνοί, Glück bedeutende, Eur. Ion 1333; beim Opfer der gew. Ausdruck τὰ [[ἱερά]] έστι καλά, Xen. An. 1, 8, 15, vgl. Krüger zu 6, 2, 9, die Opfer sind gut, fallen glücklich aus; οὐ γὰρ σφάγια γίνεται καλά Aesch. Spt. 361; ähnl. τὸ δὲ [[τέλος]] καλὸν τῆς ἐξόδου, das Ende werde glücklich sein, Xen. An. 5, 2, 9; so ἡμέραι Soph. El. 607; ἐν καλῷ, sc. τόπῳ, am rechten, gelegenen, bequemen Orte, κεῖσθαι τὴν Κέρκυραν ἐν καλῷ τοῦ Κορινθιακοῦ κόλπου Xen. Hell. 6, 2, 9, ποῦ καθίζωμ' ἐν καλῷ τῶν ῥητόρων ἵν' [[ἐξακούω]] Ar. Th. 292, Luc. Navig. 15; häufiger sc. χρόνῳ, zur rechten, gelegenen Zeit, νῦν γὰρ ἐν καλῷ φρονεῖν Soph. El. 376, ἐν καλῷ σ' ἔξω δόμων ηὕρηκα Eur. I. A. 1106, ἐν οὐ καλῷ μὲν ἐμνήσθην θεῶν Or. 578; in Prosa, Plat. Rep. IX, 571 b; Xen. Hell. 4, 3, 5 u. sonst; ἐν καλῷ ἐδόκει ἡ [[μάχη]] ἔσεσθαι Thuc. 5, 59, wo der Schol. ἐπὶ συμφέροντι erkl. So auch ἐς καλὸν σὺ εἶπας Soph. O. R. 78; εἰς καλὸν ἥκεις [[ὅπως]] συνδειπνήσῃς Plat. Conv. 174 e; im superl., ἥκετον εἰς κάλλιστον, zu sehr gelegener Zeit, Euthyd. 275 b; εἰς καλόν γε ὑμῖν συντετύχηκα Xen. Conv. 1, 4; ἥκεις An. 4, 7, 3; νῦν καλὸν κορέσαι [[στόμα]], jetzt ists Zeit, Soph. Phil. 1140; νῦν ἐστιν εὔξασθαι καλόν Ar. Par 278. – c) von innerer Beschaffenheit, <b class="b2">sittlich schön</b>, gut, trefflich; Hom. nur im neutr., οὐ καλὸν ὑπέρβιον εὐχετάασθαι, es ist nicht schön, ziemt sich nicht, Il. 17, 19; καλόν τοι, es steht dir wohl an, 9, 615; οὐ γὰρ ἔμοιγε καλόν 21, 440; im plur., οὐ μὴν καλὰ χόλον τόνδ' ἔνθεο θυμῷ, es ist nicht schön, daß du solchen Zorn hegst, 6, 326, s. nachher; ἐργμάτων ἀκτὶς καλῶν [[ἄσβεστος]], schöner Thaten, Pind. I. 3, 60; τέθνηκεν, [[οὗπερ]] τοῖς νέοις καλόν, wo es schön, ehrenvoll ist, Aesch. Spt. 1002; Ag. 1592; καλὸς γὰρ οὑμὸς [[βίοτος]] ὥςτε θαυμάσαι Soph. El. 385; οὔτ' ἐμοὶ τοῦτ' ἔστιν, [[οὔτε]] σοὶ καλόν, es ziemt nicht mir, Phil. 1288; καλόν μοι τοῦτο ποιούσῃ [[θανεῖν]] Ant. 72; [[κλέος]] Eur. Alc. 1225; [[ὄνειδος]] Med. 514; καλὸν αὐτῷ, es ist ehrenvoll für ihn, Thuc. 3, 94, u. A., bes. als neutr. – Von Plat. an von Menschen, bes. καλὸς κ[[ἀγαθός]], der wackere, ehrenwerthe Mann, durch Sokrates üblich gewordener Ausdruck, Ggstz [[ἄδικος]] καὶ [[πονηρός]], Gorg. 470 e; ἅμα μὲν [[καλός]], ἅμα δὲ [[ἀγαθός]] Tim. 88 c; καλὸς τἄνδοθεν Phaedr. 279 b; auch neutr., οὐδὲν καλὸν κἀγαθὸν [[εἰδέναι]] Apol. 21 d; ἀγαθὸν ἄνδρα καὶ καλὰ πράττοντα Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 10; ἀσκηταὶ τῶν καλῶν κἀγαθῶν ἔργων 1, 5, 9; Mem. 2, 1, 20. – Τὸ καλόν, das sittlich Gute, die Tugend, τὰ καλά, edle, gute, rühmliche Handlungen, Ggstz [[αἰσχρός]]. – Τὰ καλά von den Staatseinrichtungen der Lacedämonier, Xen. Lac. 3, 3 Hell. 5, 5, 9; so sagt ein Laced. ἔῤῥει τὰ καλά 1, 1, 23. – Adv. [[καλῶς]], schön, in den verschiedenen Vdtgn; Hom. nur einmal, οὐδ' ἔτι [[καλῶς]] [[οἶκος]] ἐμὸς διόλωλε Od. 2, 63; gewöhnlich καλόν od. καλά, [[ὑμεῖς]] [[οὐκέτι]] καλὰ μεθίετε θούριδος ἀλκῆς, auf unschöne, ungeziemende Weise, Il. 13, 116, vgl. Od. 15, 10. 17, 397; καλὰ μελπόμενος Pind. N. 1, 20, φρονεῖν [[καλῶς]] Aesch. Pers. 711, [[θανεῖν]] Ch. 350. [[καλῶς]] ἔχει τὰ πλεῖστα Spt. 781; [[καλῶς]] εὶδώς Soph. O. R. 317; [[καλῶς]] πράττειν, sich wohl befinden, Glück haben, Ant. 271 Tr. 57. 229 u. A.; [[καλῶς]] ζῆν ἢ [[καλῶς]] τεθνηκέναι Ai. 474; [[καλῶς]] καὶ εὖ ἐπαίδευσεν Plat. Prot. 319 e; [[καλῶς]] καὶ εὖ πράττειν Charm. 172 a; vgl. über diese Vrbdg Lob. Paralip. p. 65; τί [[δήποτε]] ἅπαντ' εἶχε [[καλῶς]] [[τότε]], καὶ νῦν οὐκ ὀρθῶς; Dem. 3, 30, warum stand damals Alles gut? εἰ [[καλῶς]] σφισιν ἔχοι, wenn es ihnen gut, zuträglich sei, Thuc. 4, 117; [[καλῶς]] παράπλου κεῖται, günstig für die Fahrt, 1, 36, ἐν παράπλῳ 1, 44. – Allein: [[καλῶς]], billigend, recht so, gut, Eur. Or. 1216 Ar. Ran. 888 Dem. 39, 14; [[πάνυ]] [[καλῶς]], ganz wohl, schon gut, womit man höflich die Fortsetzung des Gesprächs ablehnt, Ar. Ran. 512; vgl. κάλλιστ' ἐπαινῶ 508. – Comparat. u. superl. [[καλλίων]], [[κάλλιστος]], in allen den Vrbdgn des Positivs; Hom. πολὺ καλλίονες καὶ μείζονες εἰσοράασθαι Od. 10, 396; οὐ μήν οἱ τόγε [[κάλλιον]] [[οὐδέ]] τ' [[ἄμεινον]] Il. 24, 52; ὃς δὴ [[κάλλιστος]] γένετο θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων 24, 233; κάλλιστον [[ἦμαρ]] εἰσιδεῖν ἐκ χείματος Aesch. Ag. 874; ἄνδρα δ' ὠφελεῖν [[κάλλιστος]] πόνων Soph. O. C. 315; κάλλιστον [[θέαμα]] Plat. Rep. III, 402 d; καλλίοσιν ὀνόμασι χρῆσθαι Phil. 43 d; πάντων κάλλιστα, ganz vortrefflich, Soph. 227 c u. sonst; auch καλλιόνως, Legg. II, 660 d Theaet. 169 e; καλλιώτερον stand früher Thuc. 4, 118, findet sich sicher eest bei Sp., vgl. Lob. zu Phryn. p. 136; bei Psell. καλλιστότατος. – [Α ist bei Hom. u. den Epikern, wie den alten jambischen Dichtern lang, nur Hes. O. 63 Th. 585 kurz; bei Pind. u. den attischen Dichtern kurz; bei den epigrammatischen u. bukolischen Dichtern nach Versbedürfniß lang u. kurz, in der Thesis gew. kurz, vgl. Jacobs Anth. Pal. p. 761.] – In den Zusammensetzungen ist [[καλλι-]]die gewöhnliche Form, erst sehr Späte u. die Grammatiker haben καλο-, worin α immer kurz ist.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[beautiful]], [[noble]], [[good]] (Il.); on the meaning Smothers Traditio 5 (1947) 1-57, also Kretschmer Glotta 22, 261.<br />Other forms: Primary comp. <b class="b3">καλλίων</b> (Alc. ntr. <b class="b3">κάλιον</b> [s. below], El. <b class="b3">καλιτερος</b> [graphic?], rarely <b class="b3">καλώτερος</b>, <b class="b3">καλλιώτερος</b>), <b class="b3">κάλλιστος</b>; Dor. adv. (Alcm. 98) <b class="b3">καλλά</b>; cf. Wackernagel Unt. 87f.<br />Dialectal forms: ep. Ion. <b class="b3">καλός</b>, Boeot. <b class="b3">καλϜος</b><br />Compounds: As 1. member rare (for <b class="b3">καλλι-</b>, <b class="b3">εὑ-</b>), e. g. <b class="b3">καλό-φυλλος</b> <b class="b2">with beautiful leaves</b> (Thphr.; after <b class="b3">μακρό-</b>, <b class="b3">λειό-φυλλος</b> etc.); as 2. member e. g. <b class="b3">ἀπειρό-καλος</b> [[not knowing what is beautiful]] (Pl.; from <b class="b3">τὸ καλόν</b>). Note esp. <b class="b3">καλοκἀγαθία</b> (orators, X.), univerbating abstract of <b class="b3">καλὸς κ(αὶ</b>) <b class="b3">ἀγαθός</b> (IA.; see Berlage Mnemos. 60, 20ff.)<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">καλότης</b> [[beauty]] (Chrysipp. Stoic. 3, 60). - With geminate: 1. <b class="b3">κάλλος</b> n. [[beauty]] (Il.), as 2. member e. g. in <b class="b3">περι-καλλής</b> <b class="b2">very beautiful</b> (Il., bahuvrihi); from there <b class="b3">κάλλιμος</b> [[beautiful]] (Od., h. Hom.; after <b class="b3">κύδιμος</b>, s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 10ff.), <b class="b3">καλλύνω</b> <b class="b2">give beauty, make beautiful, sweep</b> (S., Pl., Arist.) with <b class="b3">καλλυντής</b> [[sweeper]] (pap. IIa), <b class="b3">κάλλυντρον</b> [[broom]], also name of a shrub (Arist.), <b class="b3">κάλλυνθρον</b> [[duster]] (LXX, pap.), <b class="b3">καλλυντήρια</b> n. pl. name of a purification feast (Phot., EM), <b class="b3">καλλύσματα</b> pl. [[dust]] (Keos). Fom <b class="b3">κάλλος</b> further <b class="b3">καλλονή</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (cf. <b class="b3">ἡδονή</b>), <b class="b3">καλλοσύνη</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (E.). - 2. compar. <b class="b3">καλλίων</b>, <b class="b3">κάλλιστος</b> (Il.); from there <b class="b3">καλλιόομαι</b> [[be made more beautiful]] (LXX), <b class="b3">καλλιστεύω</b>, <b class="b3">-ομαι</b> [[be the most beautiful]] (Ion.) with <b class="b3">καλλιστεῖον</b>, <b class="b3">καλλίστευμα</b> <b class="b2">sacrifice of the most beautiful, price of beauty, price of honour</b> (S., E., inscr.). - 3. <b class="b3">καλλι-</b> as 1. member (Il.); e. g. <b class="b3">καλλι-γύναικ-α</b>, <b class="b3">-ος</b>, <b class="b3">-ι</b> <b class="b2">with beutiful women</b> (cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 62), also in PN, from where short names like <b class="b3">Καλλίας</b> etc.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: From Att. <b class="b3">καλός</b> and Ion. <b class="b3">καλός</b>, both from <b class="b3">καλϜός</b> (see Sommer Nominalkomp. 59 n. 3), deviate the noun <b class="b3">κάλλος</b>, the compar. forms <b class="b3">καλλίων</b>, <b class="b3">κάλλιστος</b> and the 1. member <b class="b3">καλλι-</b> through the gemination. An explanation is still wanting. The for <b class="b3">κάλλος</b> (and <b class="b3">καλλίων</b>, <b class="b3">κάλλιστος</b>, cf. Benveniste Origines 84; analogical <b class="b3">καλλι-</b> ?) proposed basis <b class="b3">*κάλ-νος</b> or <b class="b3">*κάλ-ι̯ος</b> (hardly to Skt. <b class="b2">kalya-</b>, s. below) do not inspire confidence, as <b class="b3">κάλλος</b> seems a Greek innovation; cf. Chantraine Formation 416f. The assumpion of an expressive gemination (Chantraine) is possible, but is only an emergency solution. For <b class="b3">καλλι-</b> too there is no good explanation. Beside <b class="b3">καλ-Ϝός</b> with old <b class="b2">u̯o-</b>suffix one would expect as 1. member <b class="b3">καλι-</b> (retained in <b class="b3">κάλιον</b> [Alc.]?), which Wackernagel KZ 61, 191ff. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 352ff.) finds back in Skt. <b class="b2">kaly-ā́ṇa-</b> [[beautiful]] (prop. <b class="b2">with beautiful arms, λευκώλενος</b>?; cf. on <b class="b3">ὠλένη</b>); rejected by Mayrhofer Wb. s. <b class="b2">kalyaḥ</b>1). After Schwyzer 447 n. 6 <b class="b3">καλλ-</b> would come from antevocalic <b class="b3">*καλ</b>ι̯-, from where <b class="b3">καλλι-</b> and as backformation <b class="b3">κάλλος</b> etc. Diff. Risch par. 62a : <b class="b3">-λλ-</b> from a comparative <b class="b3">*κάλλων</b> < <b class="b3">*καλι̯ων</b>, from where <b class="b3">κάλλιστος</b> etc.? Similarly Seiler Steigerungsformen 68ff.: a comp. ntr. <b class="b3">*κάλλον</b> < <b class="b3">*κάλι̯ον</b> was considered as positive and resulted in <b class="b3">κάλλιον</b>, <b class="b3">καλλίων</b> (from where <b class="b3">κάλλιστος</b> etc.). - The only non-Greek comparison is Skt. <b class="b2">kalyā́ṇa-</b>, with ep. class. <b class="b2">kalya-</b> [[robust]], [[prepared]]. The Germanic words, ONo. <b class="b2">hǫldr</b> and OHG [[helid]] [[warrior]], [[Held]] must be kept separated.