ὄχλος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[crowd]], [[throng]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.85</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>42</span> (anap.), etc.; ἐσὄχλον ἕρπειν παρθένοισιν οὐ καλόν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>108</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Heracl.</span>44</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ ὄ. τῶν στρατιωτῶν</b> the [[mass]] of the soldiers, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.6.64</span>, <span class="bibl">7.62</span>; μηδένα ὄ. Πελοποννησίων νεῶν <span class="bibl">Id.2.88</span>; <b class="b3">ὄχλῳ</b> in [[numbers]] (for an army), <span class="bibl">Id.1.80</span>; ὁ μισθοφόρος ὄ. <span class="bibl">Id.3.109</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">4.56</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ τοιοῦτοι ὄ</b>. <b class="b2">undisciplined masses</b> like these, ib.<span class="bibl">126</span>; ὄ. μᾶλλον ἢ στρατός <span class="bibl">Hdn.6.7.1</span>; of <b class="b2">the camp-followers</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.26</span>, <span class="bibl">4.3.26</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in political sense, [[populace]], [[mob]], opp. <b class="b3">δῆμος</b> ([[people]]), <span class="bibl">Th.7.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>304d</span>; πρὸς ὄχλον ζῶν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ax.</span>368d</span>; οἱ ὁμότιμοι ὤκνουν τὴν τοῦ ὄ. ἰσομοιρίαν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.2.21</span>; <b class="b3">δικαστηρίων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὄ</b>. and <b class="b2">popular assemblies</b> (in a contemptuous sense), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>455a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthd.</span>290a</span>: prov., <b class="b3">δι' ὄχλου ἤδη τοῦτό γε</b> this is already [[in the mouths of the people]], <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Lys.</span>10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span>2.13.1</span>, <span class="bibl">4.9.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> generally, [[mass]], [[multitude]], ὄ. τὸν πλεῖστον λόγων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 827</span>; τὸν πλεῖστον ὄ. τῶν πραχθέντων <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.192</span>; <b class="b3">ἵππων ὄ</b>. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>191</span> (lyr.); ἄκριτος ἄστρων ὄ. <span class="bibl">Critias 19.5</span> D.; σαρκῶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>75e</span>: in pl., <b class="b2">the masses</b>, καχεξία τις ὑποδέδυκε τοὺς ὄχλους <span class="bibl">Diph.24.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Men.161.1</span>, <span class="bibl">466.4</span>; πιθανώτεροι οἱ ἀπαίδευτοι ἐν τοῖς ὄ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1395b28</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[annoyance]], [[trouble]], σχολὴν ὄ. τε μέτριον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>635</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὄχλον παρέχειν</b> to give [[trouble]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.86</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>337</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.2.27</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span> 84d</span>; <b class="b3">δι' ὄχλου εἶναι, γενέσθαι</b>, to be or become [[troublesome]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>888</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.73</span>, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.103a; μάταιον ὄ. τοὺς λόγους νομίσητε <span class="bibl">D.18.214</span>; οἱ δὲ ἀντιλέγοντες ὄ. ἄλλως καὶ βασκανία κατεφαίνετο <span class="bibl">Id.19.24</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0431.png Seite 431]] ὁ, ein [[Hause]] Menschen, bes. eine verworrene, dicht zusammengedrängte Masse; πλήθοντος ὄχλου, Pind. P. 4, 85; [[δυσμενέων]] δ' ὄχλον [[πύργος]] ἀποστέγει, Aesch. Sept. 216; Pers. 53 u. öfter; auch übertr., ὄχλον μὲν οὖν τὸν πλεῖστον ἐκλείψω λόγων, Prom. 829; [[πολύς]] σου ταῦτά γ' εἰσήκουσ' [[ὄχλος]], Soph. Trach. 423; [[ὄχλος]] πᾶς Αχαϊκοῦ στρατοῦ, Eur. Hec. 521, öfter; γυναικῶν, Phoen. 204, wie [[θηλυγενής]] Bacch. 117; auch ἵππων, I. A. 191; die<b class="b2"> Menge</b>, bes. das Volk, der <b class="b2">große Hause</b>, λαῶν, ἀνθρώπων, Ar. Ran. 219 Eccl. 383; ὥςπερ θυρωρὸς ὑπ' ὄχλου τινὸς ὠθούμενος καὶ βιαζόμενος, Plat. Phil. 62 c; ὅτι μέλλει χαριεῖσθαι τῷ ὄχλῳ τῶν θεατῶν, Gorg. 502 a; οὐκοῦν πρὸς πολὺν ὄχλον καὶ δῆμον οὗτοι λέγονται οἱ λόγοι, 502 c, öfter; bei Xen. An. 2, 5, 9 steht die [[ἐρημία]] entgegen; ἐν τοῖς ὄχλοις [[μᾶλλον]] ἢ ἐν ταῖς ἰδίαις ὁμιλίαις, in Volksversammlungen, Mem. 3, 7, 5. Sprichwörtlich δι' ὄχλου [[ἤδη]] τοῦτό γε, das ist schon unter dem großen Haufen, dem Pöbel bekannt; Hdn. 6, 7, 2 [[ὄχλος]] [[μᾶλλον]] ἢ [[στρατός]], ein ungeordneter Hause, u. so öfter im Ggstze zum geregelten Heere; vgl. Thuc. 4, 126; ὁ [[ὄχλος]] τῶν στρατιωτῶν, die gemeinen Soldaten im Ggstze zu den Anführern, Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 25; bes. der Troß, der dem Heere folgte, An. 3, 4, 26. 4, 3, 26, u. Sp., auch im plur., D. Hal. 11, 71. – Auch von Sachen, πραγμά των, Sp., παραδειγμάτων, Plut. de aud. poet. 9; vgl. Valcken. Eur. Phoen. 204. – Dah. [[Lärm]], Unruhe, die eine große, ungeordnete Menschenmenge macht, u. übh. Beunruhigung, [[Belästigung]], ὄχλον παρέχειν τινί, Eur. Or. 282 u. öfter, wie Her. 1, 86; Plat. Phaed. 84 d Rep. V, 450 b; Isocr. 12, 211; Xen. An. 3, 2, 27 u. Folgde oft; auch δι' ὄχλου εἶναί τινι, Einem beschwerlich fallen, Ar. Eccl. 888; vgl. Thuc. 1, 73. – Bei den Kretern lautete das Wort [[πόλχος]], äol. ὄλχος, davon das lat. volgus.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: 1. <b class="b2">(orderless, moved) crowd, (common) multitude, great mass, throng</b>, pl. [[crowd]], [[people]]; 2. [[disturbance]], [[perturbation]], [[annoyance]] (Pi., IA.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὀχλο-κρατία</b> f. <b class="b2">mob-rule</b> (Plb., Plu., s. lit. on <b class="b3">δημοκρατία</b>), <b class="b3">ἄ-οχλος</b> <b class="b2">without disturbances, not disturbing</b> (Hp.).<br />Derivatives: Adj. 1. <b class="b3">ὀχλ-ηρός</b> [[bothersome]], [[annoying]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">-ηρία</b> f. (LXX); 2. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a great multitude, mobbish</b> (hell.); 3. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[annoying]] (IA.), [[popular]], [[common]] (Plu.). Subst. 4. <b class="b3">ὀχλεύς μοχλός</b>, <b class="b3">στρόφιγξ</b>, <b class="b3">δεσμός</b> ... H.; <b class="b3">ἐποχλεύς</b> m. [[sprag on a cart]] (Ath.), prob. for <b class="b3">*ἐποχεύς</b>; <b class="b3">ἐποχλίζομαι</b> <b class="b2">to be bolted</b> (Apollon. Lex.). -- Denominative verbs 5. <b class="b3">ὀχλέω</b> <b class="b2">to put in (rolling) motion , to roll away</b> (Φ 261; <b class="b3">ἀν-οχλέω</b> = <b class="b3">ἀν-οχλίζω</b> S. E.), <b class="b2">to disturb, to perturb, to bother</b> (Ion., hell.; w. prefix, esp. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, also Att.); from it <b class="b3">ὄχλ-ησις</b> (<b class="b3">ἐν-</b> ὄχλος) f. [[bothering]], [[interference]], [[perturbation]] (Democr., hell.), (<b class="b3">ἐν-)ὄχλ-ημα</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Epicur., medic.), <b class="b3">ὀχλητι-κός</b> = <b class="b3">ὀχλικός</b> (Procl.); 6. <b class="b3">ὀχλεύονται</b> = <b class="b3">ὀχλεῦνται κυλινδοῦνται</b> H.; 7. <b class="b3">ὀχλ-ίζω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">μετ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀν-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to pull up, out of place</b> (Il.); 8. <b class="b3">ὀχλ-άζω</b> <b class="b2">to be disturbed, confused</b> (LXX).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1118] <b class="b2">*u̯eǵh-</b> [[move]], [[drive]], [[ride]]<br />Etymology: The orig. meaning of the verbal nouns <b class="b3">ὄχλος</b>, which was concretized as [[heap]], [[crowd]], cannot be established with more certainty; in the sense of <b class="b2">perturbation etc.</b> it may have been influenced by <b class="b3">ὀχλέω</b> (cf. Bosshardt 78). If one starts from <b class="b3">*Ϝόχ-(σ)λο-ς</b> (on the possible loss of a <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b> in Hom. s. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 125), <b class="b3">ὄχλος</b> agrees well with the well-known verb for [[drive]], [[carry]], [[bring]], [[move]] in <b class="b3">Ϝέχω</b> (s. 2. <b class="b3">ἔχω</b>), <b class="b3">ὀχέομαι</b>, Lat. [[vehō]] etc., IE <b class="b2">*u̯oǵh-(s)lo-</b>; cf. the interpretations of Sealey Glotta 37, 281 ff. The broad sphere of meaning gives several possibiliies: *'driving, carrying, moving', resp. as nom. agentis or instr. *'driver, carryer, mover'. -- Formally identical is OWNo. [[vagl]] m. [[tiebeam]], [[roost]] (prop. *'bearing-bar, carrier'). To the denominative <b class="b3">ὀχλ-ίζω</b> [[raise]], <b class="b3">ὀχλ-έω</b> <b class="b2">roll away</b> and to <b class="b3">ὀχλ-εύς</b> <b class="b2">lever etc.</b> agree semantically the primary nouns Lat. <b class="b2">vec-tis</b> and OWNo. <b class="b2">vǫg</b> (IE <b class="b2">*u̯oǵhā</b>) [[lever]]. From *`move, movement' one gets both to [[moved mass]], [[mob]] and to [[spiritual movement]], [[unrest]]; the same holds for the denominative <b class="b3">ὀχλέω</b> (cf. [[turba]], <b class="b2">-āre</b>). -- Uncertain supposition on cross with <b class="b3">μοχλός</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b> in Güntert Reimwortbildungen 161 f. Older hypothesis in Bq (rejected). Wrong Belardi Doxa 3, 217. -- Further lit. s. [[ὄχος]].