ὄμνυμι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.166</span>, etc. ; imper. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ὄμνῠθι <span class="bibl">Il.23.585</span>, ὄμνῡ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1185</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>746</span>, cf. Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.86</span>. <b class="b3">γ</b> ; 3sg. ὀμνύτω <span class="title">IG</span>12.134.5 ; 3pl. <b class="b3">ὀμνύντων</b>. Foed. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.5.47</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.87.24 : impf. ὤμνυν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>520</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ec.</span> 823</span>, <span class="bibl">D.17.10</span>, etc. : also (from pres. ὀμνύω) 3sg. imper. ὀμνῠέτω <span class="bibl">Il. 19.175</span> ; part. ὀμνύουσα <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Ath.</span>2</span> : impf. ὤμνῠον <span class="bibl">Il.14.278</span>, Foed. ap.<span class="bibl">Th.5.19</span>,<span class="bibl">24</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.236.14, etc. (for pres. ind. the Trag. and Ar. use only <b class="b3">ὄμνυμι</b>, Hdt. and Att. Prose writers also <b class="b3">ὀμνύω</b>, which also occurs in Com., <span class="bibl">Pherecr.143.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Amphis 42</span>, <span class="bibl">Diph.101</span>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.241.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Alex.160</span> ; in <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.153</span> <b class="b3">ὀμνύντες</b> is restored for the dub. form <b class="b3">ὀμοῦντες</b>) : fut. <b class="b3">ὀμοῦμαι, εῖ, εῖται,</b> <span class="bibl">Il.1.233</span>,<span class="bibl">9.274</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>194</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 246</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lys.</span>193</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>1.3.11</span>, etc. ; Dor. 1pl. ὀμιώμεθα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>183</span> ; later fut. ὀμόσω <span class="title">AP</span>12.201 (Strat.), <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cic.</span>23</span>, etc. : aor. ὤμοσα <span class="bibl">Od. 4.253</span>, etc. ; Ep. ὤμοσσα <span class="bibl">Il.20.313</span> ; Ep. also without augm. <b class="b3">ὄμοσα, -οσσα</b>, <span class="bibl">19.113</span>,<span class="bibl">10.328</span> : pf. ὀμώμοκα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>612</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1471</span>, etc. : plpf. ὠμωμόκειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.1.35</span>, <span class="bibl">D.9.16</span>, <span class="bibl">19.318</span> :—Med., <span class="bibl">Paus.10.26.3</span>, aor. part. ὀμοσάμενος <span class="title">SIG</span>531.28 (Dyme, iii B. C.), <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).357.11 (Stymphalus), also in compds. <b class="b3">ἀντ-, ἀπ-, δι-, ὑπ-</b> :—Pass., fut. ὀμοσθήσομαι <span class="bibl">And.3.34</span> : aor. ὠμόσθην <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.4.10</span>, (ὑπ-) <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Fr.</span>202</span> ; but ὠμόθην <span class="bibl">Is.2.40</span>, (ὑπ-) <span class="bibl">D.48.25</span> : pf. 3sg. ὀμώμοται <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1284</span>, ὀμώμοσται <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>816</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1377a11</span> ; 3pl. <b class="b3">ὀμώμονται</b> Lexap.<span class="bibl">And. 1.98</span> ; part. ὀμωμοσμένος <span class="bibl">D.7.10</span>, <span class="bibl">22.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1377b7</span> (<b class="b3">ὠμοσμένος</b> v. l. in <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">Pun.</span>83</span>, etc.) :—[[swear]], c. acc. cogn., ὀμνυέτω δέ τοι ὅρκον <span class="bibl">Il.19.175</span>, al. ; ὅτις κ' ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσῃ <span class="bibl">3.279</span> ; ἑκὼν ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσας <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>282</span> : c. dat. pers., νῦν μοι ὄμοσσον . . ὅρκον <span class="bibl">Il.19.108</span>, al. ; πρός τινα <span class="bibl">Od.14.331</span>, <span class="bibl">19.288</span> :—Pass., ὀμώμοται γὰρ ὅοκος ἐκ θεῶν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 1284</span> ; ὅρκων ὀμωμος μένων <span class="bibl">D.7.10</span> ; εἰ ὀμώμοσται οὗτος [ὁ ὅρκος] <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1377a11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">b7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">swear to</b> a thing, [[affirm]] or <b class="b2">confirm by oath</b>, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> folld. by acc., ταῦτα δ' ἐγὼν ἐθέλω ὀμόσαι <span class="bibl">Il.19.187</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1145</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>1.11</span> ; <b class="b3">ὄ. τὰς σπονδάς</b> Foed. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.5.47</span> ; τὴν εἰρήνην <span class="bibl">D.18.32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.16</span> ; θεῶν πίστεις τινί <span class="bibl">Th.5.30</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> folld. by fut. inf., <b class="b2">swear that one will . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.21.373</span>, etc., cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>623</span>,<span class="bibl">941</span> (pres. inf., <span class="bibl">D.21.188</span> codd.) : freq. with <b class="b3">ἦ μέν</b>, Att. <b class="b3">ἦ μήν</b>, preceding the inf., καί μοι ὄμοσσον ἦ μέν μοι . . ἀρήξειν <span class="bibl">Il.1.76</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">10.321</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.31.1</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span> 5.3.26</span>, etc. : also by aor. inf. and <b class="b3">ἄν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.40</span> : by pres. inf., <b class="b2">swear that one does . .</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>357</span> : by pf. inf., <b class="b2">swear that one has . .</b>, <span class="bibl">D.21.119</span> ; ὤμνυς μὴ γεγονέναι <span class="bibl">Magn.6</span> : by aor. inf., <b class="b2">swear that one did . .</b>, ὀμνύουσι μὴ 'κπιεῖν ἀλλ' ἢ μίαν <span class="bibl">Pherecr.143.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.179</span> (aor. inf. is perh. used, without <b class="b3">ἄν</b>, in fut. sense, <span class="bibl">D.23.170</span> (s. v. l.)) : sts. a clause follows in the ind., ὀμνύω... ἦ μὴν ἐγὼ ἐθυόμην <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 6.1.31</span> ; ὄμνυμί σοι... οὐκ ἤθελον . . Theoc.<span class="title">Adon.</span>22. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> abs., <b class="b3">εἶπον ὀμόσας ἄν</b> I would have [[given my word of honour]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 215d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> with acc. of the person or thing sworn by, <b class="b2">swear by</b>, νῦν μοι ὄμοσσον ἀάατον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ <span class="bibl">Il.14.271</span> ; γαιήοχον ἐννοσίγαιον ὄμνυθι <span class="bibl">23.585</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.40</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.7</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>529</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1185</span>, etc. ; ὀμωμοκὼς τοὺς θεούς <span class="bibl">D.18.217</span> ; <b class="b3">ὄμνυμι θεοὺς καὶ θεάς</b> folld. by inf., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.6.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.1.31</span> : rarely c. dat., <b class="b3">τῷ γὰρ ὄμνυτ'</b>; <b class="b3">ἢ σιδαρέοισι</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>248</span> : in Prose also with Preps., <b class="b3">ὀ. καθ' ἱερῶν τελείων</b> Lex ap.<span class="bibl">And.1.97</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.47</span> ; κατ' ἐξωλείας <span class="bibl">D.21.119</span> ; κατὰ τῆς Πολιάδος <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Symp.</span>32</span> ; εἰς τὸν Οὐιτέλλιον <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Oth.</span>18</span> ; ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν <span class="bibl">Plb.38.20.5</span> ; ἐν Κυρίῳ <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Jd.</span>21.7</span> ; ἐν τῷ ναῷ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>23.16</span> :—Pass., <b class="b3">ὀμώμοσται Ζεύς</b> Zeus <b class="b2">has been sworn by, adjured</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>816</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 1241</span>.</span>

|etymtx=-μαι<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to swear, to affirm with an oath, to take a vow</b>(Il.);<br />Other forms: also <b class="b3">-ύω</b>, <b class="b3">-ύομαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">ὀμό-σ(σ)αι</b>, <b class="b3">-σ(σ)ασθαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">ὀμοῦμαι</b> (Il.), perf. <b class="b3">ὀμώμο-κα</b>, -(<b class="b3">σ)μαι</b>, aor. pass. <b class="b3">ὀμο(σ)θῆναι</b> (Att.).<br />Compounds: Very often with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπ-</b>.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἀνώμοτος</b> [[not put under oath]] and [[not confirmed by oath]] with adv. <b class="b3">-τί</b>, further <b class="b3">συνωμό-της</b> m. <b class="b2">comrade in oath</b> with <b class="b3">-σία</b> a.o. (IA.); <b class="b3">ὁρκωμό-της</b>, s. [[ὅρκος]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [778] <b class="b2">*h₃emh₃-</b> [[insist]], [[urge]]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">ὀμό-σαι</b> agrees in formation <b class="b3">ἀρό-σαι</b> [[plough]]; thus the disyllabic <b class="b3">ὀλέ-σαι στορέ-σαι</b> a.o. with different vowel; on <b class="b3">ὀμο-</b> rests the future <b class="b3">ὀμό[σ]-ομαι</b>, to which analogically <b class="b3">ὀμεῖται</b> was created for <b class="b3">*ὀμοῦται</b> (Schwyzer 784 n. 3; diff. Sánchez Ruipérez Emer. 18, 406 f.; see also Wackernagel Unt. 3f. and Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 62 a. 451). The present <b class="b3">ὄμνυμι</b> like <b class="b3">ὄλλυμι</b> etc. (Schwyzer 363); the perfect is clearly innovated. The further history of the word remains unclear, as there is no convincing etymology. -- Since Aufrecht RhM 40, 160 one connects generally <b class="b3">ὄμνυμι</b>, <b class="b3">ὀμόσαι</b> with the Skt. disyllabic athem. root-present <b class="b2">ámī-ti</b> about [[press]], [[urge]] (after Neisser BB 30, 299ff., Renou JournAs. 1939, 183 f., Benveniste Revue de l'hist. des relig. 134, 81 ff. a.o. however <b class="b2">seize with force</b>), beside which sometimes <b class="b2">assure urgently</b> (also [[swear]]?) v. t. This interpretation is now generally accepted. S. Hiersche REGr. 71, 35 ff. and Hoffman, KZ 83(1969)193f. Cf. [[ὀμοίϊος]], [[ὀμοκλή]]; s. also on [[ὅρκος]].