ἔθνος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος, τό: (<b class="b3">ϝέθνος</b>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.2.87</span>, <span class="bibl">7.115</span>, al.): -<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">number of people living together, company, body of men</b>, <b class="b3">ἑτάρων ἔ., ἔ. ἑταίρων</b>, [[band]] of comrades, <span class="bibl">Il.3.32</span>, <span class="bibl">7.115</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἔθνος λαῶν</b> [[host]] of men, <span class="bibl">13.495</span>; of particular tribes, Αυκίων μέγα ἔ. <span class="bibl">12.330</span>; Ἀχαιῶν ἔ. <span class="bibl">17.552</span>: pl., ἔθνεα πεζῶν <span class="bibl">11.724</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.91</span>; ἔ. νεκρῶν <span class="bibl">Od.10.526</span>; of animals, <b class="b3">ἔ. μελισσάων, ὀρνίθων, μυιάων</b>, [[swarms]], [[flocks]], etc., <span class="bibl">Il.2.87</span>,<span class="bibl">459</span>,<span class="bibl">469</span>; ἔθνη θηρῶν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1147</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>344</span>; <b class="b3">ἔ. ἀνέρων, γυναικῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.66</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>4.252</span>; <b class="b3">ἔ. βρότεον, θνατόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>3.74</span>, <span class="bibl">11.42</span>; <b class="b3">ἔ. τόδε</b>, of the Erinyes, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>366</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> after Hom., [[nation]], [[people]], <b class="b3">τὸ Μηδικὸν ἔ.</b> (<b class="b3">γένος</b> being a subdivision of <b class="b3">ἔθνος</b>) <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.101</span>; <b class="b3">ἔ. ἠπειρογενές, μαχαιροφόρον</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>43</span>, <span class="bibl">56</span> (anap.), etc.; τῶν μηδισάντων ἐθνέων τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.106</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> later, <b class="b3">τὰ ἔ</b>. [[foreign]], [[barbarous nations]], opp. <b class="b3">Ἕλληνες</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1324b10</span>; <b class="b3">ἔ. νομάδων</b>, of Bedawîn, <span class="title">LW</span>2203 (Syria); at Athens, athletic <b class="b2">clubs of non-Athenians</b>, IG2.444, al.; in LXX, <b class="b2">non-Jews, Ps</b>.2.1, al., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>7.45</span>; <span class="title">Gentiles</span>, <b class="b3">τῶν ἐθνῶν τε καὶ Ἰουδαίων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">14.5</span>, etc.; used of <b class="b2">Gentile Christians, Ep. Rom</b>.<span class="bibl">15.27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> at Rome, = [[provinciae]], <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>2.13</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdn.1.2.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PStrassb.</span>22.19</span> (iii A. D.), <span class="bibl">D.C.36.41</span>, etc.: so in sg., [[province]], ὁ τυραννήσας τοῦ ἔθνους <span class="bibl">D.Chr.43.11</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ἡγούμενος τοῦ ἔθνους</b> the governor of the [[province]], POxy.1020.5 (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[class]] of men, [[caste]], [[tribe]], <b class="b3">τὸ Θετταλῶν . . πενεστικὸν ἔ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>776d</span>; ἔθνος κηρυκικόν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>290b</span>; <b class="b3">οἶσθά τι ἔ. ἠλιθιώτερον ῥαψῳδῶν</b>; <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>3.6</span>; <b class="b3">δημιουργικὸν ἔ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>455b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>3</span>; ἔ. βραχμάνων <span class="bibl">D.S.17.102</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἱερὰ ἔ</b>. the [[orders]] of priests, <span class="title">OGI</span>90.17 (ii B. C.); <b class="b2">trade-associations</b> or [[guilds]], ἔθνη καὶ ἐργαστήρια <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3p.67</span> (iii B. C.), al.; [[class]] in respect to rank or station, οὐ πρὸς τοῦτο βλέποντες . . ὅπως . . ἕν τι ἔ. ἔσται διαφερόντως εὔδαιμον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>420b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">421c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.21.131</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[sex]], <b class="b3">θῆλυ, ἄρρεν ἔ</b>., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>7.26</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[part]], [[member]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Loc.Hom.</span>1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of a single person, <b class="b2">a relation</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.43</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0720.png Seite 720]] τό, wahrscheinlich von [[ἔθος]], die durch Gewohnheit verbundene Menge, [[Schaar]], Haufen; ἑταί. ρων, πεζῶν, Ἀχαιῶν u. ä. Hom.; [[ἔθνος]] λαῶν, die Schaar der Kriegsmannen, Il. 13, 495; βροτόν u. βρότεον, Menschenvolk, Pind. P. 10, 28 N. 3, 71; γυναικῶν P. 4, 252; ἀνέρων Ol. 1, 66. So Tragg. u. Prosa, wo es dann bestimmter [[Volk]], [[Volksstamm]], Nation bedeutet; κατ' ἔθνη καὶ καθ' ἕκαστον [[ἄστυ]] Thuc. 1, 1; πομπὰς ἐποίησαν κατὰ [[ἔθνος]] ἕκαστοι τῶν Ἑλλήνων, stammweise, Xen. An. 5, 5, 5; ἔθνη βάρβαρα Plat. Critia. 109 a; τὸ Θετταλῶν πενεστικὸν [[ἔθνος]] Legg. VI, 776 d. Aber auch [[Menschenklasse]], ἢ κλάπτας ἢ ἄλλο τι [[ἔθνος]] Plat. Rep. I, 351 c; δημιουργικόν Gorg. 455 b; τὸ κηρυκικόν Polit. 290 b, die Herolde; οἶσθά τι [[ἔθνος]] ἠλιθιώτερον ῥαψῳδῶν Xen. Conv. 3, 6. – Von<b class="b2"> Thieren</b>, = Schaaren, [[Heerden]], [[Schwärme]]; χηνῶν Il. 2, 459; μελισσῶν 2, 87; χοίρων Od. 14, 73; θηρῶν ἀγρίων Soph. Ant. 344, wie Phil. 1132; ἰχθύων Plat. Tim. 92 c; sp. D., wie Theocr. 95, 114. – Bei Xen. Oec. 7, 26 θῆλυ – ἄῤῥεν, [[Geschlecht]]. – Bei Sp., wie D. Cass. 36, 24, die <b class="b2">unterworfenen Völker</b> in den Provinzen. – Bei K. S. = [[Heiden]].

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[group]], [[heap]], [[swarm]] (of people, animals; Hom., Pi.), [[class]], [[people]] (Hdt.), <b class="b2">foreign people</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">τὰ ἔθνη</b> <b class="b2">the heathens</b> (NT); on the meaning Chantr. BSL 43, 52ff.<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">ἐθν-άρχης</b> [[governor]], [[prince]] (LXX, J., NT), as 2. member a. o. in <b class="b3">ὁμο-εθνής</b> [[belonging to the same people]] (Hdt.), <b class="b3">ἀλλο-εθνής</b> (hell.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἐθνικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a foreign people, national, traditional, heathen</b> (hell.), cf. <b class="b3">γενικός</b> to <b class="b3">γένος</b>; <b class="b3">ἐθνίτης</b> [[belonging to the same people]] (Eust., Suid.), <b class="b3">ἐθνισταί οἱ ἐκ τοῦ αὑτοῦ ἔθνους</b> H.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 22; <b class="b3">ἐθνυμών</b> meaning? (Hdn. Gr.; after <b class="b3">δαιτυμών</b>?); <b class="b3">ἐθνηδόν</b> adv. <b class="b2">per people</b> (LXX).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Unknown. If <b class="b3">-νος</b> is a suffix (<b class="b3">ἔρ-νος</b>, <b class="b3">σμῆ-νος</b>; Chantr. Form. 420, Schwyzer 512) one may compare <b class="b3">ἔθος</b> (s. v.), perh. from <b class="b2">*su̯edh-nos</b>, which like Goth. [[sibja]] [[Sippe]], the peoples name [[Suēbī]] a. o. (IE <b class="b2">*s(u̯)ēbh-</b> Pok. 883) goes back on the reflexive <b class="b2">*s(u̯)e</b> (s. <b class="b3">ἕ</b>, <b class="b3">ἑ</b>). Other hypotheses by Fick (s. Bq), Fay (s. Kretschmer Glotta 1, 378), Bonfante (s. Schwyzer 512 n. 6). - One connected also <b class="b3">ὀθνεῖος</b> (Demokr., Pl.) as <b class="b2">belonging to the ἔθνος</b> (Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 238); in this case hardly from <b class="b2">*su̯e-</b>. The word could be of foreign origin. - From <b class="b3">ἔθνος</b> (spoken <b class="b3">ἕθνος</b>) Kopt. [[hεθνος]], Arm. [[het]][[anos]], and also Goth. [[haiÞno]] [[heathen]] (from where the other Germ. words).