πάλαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰ], Adv. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[long ago]], π. οὔ τι νέον γε <span class="bibl">Il.9.527</span>; π. κοὐ νεωστί <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">El.</span>1049</span>; π. πολλὰ ἤδη ἔτη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>18b</span>; <b class="b3">π. ποτέ</b> [[once upon a time]], <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Pl.</span>1002</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>110a</span>: freq. with pres. of an act lasting to the pres., <b class="b3">ὁρῶ… π</b>. I have [[long]] seen, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>5</span>; <b class="b3">ἰχνεύω π</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>589</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Men.</span>91a</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>257</span>, etc.; but, <b class="b3">π. ποτ' ὄντες</b> ye who were [[long ago]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>1060</span>: also with pf., τέθνηχ' ὑμῖν π. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1030</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>998</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>556</span>: with impf. of an act lasting to a past time, <b class="b3">ἔχεν π</b>. had [[long]] been holding it, <span class="bibl">Il.23.871</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eup.11</span>; ἔχεις π. ὧν ἐπεθύμεις <span class="bibl">Theoc.10.17</span>: with Art., τὸ π. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.5</span>, <span class="bibl">7.74</span>,<span class="bibl">95</span>,<span class="bibl">142</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.5</span>, etc.; ἀπὸ π. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1036.24</span> (ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> like an Adj. with Art. and Noun, <b class="b3">οἱ π. φῶτες</b> men [[of old]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>2.1</span>; Κάδμου τοῦ π. νέα τροφή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ πρόσθε Κάδμου τοῦ π. τ' Ἀγήνορος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">268</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ καινὰ τοῖς π. τεκμαίρεται</b> ib.<span class="bibl">916</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>1165</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1490</span>, etc.; τὰ π. <span class="bibl">D.19.276</span> (nisi leg. <b class="b3">παλαί'</b>) <b class="b3">; οἱ π</b>. the [[ancients]], opp. <b class="b3">οἱ νῦν</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1069a29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[before]], opp. the present, sts. of time [[just past]], ἠμὲν π. ἠδ' ἔτι καὶ νῦν <span class="bibl">Il.9.105</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>181</span>: hence, <b class="b2">not long ago, just now</b>, like [[ἄρτι]], οἱ π. λόγοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>845</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ π. λόγος</b> the reason [[just]] given, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1282a15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1282b7</span>; π. σοὶ ἔλεγον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>19.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.10</span>; but opp. <b class="b3">ἄρτι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Tht.</span>142a</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: Adv.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">of old, formerly, long ago, bygone, earlier</b> (Il.; supposition on the development of the meaning in Treu Von Hom. zur Lyrik 127).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[parajo]] \/[[palaios]]\/.<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">παλαι-γενής</b> <b class="b2">born long ago, highly aged</b> (Il.). <b class="b3">ἔκ-παλαι</b> [[long since]], [[long ago]] (hell.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">παλαιός</b> [[old]], [[ancient]], [[former]] (Il.) with <b class="b3">παλαι-ότης</b> f. [[age]], [[ancientness]] (Att.), <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">to grow old, to make age, to declare archaic</b> (Hp., Pl., Arist.); from it <b class="b3">παλαί-ωσις</b> f. [[aging]] (Hp., LXX, Str.), <b class="b3">-ώματα</b> pl. [[antiquity]] (LXX). Comp. forms <b class="b3">παλαί-τερος</b>, <b class="b3">-τατος</b> (Pi.), also <b class="b3">παλαιό-τερος</b> (Ψ 788 [metr. condit.] etc.; Schwyzer 534 w. n.6), <b class="b3">-τατος</b> (Pl.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [640] <b class="b2">*kʷel-</b>? [[far]]<br />Etymology: Formation (except for the accent) like <b class="b3">χαμαί</b>, <b class="b3">παραί</b>; so prop. a frozen case-form (dat.?, s. Schwyzer 548 w. lit.). Ablauting <b class="b3">τῆλε</b> [[far away]], [[far]] (s. v.), Boeot <b class="b3">πήλυι</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>; the spatial meaning is evidently the older one. Skt. <b class="b2">caramá-</b> [[the utmost]], [[the last]], which has been connected with it, forms a connection with <b class="b3">τέλος</b> [[end]], [[goal]]; so <b class="b3">πάλαι</b> orig. [[at the end]] (prop. [[at the turning point of the career]]), [[in the distance]], <b class="b2">in remote time(s)</b>. It is unnecessary to assume a separate <b class="b2">*kʷel-</b> [[far away]] (WP. 1, 517, Pok. 640). The Mycenaean form presents difficulties for a labio-velar. -- Cf. [[πάλιν]] and [[πέλομαι]]. - The <b class="b3">-α-</b> has not yet been explained; one might think of <b class="b2">*kʷl̥h₂-ei</b>.