ὀστέον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, Att. contr. ὀστοῦν, poet. ὀστεῦν <span class="title">AP</span>7.480 (Leon.); Aeol. perh. ὄστιον Alc.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>2081 (<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">d)Fr</b>.5: pl. <b class="b3">ὀστέα</b>, Att. contr. <b class="b3">ὀστᾶ</b>, late Ep. <b class="b3">ὀστά [ᾰ</b>] <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">C.</span>1.268</span>, Epigr.in <span class="bibl">D.L.1.63</span>, <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>517.7 (Edessa); Dor. ὀστία <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.61</span>; but Trag. and Com. use gen. pl. <b class="b3">ὀστέων</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>367</span> (codd. Poll.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>769</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1226</span>, and it is so written in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1177</span> where metre requires <b class="b3">ὀστῶν</b>: and the uncontr. forms generally occur in later Prose, as in Arist. (v. infr.); nom. ὀστέον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLit.Lond.</span>167.17</span>(ii/iii A. D.); dat. pl. ὀστέοις <span class="bibl">Diog.Oen.39</span>; Ep. gen. pl. <b class="b3">ὀστεόφιν</b> (v. infr.):—[[bone]], freq. in Hom. (<span class="bibl">Il.4.460</span>, al.) and Hp. (<span class="bibl"><span class="title">VC</span>1</span>, al.); Hes. only in pl., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>540</span>, al.; <b class="b3">λεύκ' ὀστέα</b> [[the bleached bones of the dead]], <span class="bibl">Od.1.161</span>, etc.; σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα <span class="bibl">9.293</span>; <b class="b3">πολὺς δ' ἀμφ' ὀστεόφιν θίς</b> a huge heap <b class="b2">of bones</b> around, <span class="bibl">12.45</span>; ῥινὸν ἀπ' ὀστεόφιν ἐρύσαι <span class="bibl">14.134</span>; γυμνοῦσι τὰ ὀστέα τῶν κρεῶν <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.61</span>; <b class="b3">ὀστέων στέγαστρον</b>, of the skin, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>367</span>; ἀρχὴ τῶν ὀστῶν ἡ καλουμένη ῥάχις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>54b11</span>; esp. of the cranium, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VC</span>2</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Il. 12.185</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> metaph., <b class="b3">γῆς ὀστέοισιν ἐγχριμφθεὶς πόδα</b>, i.e. [[rocks]], <span class="bibl">Choeril.Trag.2</span> (<b class="b3">ὀστοῖσιν</b> Nauck). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[stone]] of fruit, ὀστῶν περσεΐνων <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>176.168</span> (iii B. C.), cf. Dsc.<span class="title">Eup.</span>1.66, <span class="title">Gp.</span>10.13.3, al., Sch.<span class="bibl">Nic.<span class="title">Al.</span>99</span>. [Accent <b class="b3">ὀστέον</b> Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.943</span>, but ὄστεον Anon. ap. Sch.<span class="bibl">Il.24.793</span>.] (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">´sthi</b>, gen. <b class="b2">asthn´s</b> 'bone', etc.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[bone]] (Il.), also <b class="b2">stone of fruit</b> (pap. IIIa.; s. below).<br />Other forms: Att. <b class="b3">ὀστοῦν</b>, Aeol. pl. <b class="b3">-ια</b>, Dor. (Theoc.) <b class="b3">-ία</b>.<br />Compounds: Few compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὀστ(ε)ο-κόπος</b> m. name of <b class="b2">a bone-disease</b> (Hp., Thphr., Gal.), <b class="b3">ὁλ-όστεον</b> n. <b class="b2">Plantago Bellardi</b>, prop. subst. bahuvrihi "consisting only of bones", from its healing power; cf. <b class="b3">ὀστεο-κόλλος</b> f. and Strömberg Pflanzenn. 88 f. a. 32.<br />Derivatives: Diminut.: <b class="b3">ὀστ-άριον</b> n. (medic.), <b class="b3">-αρίδιον</b> n. (Pall.); adj. <b class="b3">-έϊνος</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-ινος</b> (Ar. Ach. 863 [Boeot.], Arist.), <b class="b3">-όϊνος</b> (Aq.) <b class="b2">made of bone</b>, <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> (X., Arist.), <b class="b3">-εώδης</b> (Plu.) [[bony]]; <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> m. [[belonging to the bones]] (Ruf.; Redard 101).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [783] <b class="b2">*h₃estH-</b> [[bone]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[bone]], in several languages in varying form retained. An orig. consonantstam, seen in Av. <b class="b2">ast-</b> (e.g. gen. <b class="b2">ast-ō</b>, acc. <b class="b2">as-ča</b> < <b class="b2">*ast-ča</b>) and in Lat. [[os]] ( = [[oss]], from <b class="b2">*ost</b>), gen. <b class="b2">oss-is</b> , was in other languages in diff. ways transformed, e.g. in Skt. nom. acc. <b class="b2">ásth-i</b>, gen. <b class="b2">asth-n-ás</b> with [[i]] : <b class="b2">n-</b>interchange, in Hitt. <b class="b2">ḫašt-ai</b>, gen. <b class="b2">ḫaštii̯-as</b> with ablaut [[ai]] : [[i]]. Greek <b class="b3">ὀστ-έον</b> remainds of Skt. <b class="b2">hŕ̥d-ayam</b> [[heart]] beside <b class="b2">hā́rd-i</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (s. <b class="b3">καρδία</b>) and so goes back on <b class="b3">-ειον</b>; Sommer Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 426f.); cf. further Venet. [[ostiiakon]] [[ossuarium]]. -- Further forms from several languages w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 185 f., Pok. 783, W.-Hofmann s. [[os]]; also v. Windekens ZDMG 110,314ff. (on Toch. B [[āst]]) and Hamp Word 9, 138ff.; on <b class="b3">ὀστέον</b> esp. Schwyzer 518 a. 298. The meaning <b class="b2">kernel (stone) of a fruit</b> as a parallel innovation also in Skt. <b class="b2">ásthi</b>; cf. Mayrhofer s.v. -- Not to [[ὄστρακον]], [[ἀστράγαλος]], [[ἀστακός]], [[ὀστρύα]], <b class="b3">ὀσφύς</b>.