σάρξ: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=σαρκός<br />Grammatical information: f., often pl. (Hom almost only).<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">flesh, piece(s) of meat</b> (Il.); on the number Schw.-Debrunner 43, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 2,30.<br />Other forms: Aeol. <b class="b3">σύρκες</b> pl. H., EM; on the phonetics Schwyzer 308.<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σαρκο-φάγος</b> [[eating flesh]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">λίθος σαρκοφάγος</b> des. of a stone broken near Assos (Troas), which was used for funeral monuments and would have eaten the corpse (Poll. 10, 150, Plin. a. o.); on the debated physiological-chemical proces s. R. Müller in Kretschmer Glotta 22, 265; from there [[coffin]] (inscr.), Lat. LW [loanword] [[sarcophagus]], OHG [[sarch]] etc.; <b class="b3">ἄ-σαρκος</b> [[without flesh]], [[thin]] (IA.); on the 2. member extens. Sommer Nominalkomp. 94 f.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σαρκ-ίον</b> (Hp., Arist. a. o.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Arist. etc.) n. [[piece of flesh]], <b class="b3">-ίς</b> f. [[meat]], [[food]] (late pap.); <b class="b3">-ῖτις</b> f. name of a stone (Plin.; after the colour, Redard 60). 2. <b class="b3">σάρκ-ινος</b> (Att. etc.), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (hell. a. late), <b class="b3">-ειος</b> (late) <b class="b2">fleshy, made of flesh</b>; <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[flesh-like]] (Hp., X. etc.), <b class="b3">-ήρης</b> [[consisting of flesh]] (Trag. Adesp.). 3a <b class="b3">σαρκ-ίζω</b> [[to scrape clean of flesh]] (Hdt.; on the privative meaning Hudson-Williams ClassRev. 26, 122f.; not correct Schwyzer 736), <b class="b3">περι-</b> σαρκός with <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> (medic.), <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> σαρκός (LXX); b. <b class="b3">-όω</b> (<b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> a. o.) <b class="b2">to make fleshy, to change into flesh</b> with <b class="b3">-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ωσις</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b> (medic. a. o.); c. <b class="b3">-άζω</b> s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1102] <b class="b2">*tu̯r̥ḱ-</b> [[cut]]<br />Etymology: Acc. to a general, very acceptable view (since v. Bradke ZDMG 40, 752) to Av. <b class="b2">ʮwarǝs-</b>, pres. [[ʮwǝrǝsaiti]] prop. [[cut]] (<b class="b2">upa-</b>, <b class="b2">us-</b> a. o.), as simplex <b class="b2">shape, create, destine etc.</b>, IE <b class="b2">tu̯r̥ḱ-</b> (WP. 1, 751, Pok. 1102); so prop. *'slice' as Lat. [[carō]] <b class="b2">(piece) of meat</b> = Umbr. [[karu]] <b class="b2">pars, piece of meat</b> to <b class="b3">κείρω</b> [[cut]] etc. Other argumentation by Risch Sprache 7, 93 ff. (where also Hitt. [[tuekkaš]] [[body]] [with assumed loss of [[r]] before [[k]]] is discussed; s. however on <b class="b3">σάκος</b>): to <b class="b2">ʮwarǝs-</b> in the (clearly secondary) meaning [[create]], [[build]]; so "flesh as what gives the human body shape and form"; certainly not to be preferred. -- Thus also Lubotsky, Sprache 36 (1994) 94-102, who shows that Skt. <b class="b2">tvaṣṭar-</b> contains a zero grade (with [[a]] < <b class="b2">r̥</b>), like Av. <b class="b2">ʮworǝštar-</b> (from <b class="b2">*ʮwǝrǝštar-</b>). OIr. [[torc]] [[boar]] has the same origin, for which he reconstructs <b class="b2">*turḱos</b>. L. discusses also the rise of <b class="b3">-αρ-</b>, <b class="b3">-υρ-</b> (rejecting a reconstr. <b class="b2">*tu̯orḱ-</b>). - From <b class="b3">σάρξ</b> Alb. [[šark]] [[flesh of a fruit]] (Jokl IF 44, 13 ff.).<br />σαρκός<br />Grammatical information: f., often pl. (Hom almost only).<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">flesh, piece(s) of meat</b> (Il.); on the number Schw.-Debrunner 43, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 2,30.<br />Other forms: Aeol. <b class="b3">σύρκες</b> pl. H., EM; on the phonetics Schwyzer 308.<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σαρκο-φάγος</b> [[eating flesh]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">λίθος σαρκοφάγος</b> des. of a stone broken near Assos (Troas), which was used for funeral monuments and would have eaten the corpse (Poll. 10, 150, Plin. a. o.); on the debated physiological-chemical proces s. R. Müller in Kretschmer Glotta 22, 265; from there [[coffin]] (inscr.), Lat. LW [loanword] [[sarcophagus]], OHG [[sarch]] etc.; <b class="b3">ἄ-σαρκος</b> [[without flesh]], [[thin]] (IA.); on the 2. member extens. Sommer Nominalkomp. 94 f.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σαρκ-ίον</b> (Hp., Arist. a. o.), <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b> (Arist. etc.) n. [[piece of flesh]], <b class="b3">-ίς</b> f. [[meat]], [[food]] (late pap.); <b class="b3">-ῖτις</b> f. name of a stone (Plin.; after the colour, Redard 60). 2. <b class="b3">σάρκ-ινος</b> (Att. etc.), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (hell. a. late), <b class="b3">-ειος</b> (late) <b class="b2">fleshy, made of flesh</b>; <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[flesh-like]] (Hp., X. etc.), <b class="b3">-ήρης</b> [[consisting of flesh]] (Trag. Adesp.). 3a <b class="b3">σαρκ-ίζω</b> [[to scrape clean of flesh]] (Hdt.; on the privative meaning Hudson-Williams ClassRev. 26, 122f.; not correct Schwyzer 736), <b class="b3">περι-</b> σάρξ with <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> (medic.), <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> σάρξ (LXX); b. <b class="b3">-όω</b> (<b class="b3">περι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> a. o.) <b class="b2">to make fleshy, to change into flesh</b> with <b class="b3">-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ωσις</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b> (medic. a. o.); c. <b class="b3">-άζω</b> s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1102] <b class="b2">*tu̯r̥ḱ-</b> [[cut]]<br />Etymology: Acc. to a general, very acceptable view (since v. Bradke ZDMG 40, 752) to Av. <b class="b2">ʮwarǝs-</b>, pres. [[ʮwǝrǝsaiti]] prop. [[cut]] (<b class="b2">upa-</b>, <b class="b2">us-</b> a. o.), as simplex <b class="b2">shape, create, destine etc.</b>, IE <b class="b2">tu̯r̥ḱ-</b> (WP. 1, 751, Pok. 1102); so prop. *'slice' as Lat. [[carō]] <b class="b2">(piece) of meat</b> = Umbr. [[karu]] <b class="b2">pars, piece of meat</b> to <b class="b3">κείρω</b> [[cut]] etc. Other argumentation by Risch Sprache 7, 93 ff. (where also Hitt. [[tuekkaš]] [[body]] [with assumed loss of [[r]] before [[k]]] is discussed; s. however on <b class="b3">σάκος</b>): to <b class="b2">ʮwarǝs-</b> in the (clearly secondary) meaning [[create]], [[build]]; so "flesh as what gives the human body shape and form"; certainly not to be preferred. -- Thus also Lubotsky, Sprache 36 (1994) 94-102, who shows that Skt. <b class="b2">tvaṣṭar-</b> contains a zero grade (with [[a]] < <b class="b2">r̥</b>), like Av. <b class="b2">ʮworǝštar-</b> (from <b class="b2">*ʮwǝrǝštar-</b>). OIr. [[torc]] [[boar]] has the same origin, for which he reconstructs <b class="b2">*turḱos</b>. L. discusses also the rise of <b class="b3">-αρ-</b>, <b class="b3">-υρ-</b> (rejecting a reconstr. <b class="b2">*tu̯orḱ-</b>). - From <b class="b3">σάρξ</b> Alb. [[šark]] [[flesh of a fruit]] (Jokl IF 44, 13 ff.).