μύω: Difference between revisions

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0224.png Seite 224]] (μῦ), <b class="b2">sich schließen</b>, zuschließen, bes. von den Lippen u. den Augen; οὐ γάρ πω μύσαν [[ὄσσε]] ὑπὸ βλεφάροισιν, Il. 24, 637, d. i. ich habe noch nicht die Augen im Schlafe geschlossen; σὺν δ' ἕλκεα πάντα μέμυκεν, als tmesis von [[συμμύω]] zu betrachten, ib. 420; μύσαντες δ' εἴχομεν θείαν νόσον, Soph. Ant. 417; übtr., ἀνατέτροφας ὅτι καὶ μύσῃ, Tr. 1005, was der Schol. durch ἡσυχάσῃ erklärt, von der Wunde, die sich schon zusammengeschlossen, hergenommen, der Schmerz, der sich schon gelegt hatte. – Auch in Prosa, δόξει σοι μύειν ἢ παντάπασιν οὐκ ἔχειν ὄμματα, Plat. Soph. 239 e; παρέχειν μύσαντα καὶ ἀνδρείώς, mit zugemachten Augen, Gorg. 480 c; φαίνεται καὶ μύουσιν ὁράματα, Arist. de anim. 3, 3; μύσας ἔκπινε, Antiphan. agroec. frg. 4; χείλεα μεμυκὼς σιγῇ, Cometas (XV, 40); in späterer Prosa, εἰ μύοντί σοι προσελθὼν εἴποι τι, Luc. rhet. praec. 11, εἰ μύοντες οἱ πένητες ἴοιεν, Epist. Saturn. 35; bei sp. Med., μύειν τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, u. allgemeiner, μύειν τὰς αἰσθήσεις. – [Υ im praes. scheint überall lang; im aor. ist es kurz, Il. 24, 637, Soph. Ant. 417, Eur. Med. 1123, Ep. ad. 660 (VII, 221, κανθοὺς τοὺς γλυκεροὺς ἔμυσας), Pallad. 13. 16 (X, 55. 47, χρή με μύσαντα φέρειν u. ἔσθιε, πῖνε, μύσας ἐπὶ πένθεσιν, verbeiße das Leid); aber auch lang bei Sp., Antiphil. 43 (VII, 630, [[οὔπω]] [[χεῖλος]] ἔμυσε); Eryc. 7 (IX, 558, [[ὕπνος]] ἔμυσε κόρας); im perf. ist υ lang, vgl. Leon. Tar. 63 (App. 48).]

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[close]], [[be shut]], esp. of the eyes, <b class="b2">shut the eyes, abate</b>, also (esp. with <b class="b3">κατα-</b>) trans. [[shut]] (<b class="b3">ὀφθαλμούς</b> etc.) (S. Fr. 774, Call., Nic.).<br />Other forms: aor. <b class="b3">μύσαι</b> (Ω 637; cf. below), late. <b class="b3">μῦσαι</b> (AP ), fut. <b class="b3">μύσ-ω</b> (Lyc. 988), perf. <b class="b3">μέμυκα</b> (Ω 420).<br />Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>. As 1. element in <b class="b3">μύ-ωψ</b>, them. elarged <b class="b3">-ωπός</b> "with closing eyes", i.e. <b class="b2">near-sighted</b> (cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 9 n. 2).<br />Derivatives: 1. Adv. in <b class="b3">-τί</b> with <b class="b3">α</b> priv.: <b class="b3">ἀ-μυσ-τί</b> <b class="b2">without closing (the lips), at one draught</b> (Hp., Pherecr.), from where <b class="b3">ἄμυστις</b> f. <b class="b2">drinking at one draught</b> (Anacr., Epich., E.) with <b class="b3">ἀμυστίζω</b> [[empty the cup at one draught]] (E., Plu.); cf. Schwyzer 623 w. n. 10. -- 2. (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατά-)μύσις</b> f. <b class="b2">the closing, go together</b> (Hp., Thphr., Plu.). -- 3. <b class="b3">μύστης</b> m. prob. prop. "who shuts his eyes", <b class="b2">the initiated (in the Eleusinian mysteries)</b> (Heraclit., Ar., E.) in opposition to the <b class="b3">ἐπόπτης</b> "the observer", wo reached the highest degree; f. <b class="b3">μύστις</b> name of comedies of Antiph. and Philem., LXX; with <b class="b3">μυστικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the mystai (mysteries), secret</b> (IA.; Chantraine Études 116, 123, 125), <b class="b3">μυστήριον</b>, usu. pl. <b class="b3">-ια</b> <b class="b2">secret service</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">μυστηρ-ιώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b> etc.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 222 f. -- Beside <b class="b3">μύω</b> stands <b class="b3">μυέω</b>, mostly pass. <b class="b3">μυέομαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">μυηθῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">μυῆσαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">μυηθήσομαι</b>, perf. <b class="b3">μεμύημαι</b>, rarely with <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, prob. prop. "have one's eyes closed" (cf. <b class="b3">μύστης</b>), <b class="b2">be initiated</b>, with secondarily the act. [[initiate]] (IA.). From where <b class="b3">μύησις</b> f. [[initiation]] (hell., inscr., Ph.). -- On itself stands <b class="b3">μυάω</b> <b class="b2">shut the lips (the eyes?)</b> (only Ar. Lys. 126 <b class="b3">τί μοι μυα̃τε</b>; by H. explained with <b class="b3">σκαρδαμύττετε</b>), also <b class="b3">μοιμυάω</b> (H., Phot.); constucted from the Ar.-place?; but cf. <b class="b3">μοιμύλλω</b> s. <b class="b3">μύλλω</b>.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown] IE LIV 401, <b class="b2">*meus-</b> <b class="b2">shut oneself</b><br />Etymology: The perfect <b class="b3">μέμυκα</b> agrees with the also intransitive <b class="b3">ἕστηκα</b>, <b class="b3">βέβηκα</b> etc.; the shortvowel aor. <b class="b3">μύσαι</b> (for which secondarily <b class="b3">μῦσαι</b> to <b class="b3">μύω</b>) may like <b class="b3">φθάσαι</b> a.o. have been transformed from a root aor. (<b class="b3">μύσαν Ω</b> 637 for <b class="b3">*μύ-ν</b>?); from there the fut. <b class="b3">μύσ-ω</b>. Then the <b class="b3">σ</b> in <b class="b3">μύσ-της</b> would be unoriginal. If old, <b class="b3">μέμυκα</b> would have to be analogical. The present <b class="b3">μύω</b> can be explained both from <b class="b3">μυ-</b> and from <b class="b3">μυσ-</b> (<b class="b3">*μύσ-ι̯ω</b> Schulze Q. 334 n. 3 as a question); cf. Schwyzer 686 and 721. -- Comparisons outside Greek are hardly of help: the isolated Latv. [[musinât]] [[whisper]], [[murmur]] (WP. 2, 310, Pok. 752) does no say much. (Does <b class="b3">μύω</b> go back on sound-imitating <b class="b3">μῦ</b>?; s. also <b class="b3">μύζω</b>, <b class="b3">μῦθος</b>, <b class="b3">μυκάομαι</b>. -- The innovation <b class="b3">μυέομαι</b> with <b class="b3">μυέω</b> may have arisen from nonpres., with <b class="b3">η</b> enlarged forms like <b class="b3">μυηθῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">μεμύημαι</b>; cf. Schwyzer 721. On <b class="b3">μυάω</b> cf. <b class="b3">σιγάω</b>, <b class="b3">βοάω</b> a.o. -- On the fate of <b class="b3">μυστικός</b>, <b class="b3">μυστήριον</b> in the Westeurop. languages (Fr. [[mystique]], <b class="b2">mystère</b> etc.) and in Newgr. s. Chantraine Studii clasice 2, 69 f. - Fur. 378 compares <b class="b3">ἀμύω</b> and considers it as perh. Pre-Greek. Janda connects Pal. <b class="b2">muš-</b> <b class="b2">satiate oneself</b>, IE <b class="b2">*meus-</b> <b class="b2">shut oneself</b> (LIV 401), Sprache 40, 1998 [2001], 21.