μύω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[close]], [[be shut]], esp. of the eyes, <b class="b2">shut the eyes, abate</b>, also (esp. with <b class="b3">κατα-</b>) trans. [[shut]] (<b class="b3">ὀφθαλμούς</b> etc.) (S. Fr. 774, Call., Nic.).<br />Other forms: aor. <b class="b3">μύσαι</b> (Ω 637; cf. below), late. <b class="b3">μῦσαι</b> (AP ), fut. <b class="b3">μύσ-ω</b> (Lyc. 988), perf. <b class="b3">μέμυκα</b> (Ω 420).<br />Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>. As 1. element in <b class="b3">μύ-ωψ</b>, them. elarged <b class="b3">-ωπός</b> "with closing eyes", i.e. [[near-sighted]] (cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 9 n. 2).<br />Derivatives: 1. Adv. in <b class="b3">-τί</b> with <b class="b3">α</b> priv.: <b class="b3">ἀ-μυσ-τί</b> <b class="b2">without closing (the lips), at one draught</b> (Hp., Pherecr.), from where <b class="b3">ἄμυστις</b> f. [[drinking at one draught]] (Anacr., Epich., E.) with <b class="b3">ἀμυστίζω</b> [[empty the cup at one draught]] (E., Plu.); cf. Schwyzer 623 w. n. 10. -- 2. (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατά-)μύσις</b> f. [[the closing]], [[go together]] (Hp., Thphr., Plu.). -- 3. <b class="b3">μύστης</b> m. prob. prop. "who shuts his eyes", <b class="b2">the initiated (in the Eleusinian mysteries)</b> (Heraclit., Ar., E.) in opposition to the <b class="b3">ἐπόπτης</b> "the observer", wo reached the highest degree; f. <b class="b3">μύστις</b> name of comedies of Antiph. and Philem., LXX; with <b class="b3">μυστικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the mystai (mysteries), secret</b> (IA.; Chantraine Études 116, 123, 125), <b class="b3">μυστήριον</b>, usu. pl. <b class="b3">-ια</b> [[secret service]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">μυστηρ-ιώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b> etc.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 222 f. -- Beside <b class="b3">μύω</b> stands <b class="b3">μυέω</b>, mostly pass. <b class="b3">μυέομαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">μυηθῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">μυῆσαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">μυηθήσομαι</b>, perf. <b class="b3">μεμύημαι</b>, rarely with <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, prob. prop. "have one's eyes closed" (cf. <b class="b3">μύστης</b>), [[be initiated]], with secondarily the act. [[initiate]] (IA.). From where <b class="b3">μύησις</b> f. [[initiation]] (hell., inscr., Ph.). -- On itself stands <b class="b3">μυάω</b> <b class="b2">shut the lips (the eyes?)</b> (only Ar. Lys. 126 <b class="b3">τί μοι μυα̃τε</b>; by H. explained with <b class="b3">σκαρδαμύττετε</b>), also <b class="b3">μοιμυάω</b> (H., Phot.); constucted from the Ar.-place?; but cf. <b class="b3">μοιμύλλω</b> s. <b class="b3">μύλλω</b>.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown] IE LIV 401, <b class="b2">*meus-</b> [[shut oneself]]<br />Etymology: The perfect <b class="b3">μέμυκα</b> agrees with the also intransitive <b class="b3">ἕστηκα</b>, <b class="b3">βέβηκα</b> etc.; the shortvowel aor. <b class="b3">μύσαι</b> (for which secondarily <b class="b3">μῦσαι</b> to <b class="b3">μύω</b>) may like <b class="b3">φθάσαι</b> a.o. have been transformed from a root aor. (<b class="b3">μύσαν Ω</b> 637 for <b class="b3">*μύ-ν</b>?); from there the fut. <b class="b3">μύσ-ω</b>. Then the <b class="b3">σ</b> in <b class="b3">μύσ-της</b> would be unoriginal. If old, <b class="b3">μέμυκα</b> would have to be analogical. The present <b class="b3">μύω</b> can be explained both from <b class="b3">μυ-</b> and from <b class="b3">μυσ-</b> (<b class="b3">*μύσ-ι̯ω</b> Schulze Q. 334 n. 3 as a question); cf. Schwyzer 686 and 721. -- Comparisons outside Greek are hardly of help: the isolated Latv. [[musinât]] [[whisper]], [[murmur]] (WP. 2, 310, Pok. 752) does no say much. (Does <b class="b3">μύω</b> go back on sound-imitating <b class="b3">μῦ</b>?; s. also <b class="b3">μύζω</b>, <b class="b3">μῦθος</b>, <b class="b3">μυκάομαι</b>. -- The innovation <b class="b3">μυέομαι</b> with <b class="b3">μυέω</b> may have arisen from nonpres., with <b class="b3">η</b> enlarged forms like <b class="b3">μυηθῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">μεμύημαι</b>; cf. Schwyzer 721. On <b class="b3">μυάω</b> cf. <b class="b3">σιγάω</b>, <b class="b3">βοάω</b> a.o. -- On the fate of <b class="b3">μυστικός</b>, <b class="b3">μυστήριον</b> in the Westeurop. languages (Fr. [[mystique]], <b class="b2">mystère</b> etc.) and in Newgr. s. Chantraine Studii clasice 2, 69 f. - Fur. 378 compares <b class="b3">ἀμύω</b> and considers it as perh. Pre-Greek. Janda connects Pal. <b class="b2">muš-</b> [[satiate oneself]], IE <b class="b2">*meus-</b> [[shut oneself]] (LIV 401), Sprache 40, 1998 [2001], 21.