σφαῖρα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ας, ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[ball]], <b class="b3">σφαίρῃ παίζειν</b> play [[at ball]], <span class="bibl">Od.6.100</span>; <b class="b3">σφαῖραν ἔρριψε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">115</span>; σ. καλὴν μετὰ χερσὶν ἕλοντο <span class="bibl">8.372</span>; <b class="b3">σφαίρῃ ἀν' ἰθὺν πειρήσαντο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">377</span>; ὥσπερ σφαῖραν ἐκδεξάμενος τὸν λόγον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span> 277b</span>; <b class="b3">ῥαπτὴ σ</b>. <span class="title">AP</span>12.44 (Glauc.), cf. <span class="bibl">Nicom.Com.1.25</span>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.234</span>; διὰ σφαίρας . . ἐκπονῆσαι τὸ σῶμα Gal.6.134, cf. <span class="bibl">Sor.1.49</span>,<span class="bibl">93</span>; ἡ διὰ τῆς σ. ὄρχησις <span class="bibl">Ath.1.14d</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">σφαῖραν ἐποίησε τὴν οὐσίαν</b> (cf. [[συστρογγύλλω]]) <span class="bibl">Alex.246.3</span>: prov., <b class="b3">σ. κατὰ πρανοῦς</b>, of accelerating motion, <span class="bibl">Eust.249.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[any globe]], <span class="bibl">Parm.8.43</span>; [[sphere]], as a geom. figure, <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.95d</span>, etc.; esp. <b class="b2">the terrestrial globe, earth</b>, <span class="bibl">Str.2.3.1</span>; [[an artificial globe]], <span class="bibl">Hermesian.7.88</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.12.3.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[hollow sphere]] or [[globe]]: in the Ancient Physics, from the time of Anaximander (cf. <span class="title">Placit.</span> 2.16.5), of the [[spheres]] believed to revolve round the earth carrying the heavenly bodies, and according to the Pythagoreans arranged after the intervals of the musical scale (cf. Alex.Eph. ap. Theon.Sm.<span class="bibl">p.139</span> H., Cic. <span class="title">de Rep.</span>6.18), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1073b18</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cael.</span> 286b24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mete.</span>341b20</span>, <span class="bibl">354b24</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Ign.</span>4</span>; <b class="b3">σ. ἀπλανής</b>, = [[ἡ τῶν ἀπλανῶν σ]]. the [[sphere]] of the fixed stars, <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">Hyp.</span>5.1</span>; so <b class="b3">ἡ ἀπλανής</b>, without ς., ib.<span class="bibl">7.25</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ πλανώμεναι σ</b>. planetary [[spheres]], Plu.2.1028a; Astrol., <b class="b3">ἡ ὀρθὴ σ</b>. right [[sphere]], i.e. the celestial sphere as viewed from the equator, Rhetorius in <span class="title">Cat.Cod.Astr.</span>8(1).231. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[a weapon ofboxers]], prob. [[iron ball]], worn with padded covers (ἐπίσφαιρα) instead of boxing-gloves (ἱμάντες) in the <b class="b3">σφαιρομαχίαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>830b</span>, cf. Plu. 2.80b. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">αἱ σ. τῶν ὀμμάτων</b> eye-[[balls]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>958a7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">σ. θαλάττιαι</b> sea-[[balls]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>616a20</span>, Crito ap.Gal.12.437. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[pill]], Archig. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.8.2.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">πλατάνου σφαῖραι</b>, i.e. globular catkins, Dsc.4.73. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> as a quantitative measure, ἐπίβαλε . . φύκους στυπτηρίου ὡς σφαῖραν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHolm.</span>16.32</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">sphere, ball, balls in a boxing-glove, globe</b> (Od.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σφαιρο-ειδής</b> [[spherical]] (IA.), <b class="b3">ἐπί-σφαιρα</b> n. pl. <b class="b2">leather coating of boxing-balls, boxing-gloves</b>, also of the cover of the point of a sword (Plb., Plu.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σφαιρ-ηδόν</b> <b class="b2">like a ball, sphere</b> (Ν 204 a. o.) 2. <b class="b3">-ίον</b> dimin. (Pl. Ep., hell. a. late). 3. <b class="b3">-εύς</b> m. des. of young men in Sparta (after the boxing-gloves; Paus., inscr.; Bosshardt 75). 4. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (Archyt., Arist. etc.; Chantraine Études 131 f.), <b class="b3">-ειος</b> (Arist.-comm.) [[spherical]]. 5. <b class="b3">-ῖτις κυπάρισσος</b> (Gal.; after the form of the fruits?, cf. Redard 77); <b class="b3">*-ίτης</b> (<b class="b3">ἄρτος</b>) in Lat. [[spaerīta]] m. kind of cake (Cato; Leumann Sprache 1, 206 = Kl. Schr. 173). 6. <b class="b3">-ών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. <b class="b2">round fishing-net</b> (Opp.), 7. <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> (<b class="b3">ἀντι-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>) [[to play at ball]] (Att.; <b class="b3">φαιρίδδειν σφαιρίζειν</b> H.) with <b class="b3">-ισις</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> (Artem.), <b class="b3">-ισμα</b> (Eust.) [[ball-game]], <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> [[ball-player]], <b class="b3">-ιστικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a ball-game</b>, <b class="b3">-ιστήριον</b> <b class="b2">ball-court, -house</b>, <b class="b3">-ίστρα</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (hell. a. late). 8. <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>) <b class="b2">to be round, to round off, to provide with a round edge</b> (X., Arist., hell. a. late) with <b class="b3">-ωμα</b> [[rounded body]] (Arist. a.o.), <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> [[sphere-formation]] (late), <b class="b3">-ωτήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆρος</b> m. "rounded object", <b class="b2">knob, bulb or such</b> (Tab. Heracl., hell. pap.); s. Solmsen IF 31, 492ff.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Formation like [[πεῖρα]], [[σπεῖρα]], [[μοῖρα]] a.o. (s. vv. w. lit.). -- No agreement outside Greek. If prop. referring to the quick movement of a ball, one could connect <b class="b3">σφαῖρα</b> to <b class="b3">σπαίρω</b> a. cognates; s. v. w. further lit. Attempts, to explains the variation <b class="b3">σπ-</b> σφαῖρα <b class="b3">σφ-</b>, in Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 196 f. [improbable] Cf. also [[σφῦρα]], [[σφυρόν]] and [[σπύραθοι]], <b class="b3">σπυράδες</b> [Pre-Greek]. -- From <b class="b3">σφαῖρα</b> Syr. [[êspērō]], Aethiop. <b class="b2">ṣpīr</b> (Schwyzer 159 a. 161), Arm. <b class="b2">sp`er</b> (from where Georg. [[spero]]; Bailey Trans. Phil. Soc. 1945, 28). On <b class="b3">σφαῖρα</b> in gen. s. Hommel Gymn. 56, 201 ff., S. Mendner Das Ballspiel im Leben der Völker (Münster 1956) 77ff. -- Connection with <b class="b3">σπαίρω</b> is improbable.