πίπτω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Aeol. πίσσω, acc. to Gramm. in Hilgard <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">Exc. ex libris Herodiani</b> p.28 (cf. Hdn.Gr.2.377 note); poet. subj. πίπτῃσι <span class="bibl">Pl.Com. 153.5</span>: Ep. impf. πῖπτον <span class="bibl">Il.8.67</span>, etc. (for the quantity of ι cf. Hdn. Gr.<span class="bibl">2.10</span>); Ion. <b class="b3">πίπτεσκον</b> (συμ-) <span class="bibl">Emp.59.2</span>: fut. πεσοῦμαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>971</span> (lyr.), etc.; Ion.3pl. πεσέονται <span class="bibl">Il.11.824</span>, 3sg. πεσέεται <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.163</span>, <span class="bibl">168</span>: aor. <b class="b3">ἔπεσον</b>, inf. <b class="b3">πεσεῖν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.13.178</span>, etc.; 2sg. opt. πεσοίης <span class="bibl">Polem.<span class="title">Call.</span> 10.14</span>; Aeol. and Dor. ἔπετον <span class="bibl">Alc.60</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.69</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>5.50</span>, (κάπετον) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">O.</span>8.38</span>, (<b class="b3">ἐμ</b>-) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>8.81</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isyll.8</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>14.642 (Thurii); in later writers <b class="b3">ἔπεσα</b>, <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">A.</span>521</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Le.</span>9.24</span>, al., f.l. in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>291</span> (προς-): pf. πέπτωκα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>147</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>970</span>, etc.; Ep. part. <b class="b3">πεπτεώς, εῶτος</b> (the εω forming one syll. by synizesis), <span class="bibl">Il.21.503</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">πεπτηώς, ηυῖα</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.354</span>, <span class="bibl">Simon.183.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.69</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.4.1298</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>7.427 (Antip. Sid.), cf. [[πτήσσω]]; Trag. part. πεπτώς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>828</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>697</span>. (Redupl. from πετ-, which appears in Aeol. and Dor. aor. <b class="b3">ἔ-πετ-ον</b> (v. supr.), and the poet. form <b class="b3">πίτ-νω</b>; cogn. with <b class="b3">πέτομαι</b>, q.v.) </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> Radical sense, <b class="b2">fall down</b>, and (when intentional) <b class="b2">cast oneself down</b>, <b class="b3">πρηνέα πεσεῖν, ὕπτιος πέσεν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.6.307</span>, <span class="bibl">15.435</span>, etc.; νιφάδες… π. θαμειαί <span class="bibl">12.278</span>; ὀπίσω πέσεν <span class="bibl">Od.12.410</span>; etc.:—Constr., with Preps., in Hom. almost always <b class="b3">ἐν... ἐν κονίῃσι π</b>. [[fall]] in the dust, i.e. to rise no more, <span class="bibl">Il.11.425</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13.205</span>; ἐν αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι πεπτεῶτας <span class="bibl">Od.22.384</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσί τινος</b> <b class="b2">fall into</b> his arms, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>142.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν χθονὶ πεπτηώς</b> Simon.l.c. (cf. [[πτήσσω]]) π. ἐν δεμνίοις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>125</span> (lyr.) (v. infr. B. 1): rare in Prose, π. ἐν ποταμῷ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>1.32</span>: c. dat. only, πεδίῳ πέσε <span class="bibl">Il.5.82</span>; <b class="b3">δεμνίοις π</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>88</span> (s. v.l.); π. ἐπὶ χθονί <span class="bibl">Od.24.535</span>; οὐδέ οἱ ὕπνος πῖπτεν ἐπὶ βλεφάροις <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>188.4</span>; ἐπὶ γᾷ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>134</span> (lyr.); πρὸς πέδῳ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span> 605</span>; πρὸς ἀγκάλαις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ion</span>962</span>; ἀμφὶ σώμασίν τινων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>326</span>: with a Prep. of motion first in Hes., Πληϊάδες π. ἐς πόντον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Op.</span>620</span>; [ποταμὸς] εἰς ἅλα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>791</span>; εἰς ἄντλον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1025</span> (lyr.); ἐπὶ γᾶν π. αἷμα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 1019</span> (lyr.); ἐπὶ στόμα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>10.13</span>; πρὸς οὖδας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>405</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in Hom. with Advs. of motion as well as of rest, <b class="b3">χαμάδις π</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.7.16</span>, <span class="bibl">15.714</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">χαμαὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">4.482</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.418</span>, etc.; π. ἔραζε <span class="bibl">12.156</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.22.280</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> with Preps. denoting the point from which one falls, ἀπ' ὤμων χαμαὶ πέσε <span class="bibl">Il.16.803</span>; ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>44.3</span>; ἀπό τινος ὄνου <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>701d</span>; ἐκ χειρῶν π. ἡνία <span class="bibl">Il.5.583</span>; π. ἐκ νηός <span class="bibl">Od.12.417</span>; πεσὼν ἐκ νηὸς ἀποφθίμην ἐνὶ πόντῳ <span class="bibl">10.51</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> Geom., of perpendiculars or parts of applied figures, <b class="b3">π. ἐπί τι</b> [[fall]] upon, <span class="bibl">Euc.3.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Fluit.</span> 2.8</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Apollon.Perg.<span class="title">Con.</span>1.2</span>; but <b class="b3">π. ἐπί τι, ποτί τι</b>, [[intersect]], [[meet]], <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Con.Sph.</span>16</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Spir.</span>15</span>; <b class="b3">π. διά τινος</b> [[pass]] through, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Con.Sph.</span> 17</span>; π. κατά τινος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.Cyl.</span>1</span> <span class="title">Def.</span>2; ἐπί τι κατά τινα <span class="bibl">Apollon.Perg. <span class="title">Con.</span>1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Special usages: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b3">πίπτειν ἔν τισι</b> <b class="b2">fall violently upon, attack</b>, ἐνὶ νήεσσι πέσωμεν <span class="bibl">Il.13.742</span> (but <b class="b3">ἐν νήεσσι πεσόντες</b> [[tumbling]] into the ships, <span class="bibl">2.175</span>); <b class="b3">ἐν βουσὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>375</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">Ἔρως, ὃς ἐν κτήμασι</b> π. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>782</span>(lyr.); <b class="b3">ἐπ' ἀλλήλοισι</b>, of combatants, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>379</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">375</span>; πρὸς μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1061</span> ; πρὸς πύλαις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>462</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">throw oneself down, fall down</b>, <b class="b3">πρὸς βρέτη θεῶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">185</span> ; ἀμφὶ σὸν γόνυ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>787</span>; <b class="b3">ἐς γόνατα</b> on one's knees, of a wrestler, <span class="bibl">Simon.156</span> ; ἐς τὸν ὦμον <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>571</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[fall]] in battle, πῖπτε δὲ λαός <span class="bibl">Il.8.67</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ πεπτωκότες</b> <b class="b2">the fallen</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.24</span> ; νέκυες πίπτοντες <span class="bibl">Il.10.200</span>; νεκροὶ περὶ νεκροῖς πεπτωκότες <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>881</span> ; πεσήματα… πέπτωκε δοριπετῆ νεκρῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Andr.</span>653</span> ; π. ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.67</span> ; ὡς… θάμνοι πρόρριζοι πίπτουσι... ὣς ἄρ' ὑπ' Ἀτρεΐδῃ πῖπτε κάρηνα Τρώων <span class="bibl">Il.11.157</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">500</span>, etc. ; τὸ Περσῶν ἄνθος οἴχεται πεσόν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>252</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[fall]], [[be ruined]], δόμον δοκοῦντα κάρτα νῦν πεπτωκέναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>263</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>22</span> e; πεσεῖν… πτώματ' οὐκ ἀνασχετά <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>919</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>181b</span> ; στάντες τ' ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεσόντες ὕστερον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>50</span> ; <b class="b3">ἀβουλίᾳ, ἐξ ἀβουλίας π</b>., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>429</span>, <span class="bibl">398</span> ; ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1078</span> ; of an army, μεγάλα πεσόντα πρήγματα ὑπὸ ἡσσόνων <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.89</span> ; ὁ Ξέρξεω στρατὸς αὐτὸς ὑπ' ἑωυτοῦ ἔπιπτε <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.16</span> ; of a city, π. δορί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span> 5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[fall]], [[sink]], <b class="b3">ἄνεμος πέσε</b> the wind [[fell]], <span class="bibl">Od.19.202</span> (but in <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>547</span>, <b class="b3">Βορέαο πεσόντος</b> is used for <b class="b3">ἐμπεσόντος</b>, <b class="b2">falling on, blowing on</b> one): metaph, πέπτωκεν κομπάσματα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>794</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>474</span> : c. dat., <b class="b3">ταῖς ἐλπίσι πεσεῖν</b> [[fail]] in one's hopes, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.87.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[fall short]], [[fail]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>100e</span> ; of a playwright, [[fail]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>540</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b3">πίπτειν ἔκ τινος</b> <b class="b2">fall out of, lose</b> a thing, unintentionally, <b class="b3">σοι ἐκ θυμοῦ πεσέειν</b> <b class="b2">fall out of, lose</b> thy favour, <span class="bibl">Il.23.595</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἐλπίδων π</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>420.5</span> ; τοὔμπαλιν π. φρενῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>390</span> ; also of set purpose, <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀρκύων π</b>. [[escape]] from... <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>147</span> ; ἔξω τῶν κακῶν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>970</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> reversely, <b class="b3">πολλὴν ἐς κακότητα π</b>. <span class="bibl">Thgn.42</span> ; εἰς ἄτην <span class="bibl">Sol.13.68</span> ; εἰς δουλοσύνην <span class="bibl">Id.9.4</span> ; ἐς δάκρυα <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.21</span> ; ἐς νόσον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>478</span> ; <b class="b3">εἰς ἔρον, ἔριν, ὀργήν, φόβον, ἀνάγκας</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1172</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>578.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>696</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>69</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span> ; also <b class="b3">ἐν γυιοπέδαις π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.41</span> ; ἐν μέσοις ἀρκυστάτοις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1476</span> ; ἐν φόβῳ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1418</span> (lyr.) ; ἐν σολοικισμῷ <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Sol.</span>3</span>; πρὸς τόλμαν S.<span class="title">Ichn.</span> 11 : c. dat. only, π. δυσπραξίαις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>759</span> ; αἰσχύνῃ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>597</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἔχω ποῖ γνώμης πέσω</b> I know not which way <b class="b2">to turn</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">705</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">εἰς ὕπνον π</b>. [[fall]] asleep, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>826</span> ; but ἐν ὕπνῳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).23</span>; simply <b class="b3">ὕπνῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>68</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">π. εἰς (ἰατρικὴν) χρῆσιν</b> <b class="b2">to be applied</b> to (medicinal) use, Dsc.5.19,151,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">π. ὑπ' αἴσθησιν</b> <b class="b2">to be accessible</b> to perception, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Comm.Math.</span>8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">in Nic.</span>p.7</span> P. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">πίπτειν μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικός</b> <b class="b2">to fall</b> between her feet, i.e. to be born, <span class="bibl">Il.19.110</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> of the dice, <b class="b3">τὰ δεσποτῶν εὖ πεσόντα θήσομαι</b> I shall count my master's lucky [[throws]] my own, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>32</span>; ἀεὶ γὰρ εὖ πίπτουσιν οἱ Διὸς κύβοι <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Fr.</span>895</span>; ὥσπερ οἱ κύβοι· οὐ ταὔτ' ἀεὶ πίπτουσιν <span class="bibl">Alex.34</span>; <b class="b3">ὥσπερ ἐν πτώσει κύβων πρὸς τὰ πεπτωκότα τίθεσθαι τὰ πράγματα</b> according to <b class="b2">the throws</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>604c</span> ; <b class="b3">ὄνασθαι πρὸς τὰ νῦν π</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>718</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς τὸ πῖπτον</b> as matters <b class="b2">fall out</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>639</span> ; of tossing up with oystershells, κἂν μὲν πίπτῃσι τὰ λεύκ' ἐπάνω <span class="bibl">Pl.Com.153.5</span> ; of lots, <b class="b3">ὁ κλῆρος π. τινί</b> or <b class="b3">παρά τινα</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>619e</span>, <span class="bibl">617e</span>; ἐπί τινα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>1.26</span>: Astrol., <b class="b3">π. καλῶς ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης</b> Vett. Val.<span class="bibl">7.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[fall]], [[turn out]], <b class="b3">εὖ πίπτειν</b> <b class="b2">to be lucky</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>603</span>; <b class="b3">παρὰ γνώμαν π</b>. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>12.10</span>; of a battle, <b class="b3">καραδοκήσοντα τὴν μάχην τῇ πεσέεται</b> to wait and see how <b class="b2">it would fall</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.163</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.130</span>; <b class="b3">λόγων κορυφαὶ ἐν ἀλαθείᾳ π</b>. <b class="b2">turn out</b> true, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.69</span>; συμφοραὶ παντοῖαι πίπτουσαι παντοίως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>709a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">fall to</b> one, i.e. to his lot, esp. of revenues, [[accrue]], τῷ δήμῳ πρόσοδος ἔπιπτε <span class="bibl">Plb.30.31.7</span>; φησιν… ἑξακισχίλια τάλαντα τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις πεσεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.2.62.1</span> ; <b class="b3">τὴν πεπτωκότα</b> (sic) μοι οἰκίαν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>251.12</span> (ii A. D.); τὰ πίπτοντα διάφορα ἐκ τῶν μυστηρίων <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1390.45 (Andania, i B. C.); τὸ πεσὸν ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς ἀργύριον <span class="bibl">D.H.20.17</span> ; <b class="b2">to be paid</b>, τῶν εἰς Καίσαρα πίπτειν ὀφειλόντων ἐξεταστής <span class="bibl">Str.17.1.12</span> ; τὰ πεπτωκότα εἰς τὸ… ἱερόν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEleph.</span>10.2</span> (iii B. C.); π. ἐπὶ τράπεζαν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>236.7</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>3.1200.1</span> (ii B. C.) ; μὴ πιπτόντων τῶν τόκων <span class="title">BMus.Inscr.</span>1032.40 (Teos) ; <b class="b3">πέπτωκεν ἁλικῆς διά τινος</b>… <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ostr.Bodl.</span>i3</span> (iii B. C.) (but <b class="b3">τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν προσόδων πίπτοντα</b> [[deficiencies]], <span class="title">IPE</span>12.32<span class="hiitalic">B</span>75 (Olbia)). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> [[fall]], of a date or period of Time, π. κατὰ τὴν ρκθ' Ὀλυμπιάδα <span class="bibl">Plb.1.5.1</span> ; οἱ χρόνοι οἱ πίπτοντες ὑπὸ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἱστορίαν <span class="bibl">Id.4.2.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> <b class="b2">fall under, belong to</b> a class, εἰς γένη ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1005a2</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐπιστήμην</b> ib.<span class="bibl">982b8</span> ; ὑπὸ τὴν αὐτὴν μέθοδον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Top.</span>102a37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">151a15</span> ; ὑπὸ τέχνην οὐδεμίαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">EN</span>1104a8</span> ; ἔξω τῶν διῃρημένων γενῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">PA</span>681b1</span> ; τὸ μακάριον ἐνταῦθα πεπτωκέναι <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.28U.</span>; ὅσα πέπτωκεν ὑπὸ τὴν… ἱστορίαν <span class="bibl">Plb.2.14.7</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0618.png Seite 618]] (πετ, s. [[πίτνω]] u. vgl. [[μίμνω]], [[γίγνομαι]]), fut. πεσοῦμαι, ion. πεσέομαι, aor. ἔπεσον, πεσεῖν, u. dor. [[ἔπετον]], wie Pind. πετοῖσαι, Ol. 7, 69, ἐν πετόντεσσιν ἁνιόχοις, P. 5, 50, sonst hat er aber u. öfter ἔπεσον, perf. πέπτωκα, dessen partic. sync. bei Hom. πεπτεώς, πεπτεῶτος (zwei- u. dreisylbig zu sprechen), Il. 21, 503 Od. 22, 384, att. πεπτώς (vgl. [[πτήσσω]]). Den Gebrauch des aor. I. [[ἔπεσα]], den Einige, wie Wüstem. Eur. Alc. 477, Osann über Soph. Ai. p. 52 ff. auch den Tragg. gestatten, erklärt Herm. zu Eur. Alc. 477 für barbarisch, vgl. Mein. Men. p. 414; Lob. Phryn. p. 724; – 1) <b class="b2">fallen, niederfallen, stürzen</b>, auch so, daß die bestimmte Absicht des subj. ausgedrückt wird, <b class="b2">sich werfen</b>; βέλεα ἐτώσια πίπτει [[ἔραζε]], Il. 17, 633; oft von den in der Schlacht Getödteten, πῖπτε δὲ [[λαός]], 8, 67, ὅςτε ἑῆς [[πρόσθεν]] πόλιος λαῶν τε πέσῃσιν, Od. 8, 524; πίπτειν ὑπό τινος, Her. 9, 63; νιφάδες δ' ὡς πῖπτον [[ἔραζε]], Il. 12, 156; ἐξ ἵππων [[χαμάδις]] πέσε, 7, 16; auch χαμαὶ πέσεν, 4, 482 u. oft; θνήσκοντες πίπτουσιν, 1, 243; u. abweichend vom Deutschen, πέσεν ἐν κονίῃσιν, 13, 205 u. oft, er fiel in den Sand, wobei man zu denken hat »und blieb darin liegen«; vgl. πέσεν ἐν ὕπνῳ, Pind. I. 3, 41; auch ἐν γυιοπέδαις πεσών, P. 2, 41; auch übh. hineingerathen in Etwas, ἐν ὀρφανίᾳ πέσωμεν, I. 7, 6 (wofür die Folgdn gew. εἴς τι sagen, s. unten); ἐν ἀρκυστάτοις, Soph. El. 1469, wie auch πεδίῳ πίπτειν, zu Boden stürzen und liegen bleiben, Il. 5, 82; vgl. πέδῳ πεσών, Aesch. Ch. 47; Eum. 457; Soph. El. 737; ἐπὶ χθονί, Od. 24, 535; ἐπὶ γᾷ πέσε, Soph. Ant. 134, wie vom Schlafe, [[ὕπνος]] ἐπὶ βλεφάροισιν ἔπιπτεν, Od. 2, 398; Hes. frg. 47, 7, der auch πίπτειν εἴς τι vrbdt, O. 622 Th. 971. 873; vgl. Aesch. Spt. 385 Pers. 498; ἐπὶ γᾶν, Ag. 990, πρὸς [[οὖδας]], Eur. Hec. 405, πρὸς πέδῳ, Bacch. 605. – Bes. ist πίπτειν ἔν τινι sich mit Gewalt auf Etwas werfen, stürzen, ἐνὶ νήεσσι πέσωμεν, wir wollen einen Angriff auf die Schiffe machen, uns auf sie stürzen, Il. 13, 742, ἐν βουσὶ πεσών, Soph. Ai. 367, vgl. ὃς ἐν κτήμασι πίπτεις Ant. 778, so auch von Kämpfenden, ἐπ' ἀλλήλοισιν, auf einander stürzen, Hes. Sc. 879, πρὸς μῆλα, Soph. Ai. 1040. ἀμφὶ σὸν [[πίπτω]] [[γόνυ]], Eur. Hec.. 787; u. bes. εἰς γόνατα, auf die Kniee fallen, Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 8 u. A., – ὅς κεν ἐπ' ἤματι τῷδε πέσῃ μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικός, Il. 19, 110, ist derselbe Ausdruck für »geboren werden«, den wir nur von Thieren gebrauchen: fallen, geworfen werden. – Hom. auch vom Fallen der abgemähten Aehren, Il. 11, 69. 18, 552, u. abgehauener Bäume, 23, 120, so vom Abfallen der Frucht, καρπὸς [[χαμάδις]] πεσών, Aesch. Spt. 340; u. übtr., τὸ Περσῶν δ' [[ἄνθος]] οἴχεται πεσόν, Pers. 248; [[πόλις]], Soph. Ai. 1062; ἢσεσώσμεθα ἢ πίπτομεν, Tr. 84; vgl. Eur. Hec. 11, wie ἡ [[πόλις]] οὐκ ἂν ἔπεσε τὸ τοιοῦτον [[πτῶμα]] Plat. Lach. 181 b; – εἴς τι, in Etwas hineingerathen, ohne daß man es weiß oder will, ἐς νόσον, in eine Krankheit verfallen, Aesch. Prom. 472, ἐς τοσοῦτον αἰκίας, Soph. O. C. 753, ἐς κακόν, Ant. 240. 1014; εἰς [[ὕπνον]], Phil. 815, womit man noch vergleichen kann οὐκ ἔχω [[τάλαινα]], ποῖ γνώμης πέσω, Tr. 702, wohin ich gerathen soll; εἰς ἄταν, Eur. I. A. 137; εἰς ἀηθίαν, Hel. 419; auch εἰς ἔρον τοῦ μαθεῖν, I. T. 1172; εἰς ἀνανδρίαν, El. 982; εἰς ὀργήν, Or. 695; εἰς εὐνὴν καὶ γαμήλιον [[λέχος]], Ar. Th. 1122; εἰς ξυμφοράν, Plat. Rep. III, 399 b; εἰς ἐξουσίαν τινός, Pol. 3, 4, 12; – πίπτειν ἔκ τινος, herausfallen, -gerathen aus Etwas, ohne daß man es weiß oder will, ἐκ θυμοῦ πίπτειν τινί, Jemandem aus dem Herzen fallen, d. i. um seine Gunst oder Liebe kommen, Il. 23, 595; doch auch mit Vorsatz u. freiem Willen, Od. 10, 51; ἐξ ἀρκύων πέπτωκεν, ist aus dem Netz herausgenommen, Aesch. Eum. 142; vgl. πίπτειν ἔξω τῶν κακῶν, Ar. Ran. 968. – 2) [[fallen]], [[sich legen]], [[sinken]], an Kraft verlieren, [[nachlassen]], schwächer werden; [[ἄνεμος]] πέσε, der Wind legte sich, Od. 19, 202; Βορέαο πεσόντος, 14, 475 (aber Hes. O. 549 ist Βορέαο πεσόντος »wenn der Boreas daherstürmt«); dah. übtr., πέπτωκεν ἀνδρῶν ὀβρίμων κομπάσματα, Aesch. Spt. 776; [[ἴσθι]] τοι τὰ σκλήρ' [[ἄγαν]] φρονήματα πίπτειν [[μάλιστα]], Soph. Ant. 470; übtr., ταῖς ἐλπίσι πεσεῖν, in seinen Hoffnungen nachlassen, seine Hoffnungen sinken lassen, Pol. 1, 87, 1. – Auch von besiegten Heeren, [[unterliegen]], ὑπ' ἐλασσόνων, Thuc. u. A., wie Her. 7. 18, μεγάλα πεσόντα πρήγματα ὑπὸ ἡσσόνων; auch ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίοις ἔπεσε, Strab. 7, 7, 8; u. übh. zusammenfallen, -stürzen, -sinken, untergehen, δόμον δοκοῦντα πεπτωκέναι, Aesch. Ch. 261, übtr. ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ [[ἡδονή]] σοι πεπτωκέναι, Plat. Phil. 22 e. – Auch = durchfallen,<b class="b2"> mißlingen</b>, τὰ πεπτωκότα, das Mißlungene, auch vom Dichter, dessen Stück durchfällt, Ar. Equ. 538. – 3) vom Fallen der Würfel; ἀεὶ γὰρ εὖ πίπτουσιν οἱ Διὸς κύβοι, Soph. frg.; vgl. Pflugk zu Eur. Hel. 1082; u. übtr., κἀξ ἀγεννήτων ἄρα μῦθοι [[καλῶς]] πίπ τουσιν, Soph. Tr. 62, vgl. Ai. 612; so auch Eur. τὰ μὲν εὖ, τὰ δ' οὐ [[καλῶς]] πίπτοντα [[δέρκομαι]] βροτῶν, El. 1101; u. vom Loose, ὁ [[κλῆρος]] αὐτῷ τῆς αἱρέσεως μἡ ἐν τελευταίαις πίπτοι, Plat. Rep. X, 619 e, vgl. 617 e. Uebh. vom Zufall oder Schicksal, [[ausfallen]], einen Ausgang nehmen, Her. 7, 163. 168. 8, 180; ξυμφοραὶ παντοῖαι πίπτουσαι, Plat. Legg. IV, 709 a; πρὸς τὰ πεπτωκότα τίθεσθαι τὰ [[αὑτοῦ]] πράγματα, nach den zufälligen Begebnissen, Rep. X, 604 c. – Daher auch zusammenfallen, der Zeit nach [[zusammentreffen]], οἱ χρόνοι οἱ πίπτοντες ὑπὸ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἱστορίαν, Pol. 4, 2, 2, u. ὅσα πέπτωκεν ὑπὸ τὴν ἡμ. ἱστ., 2, 4, 7, was in unsere Geschichte fällt, wie πίπτει εἰς τοὺς ἡμετέρους χρόνους, es fällt in unsere Zeit, vgl. 1, 5, 1, 4, 14, 9; auch οὐδ' ὑπὸ λόγον, πίπτει ἡ [[ἀδικία]], fällt nicht der Berechnung anheim, man kann davon keine Rechenschaft geben, 4, 13, 11; ἑκατὸν καὶ [[εἴκοσι]] τάλαντα [[πρόσοδος]] ἔπιπτε τῷ δήμῳ, fielen dem Volke als Einkünfte zu, 31, 7, 7; so auch πίπτει τὰ τέλη, die Abgaben kommen ein, sind fällig, Strab.; εἴς τινα, Einem zukommen, S. Emp. adv. log. 1, 275 adv. gramm. 85, bes. aber ὑπό τι, z. B. τὴν αὐτὴν ἀπορίαν, ζήτησιν, adv. phys. 1, 356 log. 2, 347. – [Ι ist in [[πίπτω]] schon von Natur lang, Drac. p. 73, 18. 79, 21; vgl. Herm. Eur. Herc. F. 1371.]

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to fall, to fall off, to drop down, to fall out</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: Fut. <b class="b3">πεσέομαι</b> (ep. Ion.), <b class="b3">-οῦμαι</b> (Att.), aor. <b class="b3">πετεῖν</b>, <b class="b3">ἔπετον</b> (Dor. Aeol.), <b class="b3">πεσεῖν</b>, <b class="b3">ἔπεσον</b> (IA.), perf. ptc. acc. <b class="b3">πεπτ-εῶτ</b>', <b class="b3">-εῶτας</b> (ep.), nom. <b class="b3">-ηώς</b> (Ion.; also of <b class="b3">πτήσσω</b>), <b class="b3">-ώς</b> (trag.), ind. <b class="b3">πέπτωκα</b>, ptc. <b class="b3">-ωκώς</b> (Att.).<br />Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">εἰσ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">συμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Many derivv. 1. <b class="b3">πότ-μος</b> m. <b class="b2">(falling) fate, destiny, (the fate of) death</b> (ep. poet. Il.). 2. <b class="b3">πτῶ-μα</b> n., often w. prefix (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>πίπτω etc. from <b class="b3">συμ-πίπτειν</b> etc.) in diff. senses, <b class="b2">fall, plunge, the fallen, the corpse</b> (Att. A., hell.) with dimin. <b class="b3">-μάτιον</b> (inscr. Asia Minor), <b class="b3">-ματίς</b> f. <b class="b2">tumbling cup</b> (Mosch. ap. Ath.), <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> <b class="b2">inclined towards falling etc.</b> (hell.), <b class="b3">-ματίζω</b> <b class="b2">to bring down</b> (hell.) with <b class="b3">-ματισμός</b> m. <b class="b2">falling sickness</b> (Ptol.). 3. <b class="b3">πτῶ-σις</b> (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>πίπτω etc.) f. [[fall]] (Hp., Att.), a.o. <b class="b2">fall of the die</b>, from where as gramm. term <b class="b2">form of flection, case</b> (Arist.), with <b class="b3">-σιμος</b> <b class="b2">brought down</b> (A.; after <b class="b3">ἁλώσιμος</b>? Arbenz 80), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> (<b class="b3">μετα-</b>πίπτω a.o.) [[inflectable]] (Gramm.). 4. <b class="b3">πέσ-ος</b> n. [[corpse]] (E. in lyr.), <b class="b3">-ημα</b> n. <b class="b2">fall, the fallen down, the corpse</b> (trag.; Chantraine Form. 184, v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. to v. 1131), <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> n. [[plunge]] (vase-inscr.; after <b class="b3">πτῶμα</b>). 5. <b class="b3">-πετής</b> a.o. in <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-πετής</b> <b class="b2">falling down, blundering into smth.</b> resp. [[falling over]], [[prepared]], [[rash]] with <b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-πέτ-εια</b> f. (IA.); also in compounds as <b class="b3">εὑ-πετής</b> <b class="b2">to turn out well, convenient, fortunate</b> with <b class="b3">-εια</b> f. (IA.); <b class="b3">διι-πετής</b> s. v. 6. <b class="b3">-πτώς</b> in <b class="b3">ἀ-πτώς</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶτος</b> <b class="b2">not falling</b> (Pi., Pl.); also <b class="b3">-πτης</b> in <b class="b3">ἀπτης</b> (inscr. Olympia)? -- On [[ποταμός]] s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [825] <b class="b2">*petH-</b> [[fly]], [[fall]].<br />Etymology: The remarkable <b class="b3">σ</b> for <b class="b3">τ</b> in IA. <b class="b3">πεσέομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-οῦμαι</b> and <b class="b3">πεσεῖν</b> is secondary and not convincingly explained; cf. Schwyzer 271 Zus. 2 w. lit., 746 n. 6 and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 451. -- The pair <b class="b3">πίπτω</b> (with [[ī]] after <b class="b3">ῥίπτω</b>?): <b class="b3">πετεῖν</b> agrees with <b class="b3">γίγνομαι</b> : <b class="b3">γενέσθαι</b>; to this the disyllabic fut. <b class="b3">πεσέ-ομαι</b> for <b class="b3">*πετέ-[σ]ομαι</b> and the full grades <b class="b3">πτω-</b>, <b class="b3">πτη-</b> in <b class="b3">πέ-πτω-κα</b>, <b class="b3">πτῶ-μα</b>, <b class="b3">-σις</b>, <b class="b3">πε-πτη-ώς</b> cannot be compared with <b class="b3">γενέ-τωρ</b>, <b class="b3">γνή-σιος</b> which has <b class="b2">*ǵenh₁-</b>, <b class="b2">ǵn̥h₁-</b> (not here <b class="b3">γνωτός</b>?; s. on <b class="b3">γίγνομαι</b>), s. Schwyzer 746, 784 a. 360. The origin of the alternative root forms is not well known. An innovation is <b class="b3">πίτ-νω</b> (<b class="b3">-νῶ</b>) with <b class="b3">ι</b> as in several <b class="b3">ν-</b>presents (Schwyzer 695). -- The whole system is a specific Greek development of the old verb also found in <b class="b3">πέτομαι</b> [[fly]]; the meaning [[fall]] is also found a.o. in Skt. <b class="b2">pátati</b>. A point of contact show the fut. <b class="b3">*πετέ-[σ]ομαι</b>: Skt. <b class="b2">pati-ṣyáti</b>; morpholog. close are also <b class="b3">πότμος</b> and Skt. <b class="b2">pát-man-</b> n. [[flight]], [[course]], [[path]] (would be Gr. <b class="b3">*πέτμα</b>). -- Further s. [[πέτομαι]]; cf. also [[πτήσσω]] and [[πίτυλος]] (which hardly belongs here).