λαός: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">(the common) folk, crowd, military, people</b>, in the NT esp. [[the Jewish people]], pl. <b class="b2">the military, men, subjects, serfs</b>, also [[the laity]] (LXX); in sing. [[follower]] (Hecat. 23J.); on use and spread amply Björck Alpha impurum 318ff. (Il., Dor., hell).<br />Other forms: Ion. <b class="b3">ληός</b> (rare), Ion. Att. <b class="b3">λεώς</b> (archaic a. rare)<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[rawaketa]] \/[[lawagetas]]\/ cf. Chantraine Études 88m. n. 1<br />Compounds: Many old compp.: <b class="b3">ΛαϜο-πτόλεμος</b>, <b class="b3">Ϝιό-λαϜος</b> (Cor.), <b class="b3">λαγέτας</b> m. [[leader of the people]] (Pi.) from <b class="b3">λαϜ-αγετας</b>, <b class="b3">Λα-έρ-της</b> s.v., <b class="b3">λαο-σσόος</b> [[urging the men]] (Hom.; s. <b class="b3">σεύω</b>), <b class="b3">λαο-</b>, <b class="b3">λεω-φόρος</b> <b class="b2">carrying the people, publicly</b>, of streets, as subst. [[road]] (Il.), <b class="b3">Μενέλαος</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">-λεως</b> Att. (Björck 104 ff.), a.o.; on the compounds Fick-Bechtel PN 184ff., and Björck l.c.<br />Derivatives: Few derivv. (partly because of the synonymous <b class="b3">δῆμος</b>, partly because of the homonymous forms of <b class="b3">λα̃ας</b>): 1. <b class="b3">λαϊκός</b> <b class="b2">of the people, common</b> (hell.). 2. <b class="b3">λαώδης</b> [[popular]] (Ph., Plu.). 3. <b class="b3">Λήϊτος</b> PN (Il.), <b class="b3">λήϊτον</b> n. (on the very rare suffix <b class="b3">-ιτο-</b> Schwyzer 504) [[townhall]] with the Achaeans (Hdt., Plu. with Ion.- Att. form for) <b class="b3">λάϊτον τὸ ἀρχεῖον</b>, <b class="b3">λαΐτων τῶν δημοσίων τόπων</b> H.; beside it a.o <b class="b3">λῃ̃τον</b> (cod. <b class="b3">λῃτόν</b>) <b class="b3">δημόσιον</b>, <b class="b3">ληΐτη</b>, <b class="b3">οἱ δε λῄτη</b> (cod. <b class="b3">λῃτή</b>) <b class="b3">ἱέρεια</b>; cf. <b class="b3">λαιετόν</b> [[townhall]] (Su.) [strange]. <b class="b3">λειτόν βλάσφημον</b> H. (correct?); Fur. 238 n. 45 objects that <b class="b3">-ιτο-</b> is a Pre-Greek suffix, ib. 163, 187. Deriv. <b class="b3">ληιτιαί ἡγεμονίαι</b>, <b class="b3">στρατιαί</b> H. (Scheller Oxytonierung 91).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [00] <b class="b2">*leh₂-u̯o-</b> <b class="b2">(fighting) people</b><br />Etymology: As adj. 1.member in <b class="b3">λῃτουργέω</b> (<b class="b3">λειτ-</b>) <b class="b2">fulfill a public office on private means, provide a (public, ecclesiastical) service</b> with <b class="b3">λῃτουργ-ία</b> (<b class="b3">λειτ-</b>) <b class="b2">state-, service, Liturgie</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">-ός</b>, <b class="b3">-ημα</b> etc. (hell.), comp. <b class="b3">*ληϊτο-Ϝεργ-έω</b> to <b class="b3">*λήϊτα ἔργα</b>, cf. <b class="b3">δημιουργέω</b>, <b class="b3">-ός</b> (s.v.); also <b class="b3">λῄτ-αρχος</b> m. [[public priest]] (Lyc. 991). - Cf. also <b class="b3">λείτωρ</b>. Like thr Germ. word for [[people]], OHG [[liut]], OE [[lēod]], <b class="b3">λα(Ϝ)ός</b> was origin. an (abstracte) collective; to it came the plur. <b class="b3">λα(Ϝ)οί</b> as [[liuti]], [[lēode]] [[Leute]], to which again the sing. <b class="b3">ληός</b> [[follower]] as [[liut]] [[man]], cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 42 n. 3, Wackernagel Synt. 1,92 f. - Otherwise than with the synonymous <b class="b3">δῆμος</b> and <b class="b3">στρατός</b>, <b class="b3">λα(Ϝ)ός</b>, which was in Ion.-Att. never quite a thome, has no IE. etymologie, but was nevertheless old. (Not to <b class="b3">λᾶας</b>.) Mostly connected with Hitt. <b class="b2">lah̯h̯a-</b> [[campaign]] (Sturtevanr Lang. 7 (1931) 120; Tischler, Heth. etym. Glossar 5, 8). - In Maced.-Epir. PN <b class="b3">Δρεβελαου</b> v. Blumenthal IF 49, 181ff. finds an Illyr. pendant of Gr. <b class="b3">Τρεφέλεως</b> (further a PN [[Lava]]).