ἄρχω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ep. inf. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἀρχέμεναι <span class="bibl">Il.20.154</span>: impf. <b class="b3">ἦρχον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">2.378</span>, etc.; Dor. ἆρχον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).51</span>: fut. ἄρξω <span class="bibl">Od.4.667</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>940</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.144</span>: aor. <b class="b3">ἦρξα</b>, Ep. ἄρξα <span class="bibl">Od.14.230</span>, etc.: pf. ἦρχα <span class="title">CIG</span>3487.14 (Thyatira), Decr. ap. Plu.2.851f:—Med., <span class="bibl">Od.8.90</span>, etc.; non-thematic part. ἄρχμενος <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Aet.</span>3.1.56</span>, al.: impf., <span class="bibl">Il.9.93</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.28</span>: fut. <b class="b3">ἄρξομαι</b> (in med. sense, v. infr.) <span class="bibl">Il.9.97</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>442</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.2</span>; Dor. ἀρξεῦμαι <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.95</span>: aor. ἠρξάμην <span class="bibl">Od.23.310</span>, etc.:—Pass., pf. <b class="b3">ἦργμαι</b> only in med. sense, v. infr. <span class="bibl">1.2</span>: aor. ἤρχθην, ἀρχθῆναι <span class="bibl">Th.6.18</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1277b13</span>, v. infr.<span class="bibl">11.4</span>:—<b class="b2">to be first</b>, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> in Time, <b class="b2">begin, make a beginning</b>, Act. and Med. (in Hom. the Act. is more freq., in Att. Prose the Med., esp. where personal action is emphasized), πολέμου ἄρχειν [[to be the aggressor]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.53</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἄρχεσθαι</b> <b class="b2">to begin one's</b> operations, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.3.6</span>; <b class="b3">ἄρχειν τοῦ λόγου</b> [[to open]] a conversation, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>1.6.6</span>; <b class="b3">ἄρχεσθαι τοῦ λόγου</b> <b class="b2">to begin one's</b> speech, ib.<span class="bibl">3.2.7</span>. Constr.: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> mostly c. gen., [[make a beginning of]], ἄρχειν πολέμοιο <span class="bibl">Il.4.335</span>; μύθων <span class="bibl">Od.3.68</span>; τῶν ἀδικημάτων πρῶτον τοῦτο ἄρξαι <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.2</span>; ἦρξεν ἐμβολῆς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>409</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ κακοῦ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">353</span>; <b class="b3">ἄρχειν χειρῶν ἀδίκων, ἄρχειν τῆς πληγῆς</b>, <b class="b2">strike the first</b> blow, <span class="bibl">Antipho 4.2.1</span> and 2:— in Med. in religious sense, = [[ἀπάρχεσθαι]], ἀρχόμενος μελέων [[beginning with]] the limbs, <span class="bibl">Od.14.428</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>651</span>; but Act., σπονδαῖσιν ἄρξαι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>6(5).37</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., [[begin from]] or [[with]]... ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω σέο δ' ἄρξομαι <span class="bibl">Il.9.97</span>; ἄρχεσθαι Διός <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.25</span>; <b class="b3">πόθεν ἄρξωμαι</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span> 855</span>; πόθεν ποτὲ ἦρκται <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">VM</span>5</span>; <b class="b3">ἄρχεσθαι, ἦρχθαι ἔκ τινος</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.23.199</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>11</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπό τινος</b> freq. in Prose, <b class="b3">ἀρξάμενοι αὐτίκα ἀπὸ παιδίων</b> [[even]] from boyhood, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.12</span>; but more commonly <b class="b3">ἐκ παίδων, ἐκ παιδός</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>408d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Thg.</span>128d</span>:—<b class="b3">ἀπό</b> in non-temporal relations, <b class="b3">ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ σοῦ</b>. i.e. [[including]] yourself, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>471c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.18.297</span>; ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.5.15</span>; μέχρι τῶν δώδεκα ἀπὸ μιᾶς ἀρξάμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>771c</span>; <b class="b3">ἀφ' ἱερῶν ἠργμένη ἀρχή</b> ib.<span class="bibl">771a</span>; ἀφ' Ἑστίας ἀρχόμενος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>846</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> c. gen. rei et dat. pers., <b class="b3">ἄρχε θεοῖς δαιτός</b> [[begin]] a banquet to the gods, <span class="bibl">Il.15.95</span>; τοῖς ἄρα μύθων ἦρχε <span class="bibl">2.433</span>, etc.; τῇσι δὲ . . ἄρχετο μολπῆς <span class="bibl">Od.6.101</span>; ἦρξε τῇ πόλει ἀνομίας τὸ νόσημα <span class="bibl">Th.2.53</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12</span>; τὴν ἡμέραν ἄρχειν ἐλευθερίας τῇ Ἑλλάδι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.2.23</span>; ἡμὶν οὐ σμικρῶν κακῶν ἦρξεν τὸ δῶρον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>871</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> c. acc., <b class="b3">ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι</b>, [[show]] him the way, <span class="bibl">Od.8.107</span> (but also <b class="b3">ἄρχειν ὁδοῖο</b> [[lead]] the way, <span class="bibl">5.237</span>): abs. (sc. <b class="b3">ὁδόν</b>), ἄρχε δ' Ἀθήνη <span class="bibl">3.12</span>; σὺ μὲν ἄρχε <span class="bibl">Il.9.69</span>; ἦ ῥα καὶ ἄρχε λέχοσδε κιών <span class="bibl">3.447</span>; ἦρχε δ' ἄρα σφιν Ἄρης <span class="bibl">5.592</span>, cf. infr. <span class="bibl">11.2</span>: with other accusatives, ἄρχειν ὕμνον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.10</span>; ἅπερ ἦρξεν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1529</span> (lyr.); λυπηρόν τι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>552</span>; ὕβριν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>368</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> of actions, σέο δ' ἕξεται ὅττι κεν ἄρχῃ <span class="bibl">Il.9.102</span>: freq. c. inf., <b class="b3">τοῖσιν δ' ἦρχ' ἀγορεύειν</b> among them, <span class="bibl">Il.1.571</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἦρχε νέεσθαι, ἦρχ' ἴμεν</b>, <span class="bibl">2.84</span>, <span class="bibl">13.329</span>; ἄρχετε νῦν νέκυας φορέειν <span class="bibl">Od.22.437</span>, etc.; ὑφαίνειν ἤρχετο μῆτιν <span class="bibl">Il.7.324</span>; ἤρξαντο οἰκοδομεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.1.107</span>; ἡ νόσος ἤρξατο γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.2.47</span>: c. part., of continued action or condition, ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων <span class="bibl">Il.2.378</span>; ἢν ἄρξῃ ἀδικέων <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.119</span>; ἡ ψυχὴ ἄρχεται ἀπολείπουσα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.26</span>; πόθεν ἂν ὀρθῶς ἀρξαίμεθα ἐπαινοῦντες; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>237a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>187a</span> (but ἄ. ἐπαινεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>241e</span>); ἄρξομαι διδάσκων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.8.2</span> (but ἤρξω μανθάνειν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.5.22</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> abs., ἄρχε <b class="b2">take the lead!</b> <span class="bibl">Il.9.69</span>: generally, [[begin]], <b class="b3">ἄρχειν [τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν] τήνδε τὴν ἡμέραν</b> Indut. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.4.118</span>, cf. Lex ap.<span class="bibl">D.24.42</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ἄρχον</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὸ ἑπόμενον</b>, <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>234</span>: part. ἀρχόμενος [[at first]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>9.3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyn.</span>3.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.54</span>; <b class="b2">at the beginning</b>, ἀρχομένου δὲ πίθου καὶ λήγοντος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>368</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>192.4</span>; ἀρχομένοισιν ἢ καταπαυομένοισι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span> 1246</span>; ἄρχεται ὁ πόλεμος ἐνθένδε <span class="bibl">Th.2.1</span>; <b class="b3">ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένῳ</b> ibid.; <b class="b3">θέρους εὐθὺς ἀρχομένου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">47</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> Gramm., of a word, ἄ. ἀπὸ φωνήεντος <span class="bibl">D.T.633.27</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἄρχουσα</b> (sc. <b class="b3">συλλαβή</b>) <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>130.13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in point of Place or Station, [[rule]], [[govern]], [[command]], </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> mostly c. gen., <b class="b2">rule, be leader of</b>... Βοιωτῶν <span class="bibl">Il.2.494</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.1</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> less freq. c. dat., ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα <span class="bibl">Od.14.230</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">471</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.805</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.4</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>940</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>666</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span>337</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>7.2830 (Hyettus), etc.; also <b class="b3">ἐν δ' ἄρα τοῖσιν ἦρχ'</b> [[held command]] among them, <span class="bibl">Il.13.690</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>238a</span>: c. inf. added, <b class="b3">ἄρχε Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάχεσθαι</b> [[led]] them [[on]] to fight, <span class="bibl">Il.16.65</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> abs., [[rule]], ὅσον τό τ' ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>927</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pers.</span>774</span>; esp. <b class="b2">hold a magistracy</b>, ὁκοῖόν τε εἴη ἄρχειν μετὰ τὸ βασιλεύειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.67</span>; at Athens, etc., <b class="b2">to be archon</b>, <span class="bibl">D.21.178</span>; <b class="b3">ἀρχάς, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.80</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.54</span>; <b class="b3">ἄρχειν τὴν ἐπώνυμον</b> (with or without <b class="b3">ἀρχήν</b>) <span class="title">IG</span>3.659, 693, <span class="title">SIG</span>872.7. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> Pass., with fut. ἄρξομαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.159</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.45</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>589</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.28.7</span>; but ἀρχθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1259b40</span>, <span class="bibl">D.C.65.10</span>:—<b class="b2">to be ruled, governed</b>, etc., ὑπό τινος <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.127</span>; ἔκ τινος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>264</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>63</span>; ὑπό τινι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.91</span>, <span class="bibl">103</span>; σφόδρα ὑπό τινος <span class="bibl">Lys.12.92</span>; ἄρχε πρῶτον μαθὼν ἄρχεσθαι Sol. ap.<span class="bibl">D.L.1.60</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>326d</span>; δύνασθαι καὶ ἄρχεσθαι καὶ ἄρχειν <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Pol.</span>1277b14</span>; οἱ ἀρχόμενοι [[subjects]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2</span> <span class="bibl">6.19</span>, etc.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0366.png Seite 366]] 1) der [[Erste sein]], [[anfangen]], insofern man der Erste ist, der etwas thut, in Beziehung auf Andere, die es nachher thun; a) absolut; πρὸς Ὄλυμπον [[ἴσαν]] θεοὶ πάντες ἅμα, Ζεὺς δ' ἦρχε, ging voran, war an der Spitze, Iliad. 1, 495; vgl. 3. 420. 9, 657. 11, 472; νῦν δ' ἄρχ', ὅππῃ σε [[κραδίη]] [[θυμός]] τε κελεύει 13, 784; ὅπῃ ἄρξειεν [[Ἀχιλλεύς]] Od. 3, 106; οἱ δ' ᾤμωξαν ἀολλέες, ἦρχε δ' [[Ἀχιλλεύς]] Iliad. 23, 12; ἀρχέτω· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ [[μάλα]] [[πείσομαι]] ᾑ περ ἂν [[οὗτος]] 7, 286; σὺ μὲν ἄρχε 9, 69; τίη δὴ νῶι διέσταμεν; οὐδὲ ἔοικεν ἀρξάντων ἑτέρων 21, 437; Plat. Rep. X, 619 b dem τελευτῶν entgegengesetzt. – b) c. gen.; ἄρχε μάχης ἠδὲ πτολέμοιο Iliad. 7, 232; ἄρξειαν πολέμοιο 4, 335; ἦρχον ἐγὼ μύθοιο 11, 781; [[πρῶτος]] Πηνέλεως ἦρχε φόβοιο 17, 597; von dgl. Fällen ist vielleicht zu unterscheiden ἦρχε δ' ὁδοῖο νήσου ἐπ' ἐσχατιῆς Od. 5, 237; λόγου, der Erste sein im Reden, d. i. anfangen zu reden, Eur. Phoen. 450; Xen. An. 1, 6, 5; vgl. Cyr. 6, 1, 6 ἐπεὶ πρεσβύτερός εἰμι, die Jüngern sprechen hernach; τῆς ἀδικίης Her. 3. 130; κακῶν ἦρξε τὸ [[δῶρον]] war das Erste, die Ursach, Soph. Tr. 869; τοῖς Ἕλλησι μεγάλων κακῶν ἄρξει Thuc. 2, 12; μεταβολῆς ἁπάσης ἄρχει Plat. Legg. X, 892 a; γενέσεώς τινι D. Hal. 1, 10; ähnl. τὸ [[γένος]] ἄρχει ἀπό τινος, abstammen, ibid.; χειρῶν, Thätlichkeiten anfangen, Plat. Legg. IX, 869 c; so auch ohne χειρῶν, IX, 880 a. Doch auch wie ἄρχεσθαι, von etwas anheben, Eur. Tr. 969. – c) seltner c. acc.; ὁδόν, den Weg vorangehen, τινί, Od. 8, 107; [[ἅπερ]] ἦρχεν, was er zuerst that, Aesch. Ag. 1511; λυπηρόν τι Soph. El. 542; ὕμνον Pind. N. 3, 10; aber σπονδαῖς ἄρχειν, libatione auspicari, Pind. I. 5, 37. – d) c. inf.; [[Μηριόνης]] ἦρχ' [[ἴμεν]] Iliad. 13, 329; [[βουλῆς]] ἐξ ἦρχε νέεσθαι 2, 84; ἄρχετε νέκυας φορέειν Od. 22, 437; ὥς κε Τρῶες Ἀχαιοὺς ἄρξωσι πρότεροι ὑπὲρ ὅρκια δηλήσασθαι Iliad. 4, 67; ἄρξει καὶ [[προτέρω]] κακὸν ἔμμεναι Od. 4, 667; λέγειν Eur. Med. 475. – e) c. part.; ἦρχε [[λέχοσδε]] κιών Iliad. 3, 447; ἐγὼ δ' ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων 2, 378; ἀδικῶν Her. 4, 119. – f) c. dat., oft bei Hom.: neben dem gen., τοῖσι μύθων ἦρχε [[Ἀθήνη]] Od. 13, 374, vgl. Iliad. 2, 433; τῇσιν Ἀνδρομάχη ἦρχε γόοιο Iliad. 24, 723; ἄρχε θεοῖσι [[δαιτός]] 15, 95; neben dem inf., τοῖσιν [[Ἥφαιστος]] ἦρχ' ἀγορεύειν Iliad. 1, 571, vgl. Od. 2, 15. 16, 845. Diese Dative sind wohl in der Bed. eines genit. partitiv. zu nehmen, wie Homer ja überhaupt sehr oft den dat. in dem Sinne gebraucht, für welchen die Prosa den genit. gebrauchen würde, vgl. Friedlaend. Aristonic. p. 22; also τοῖσιν [[Ἥφαιστος]] ἦρχ' ἀγορεύειν = der erste unter ihnen, welcher redete, war Hephästos. Hiervon ist wohl zu unterscheiden der dat. Od. 24, 9 ἦρχε δ' ἄρα [[σφιν]] Ἑρμείας κατ' εὐρώεντα κέλευθα, er führte sie; welche Stelle Licht erhält durch die wegen ihres accus. schon unter c) erwähnte Stelle Od. 8, 107 ἦρχε δὲ τῷ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἥν περ οἱ ἄλλοι; in diesen beiden Stellen ist also an den Sinn des genit. partit. nicht zu denken, sondern an den des genit. object. – 2) Häufiger ist in Prosa das med., den <b class="b2">Anfang womit machen</b>, im Ggstz dessen, was man später thut; doch wird dieser Unterschied vom act. nicht immer beobachtet; bei Hom. steht entschieden mehrmals das med. genau in demselben Sinne wie das act.: τοῖς ὁ [[γέρων]] [[πάμπρωτος]] ὑφαίνειν ἤρχετο μῆτιν Iliad. 7, 324. 9, 93; τοῖσι Τηλέμαχος ἤρχετο μύθων Od. 1, 367; τῇσι Ναυσικάα ἤρχετο μολπῆς 6, 101. In anderen Stellen läßt sich ein Unterschied zw. med. u. act. annehmen: ὅτ' ἂψ ἄρχοιτο Od. 8, 90; ἤρξατο δ' ὡς πρῶτον Κίκονας δάμασε 23, 310; ἐν σοὶ μὲν λήξω, σέο δ' ἄρξομαι Iliad. 9, 97; ὁ δ' ὁρμηθεὶς θεοῦ ἤρχετο Od. 8, 499; ἀρξάμενοι τοῦ χώρου [[ὅθεν]] τέ περ οἰνοχοεύει 21, 142; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρχόμενος [[λέχος]] ἔξεον 23, 199; vom Opfer Od. 14, 428 ὁ δ' ὠμοθετεῖτο [[συβώτης]], πάντων ἀρχόμενος μελέων, ἐς πίονα δημόν, v. l. [[πάντοθεν]], s. Scholl. Did.; vgl. [[ἀπάρχομαι]]. Bei den Folgenden: a) c. gen., ἐπέων Pind. P. 4, 30; λόγου, seine Rede anfangen, Xen. An. 3, 2, 7; δρόμου, σίτου Cyr. 3, 3, 61. Häufiger b) ἀπό τινος, so daß der einzelne Punkt, der der erste ist, bezeichnet wird, vgl. Matth. Gr. §. 336, Anm. 2; Plat. Phaedr. 100 b Soph. 218 a; ἤργμεθα Legg. IV, 722 c; Xen. An. 6, 1, 18 u. sonst; dah. [[πόθεν]], Plat. Menex. 237 a; bes. wird ἀπό τινος ἀρξᾰμενος periphrastisch gebraucht, von da an, vgl. Her. 3, 91; Plat. Gorg. 471 c. Ebenso ἔκ τινος, Her. 2, 17 u. öfter; ἐκ παιδός, ἐκ παίδων σμικρῶν ἀρ., von Kindheit an, Plat. Rep. IX, 582 b Prot. 325 c; ἐξ ἕω ἀρξάμενος – [[μέχρι]], vom Morgen an, Legg. VII, 807 d. Ein Verbum steht dabei c) im inf., um übh. den Anfang auszudrücken von etwas, ἄρχομαι μανθάνειν Xen. Mem. 3, 5, 22, ich fange an zu lernen; ἡ [[νόσος]] ἤρξατο [[γενέσθαι]], die ersten Spuren der Krankheit zeigten sich, Thuc. 2, 47; – oder mit dem partic., wenn der Anfang in Beziehung auf die ganze Folgezeit, den Fortgang des Zustandes betrachtet wird, ἠρχόμεθα διαλεγόμενοι Plat. Theaet. 187 a; ἄρχομαι διδάσκων, ich fange meinen Unterricht an, Xen. Cyr. 8, 8, 2; umgekehrt, ἀρχόμενος ἔλεγον Plat. Theaet. 174 b, zuerst; vgl. Matth. Gr. §. 557. – 3) der Erste sein als Anführer, Herrscher, befehligen, herrschen; absolut, Od. 6, 12. 14, 471 Iliad. 13, 136; ἄρχειν τε καὶ ἄρχεσθαι Plat. Prot. 326 d; ἄρξουσι καὶ ἄρξονται Rep. III, 412 c; so in pass. Bdtg auch Aesch. Pers. 581; Her. 7, 139; aber ἀρχθήσομαι hat Arist. pol. 1, 13 u. Sp.; bes. Archont sein; mit dem gen., Iliad. 2, 494. 16, 173 Od. 10, 205; eben so Folg., sowohl vom Könige, als von den Obrigkeiten; ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν; häufig vom Heerführer, Her. 5, 1; Xen. An. 2, 2, 5; ἵππων ζεύγους Plat. Theag. 123 d; κώμης Xen. An. 4, 5, 28. Homerisch ist die Vbdg mit dem dat., ἦρχε δ' ἄρα [[σφιν]] Ἕκτωρ Iliad. 16, 552; ἦρχε δ' ἄρα [[σφιν]] [[Ἄρης]] καὶ [[Ἐνυώ]] 5, 592; οἷσί περ ἄρχει 2, 805, vgl. Scholl.; [[εἰνάκις]] ἀνδράσιν ἦρξα καὶ νέεσσιν ἄνδρας ἐς ἀλλοδαπούς Od. 14, 230; ἄρχε Μυρμιδόνεσσι μάχεσθαι Iliad. 16, 65; Ζεὺς δαρὸν οὐκ ἄρξει θεοῖς Aesch. Prom. 942; vgl. Eur. I. A. 337; Paus. 1, 1, 2; auch ἔν τισιν, Il. 13, 690; Plat. Phaedr. 238 a. Allgem., die Oberhand behalten, wie [[κρατέω]], σέο ἕξεται ὅ ττί κεν ἄρχῃ Il. 9, 102. – Pass., befehligt werden; dah. untergeben sein, = [[ὑπήκοον]] εἶναι, Xen. An. 7, 7, 29; bes. von Unterthanen, Cyr. 1, 6, 8; von den gemeinen Soldaten, An. 3, 2, 30; Her. vrbdt gew. ὑπό τινος, doch auch ὑπό τινι, 1, 91. 130; ἄρχεται ἐς τοῦτο τὸ [[ὄρος]] ὑπὸ τῶν Περσέων, impers. = die Perser herrschen, 3, 97.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">be the first</b> = 1. [[begin]] (Il.); = 2. [[reign]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">ἄρξαι</b><br />Dialectal forms: Uncertain Myc. <b class="b2">ake-</b> in PN \/<b class="b2">arkhe-</b>\/ or \/<b class="b2">age-</b>\/. Uncertain [[oka]], s. Aura-J.<br />Compounds: <b class="b3">ἀρχέκακος</b> [[who initiated the evil]] (Il.); <b class="b3">ἀρχιτέκτων</b> (Hdt.) after <b class="b3">τερπικέραυνος</b> (?); <b class="b3">ἀρχι-</b> is never found in poetry.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἀρχός</b> m. [[leader]] (Il.). <b class="b3">ἄρχων</b>, <b class="b3">-οντος</b> m. [[commander]], official, [[Archont]]. - <b class="b3">ἄργματα</b> n. pl. [[firstlings]] (ξ 446) = <b class="b3">ἀπάργματα</b> (Ar.), <b class="b3">ἀπαρχαί</b>; <b class="b3">ἀρχή</b> s.v.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Unknown. - Fur. 342 thinks it is a substr. word because of [[ὄρχαμος]] (q.v.), with variation <b class="b3">α</b>\/<b class="b3">ο</b>.