σωτήρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ῆρος, ὁ, voc. <b class="b3">σῶτερ</b> (v. infr. <span class="bibl">1.2</span>): poet. σᾰωτήρ <span class="bibl">Simon. 129</span>, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Del.</span>166</span>: (σῴζω):—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[saviour]], [[deliverer]], c. gen. of person etc. saved, <b class="b3">σ. ἀνθρώπων, νηῶν</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Hom.</span>22.5</span>, <span class="bibl">33.6</span>; τῆς Ἑλλάδος <span class="bibl">Hdt. 7.139</span>; ἑστίας πατρός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>264</span>; but also c. gen. rei, [<b class="b3">νόσου], κακῶν, βλάβης</b>, <b class="b2">a preserver from</b> disease, ills, hurt, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>304</span>, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Med.</span>360</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Heracl.</span>640</span>; c. dat., σ. τῇ πόλει καὶ νῷν φανείς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>149</span>; <b class="b3">σ. δόμοις</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1161</span>; of a philosopher or guide, ὁδηγόν . . ὅν φησι σωτῆρα μόνον <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Lib.</span>p.20</span> O.; esp. of Epicurus, ὁ σ. ὁ ἡμέτερος Polystr.<span class="title">Herc.</span>346p.80V. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> epith. of <b class="b3">Ζεύς</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 5.17</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>30.5</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.410.18 (iv B.C.), etc.; to whom persons after a safe voyage offered sacrifice, <span class="bibl">Diph.43.24</span>; there was often a temple of <b class="b3">Ζεὺς Σ</b>. at harbours, e.g. the Piraeus, <span class="bibl">Str.9.1.15</span>; to <b class="b3">Ζεὺς Σωτήρ</b> the third cup of wine was dedicated, τρίτον Σωτῆρι σπένδειν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>6(5).8</span>; τρίτην Διὸς Σωτῆρος εὐκταίαν λίβα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>55</span>; Ζεῦ σῶτερ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span> 1009</span>, <span class="bibl">Din.1.36</span>; ὦ Ζεῦ σῶτερ <span class="bibl">Philem.79.21</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.532.2</span>; to drink this cup became a symbol of good luck, and the third time came to mean the lucky time, <b class="b3">τρίτος ἦλθέ ποθεν--σωτῆρ' ἢ μόρον εἴπω</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span> 1073</span> (anap.); whence the proverb <b class="b3">τὸ τρίτον τῷ σωτῆρι</b> the third (i.e. the lucky) time, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>583b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phlb.</span>66d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Chrm.</span>167a</span>; and Zeus was himself called τρίτος σ., Παλλάδος καὶ Λοξίου ἕκατι καὶ τοῦ πάντα κραίν οντος τρίτου σωτῆρος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>760</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>26</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> epith. of other gods, as of Apollo, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ag.</span>512</span>, etc.; of Hermes, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>2</span>; of Asclepios, <span class="title">IG</span>4.718 (Hermione), 7.2808 (Hyettus, iii A.D.), <b class="b2">BMus. Cat.Coins Pontus</b> p.156 (Nicaea); σ. εὐρυχόρου Λακεδαίμονος <span class="bibl">Isyll. 82</span>; τὸν σ. τῶν ὅλων Ἀσκληπιόν <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>4.153b</span>; Ζεὺς Ἀσκληπιὸς σ. τῶν ὅλων <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Or.</span>42(6).4</span>; of the Dioscuri, <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).422 (Thera, iii B.C.), 14.2406.108 (Tarentum), etc.; even with fem. deities, <b class="b3">Τύχη σωτήρ</b>, for <b class="b3">σώτειρα</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>664</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>81</span>: generally, of [[guardian]] or [[tutelary gods]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.138</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>982</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>738</span>; τοῖς ἀποτροπαίοις καὶ σωτῆρσι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.3.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> applied to rulers, <b class="b3">διὰ σέ, βασιλεῦ</b> (viz. Ptolemy IV Philopator), <b class="b3">τὸν πάντων κοινὸν σ</b>. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PEnteux.</span> 11.6</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">Πτολεμαῖος Σ</b>. <span class="title">OGI</span>19.1, al.; <b class="b3">Ἀντίοχος Σ</b>. ib.233.3, al.; of Roman Emperors or governors, ib.668.3 (Egypt, i A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>1.177.24</span> (i A.D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> in LXX and <span class="title">NT</span>, applied to God, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">De.</span>32.15</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Ti.</span>1.1</span>, al.; to Christ, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>2.11</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in Poets, as Adj., σ. ναὸς πρότονος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>897</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 159</span>; with a fem. noun, <b class="b3">γονῆς σωτῆρος</b> (as Herm. for <b class="b3">γυνή</b>) <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span> 225</span>; <b class="b3">τιμαὶ σωτῆρες</b> the office or prerogative [[of saving]], of the Dioscuri, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>993</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> name of a month created by Caligula, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1078</span> (<span class="bibl">38</span> A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRyl.</span>2.149</span> (<span class="bibl">39</span>/<span class="bibl">40</span> A.D.), etc.</span>