κλίνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῑ], fut. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> κλῐνῶ Lyc.557, (<b class="b3">ἐγκατα</b>-) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>621</span>: aor. 1 ἔκλῑνα <span class="bibl">Il.5.37</span>, etc.: pf. κέκλῐκα <span class="bibl">Plb.30.13.2</span>:—Med., aor. ἐκλινάμην <span class="bibl">Od.17.340</span>, etc.:—Pass., fut. <b class="b3">κλῐθήσομαι συγ</b>-) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1090</span>, (κατα-) <span class="bibl">D.S.8</span> <span class="title">Fr.</span>19: fut. 2 κατα-κλῐνήσομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>98</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>222e</span>, also <b class="b3">κεκλίσομαι</b> dub. in <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>22.7</span>: aor. 1 <b class="b3">ἐκλίθην [ῐ</b>] <span class="bibl">Od.19.470</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>101</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">1226</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>211</span> (anap.), freq. in Prose; poet. also <b class="b3">ἐκλίνθην</b>, v. infr. <span class="bibl">11.1</span>,<span class="bibl">2</span>,<span class="bibl">3</span>: aor. 2 <b class="b3">ἐκλίνην [ῐ</b>] only in compds., κατακλῐνῆναι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1208</span>, <span class="bibl">1211</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.2.15</span>, etc.; ξυγκατακλῐνείς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>981</span>: pf. <b class="b3">κέκλῐμαι</b> (v. infr.); inf. κεκλίσθαι <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>325.3</span>, but <b class="b3">κεκλίνθαι</b> v.l. ib.<span class="bibl">47.1</span>. (<b class="b3">κλῐ-ν-yω</b>, for. root κλῐ: κλει-, cf. [[κλειτύς]]; Skt. [[śráyati]] 'cause to lean', 'support', Lat.[[clinare]], [[clivus]].):—[[cause to lean]], [[make to slope]] or [[slant]], <b class="b3">ἐπὴν κλίνῃσι τάλαντα Ζεύς</b> when he [[inclines]] or [[turns]] the scale, <span class="bibl">Il.19.223</span>; <b class="b3">Τρῶας δ' ἔκλιναν Δαναοί</b> [[made]] them [[give way]], <span class="bibl">5.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.9.59</span>; ἐπεί ῥ' ἔκλινε μάχην <span class="bibl">Il.14.510</span>; ἔκλινε γὰρ κέρας… ἡμῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>704</span>; also ἐκ πυθμένων ἔκλινε… κλῇθρα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1262</span>:— Med., <b class="b3">Περσῶν κλινάμενοι [δύναμιν</b>] <span class="title">IG</span>12.763. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[make]] one thing [[slope]] against another, i.e. [[lean]], [[rest]] it, τι πρός τι <span class="bibl">Il.23.171</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">510</span>; ἅρματα δ' ἔκλιναν πρὸς ἐνώπια <span class="bibl">8.435</span>: c.dat., <b class="b3">ἔστησαν σάκε' ὤμοισι κλίναντες</b>, i.e. [[raising]] their shields [[so that the upper rim rested]] on their shoulders, <span class="bibl">11.593</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[turn aside]], μηκέτι τοῦδε βήματος ἔξω πόδα κλίνῃς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>193</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ὄσσε πάλιν κλίνασα</b> [[having turned]] back her eyes, <span class="bibl">Il.3.427</span>; <b class="b3">τὰς ἐκ τῶν ἀριστερῶν [φλέβας] ἐπὶ τὰ δεξιὰ κ</b>. [[turn]] to... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>77e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[make]] another [[recline]], <b class="b3">ἐν κλίνῃ κλῖναί τινας</b> [[make]] them [[lie down]] at table, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.16</span>; κλῖνόν μ' ἐς εὐνήν <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Or.</span>227</span>; κλίνατ', οὐ σθένω ποσίν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Alc.</span>267</span> (lyr.): metaph., <b class="b3">ἡμέρα κλίνει τε κἀνάγει πάλιν ἅπαντα τἀνθρώπεια</b> [[puts to rest]], [[lays low]], <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Aj.</span>131</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> in Magic, [[make subservient]], ψυχήν <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.1718. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> Gramm., [[inflect]], τὰ ῥήματα <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>212.20</span>:—Pass., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pron.</span>12.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Pass., [[lean]], ἂψ δ' ὁ πάϊς πρὸς κόλπον ἐϋζώνοιο τιθήνης ἐκλίνθη <span class="bibl">Il.6.467</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ δ' ἐκλίνθη, καὶ ἀλεύατο κῆρα μέλαιναν</b> he [[bent aside]], <span class="bibl">7.254</span>; of a brasen foot-pan, <b class="b3">ἂψ δ' ἑτέρωσ' ἐκλίθη</b> [[it was tipped over]], <span class="bibl">Od.19.470</span>; of battle, [[turn]], ἐκλίνθη δὲ μάχη <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>711</span>; of a body in equilibrium, οὐδαμόσε κλιθῆναι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>109a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Archim. <span class="title">Fluit.</span>1.8</span>,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[lean]], [[stay oneself]] upon or against a thing, c. dat., ἀσπίσι κεκλιμένοι <span class="bibl">Il.3.135</span>; <b class="b3">κίονι, κλισμῷ κεκλιμένη</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.307</span>, <span class="bibl">17.97</span>; ἠέρι δ' ἔγχος ἐκέκλιτο καὶ ταχἔ ἵππω <span class="bibl">Il.5.356</span> (s.v.l.); ἐν δορὶ κεκλιμένος <span class="bibl">Archil.2</span> (also in Med., κλινάμενος σταθμῷ <span class="bibl">Od.17.340</span>); κεκλιμένοι καλῇσιν ἐπάλξεσιν <span class="bibl">Il.22.3</span>; πρὸς τοῖχον ἐκλίνθησαν <span class="bibl">Archil.34</span>; ξύλα ἐς ἄλληλα κεκλιμένα <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.73</span>; <b class="b3">ὅταν τύχωσι</b> (sc. <b class="b3">αἱ ἄτομοἰ τῇ περιπλοκῇ κεκλιμέναι</b> when they chance to be [[propped]] (i.e. [[checked]]) by the interlacing with others, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.8U.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[lie down]], [[fall]], ἐν νεκύεσσι κλινθήτην <span class="bibl">Il.10.350</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">παραὶ λεχέεσσι κλιθῆναι</b> [[lie]] beside her on the bed, <span class="bibl">Od.18.213</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1226</span>: in pf., to [[be laid]], [[lie]], ἔντεα… παρ' αὐτοῖσι χθονὶ κέκλιτο <span class="bibl">Il.10.472</span>; <b class="b3">φύλλων κεκλιμένων</b> of [[fallen]] leaves, <span class="bibl">Od.11.194</span> (<b class="b3">φύλλα κεκλ</b>. in <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.9.2</span>, [[slanting]] leaves); Ληθαίῳ κεκλιμένη πεδίῳ <span class="bibl">Thgn.1216</span>; <b class="b3">Ἀλφεοῦ πόρῳ κλιθείς</b> [[laid]] by Alpheus' stream, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.92</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ γόνυ κέκλιται</b> [[has fallen]] on her knee, i.e.is humbled, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>931</span> (lyr.); ὑπτία κλίνομαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1188</span>; τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐρρήγνυτο τὸ τεῖχος, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ἐκλίνετο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.2.5</span>; οὐ νούσῳ… οὐδ' ὑπὸ δυσμενέων δούρατι κεκλίμεθα <span class="title">AP</span>7.493 (Antip. Thess.), cf. 315 (Zenod. or Rhian.), <span class="bibl">488</span> (Mnasalc.), Epic.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>214r.3. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[recline]] at meals, κλιθέντες ἐδαίνυντο <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.211</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>543</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span> 1023.48 (Cos, iii/ii B.C.); <b class="b3">κλίθητι καὶ πίωμεν</b> cj. in <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span>1203, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>691</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> of Places, [[lie sloping towards]] the sea, etc., [[lie near]], ἁλὶ κεκλιμένη <span class="bibl">Od.13.235</span>; [<b class="b3">νῆσοι] αἵ θ' ἁλὶ κεκλίαται</b> (Ep.for <b class="b3">κέκλινται</b>) <span class="bibl">4.608</span>: hence, of persons, [[lie on]], [[live on]] or [[by]], [Ὀρέσβιος] λίμνῃ κεκλιμένος Κηφισίδι <span class="bibl">Il.5.709</span>; ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης κεκλίαται <span class="bibl">16.68</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.740</span>; δισσαῖσιν ἀπείροις κλιθείς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>101</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">πλευρὰ πρὸς ἀνατολὰς κεκλιμένη, τὸ εἰς τὰς ἄρκτους κ</b>., <span class="bibl">Plb.2.14.4</span>, <span class="bibl">1.42.5</span>; ὄρος Κοῖον ὃ κέκλιται πρὸς Παρνασσόν <span class="title">SIG</span>826 <span class="title">E</span>iii 37 (Delph., ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> metaph., <b class="b3">τῷδε μέλει κλιθείς</b> [[having devoted himself to]]... <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>4.15</span> (also in Act., [[incline]] towards, τῶν πραγμάτων ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίους κεκλικότων <span class="bibl">Plb. 30.13.2</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[wander from the right course]], κεκλιμένη ναῦς <span class="bibl">Thgn. 856</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Med., [[decline]], [[wane]], <b class="b3">καὶ κλίνεται</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τὸ ἦμαρ</b>) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>255.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> intr. in Act., <b class="b3">κ. πρὸς τὸ ξανθὸν χρῶμα</b> [[incline]] towards... <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Phgn.</span>812b3</span>; <b class="b3">κλίνοντος ὑπὸ ζόφον ἠελίοιο</b> [[as]] the sun [[was declining]], <span class="bibl">A.R.1.452</span>; <b class="b3">ἅμα τῷ κλῖναι τὸ τρίτον μέρος τῆς νυκτός</b> as it [[came to an end]], <span class="bibl">Plb.3.93.7</span>; ἡ ἡμέρα ἤρξατο κλίνειν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>9.12</span>; ἡ πόλις ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον ἔκλινεν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.5.13</span>; τὸ κλῖνον ἀναλήμψεσθαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFay.</span>20.14</span> (iii/iv A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of soldiers, <b class="b3">κ. ἐπ' ἀσπίδα, ἐπὶ δόρυ</b>, [[turn]] to left, to right, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.115.9</span>, etc.; κ. πρὸς φυγήν <span class="bibl">Id.1.27.8</span>; also, [[wheel]], Ascl. <span class="title">Tact.</span>10.4.</span>

|etymtx=1<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">incline (oneself), lean (on), sink, bend</b>.<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">-ομαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">κλῖναι</b>, <b class="b3">κλίνασθαι</b> (Il.), pass. <b class="b3">κλιθῆναι</b> (Od.), <b class="b3">κλινθῆναι</b> (Il.;; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 404 w. n. 2, Schwyzer 761), also <b class="b3">κλινῆναι</b> (Att.; prob. for <b class="b3">*κλι-ῆναι</b>; Schwyzer 760), fut. <b class="b3">κλινῶ</b> (Att.), perf. midd. <b class="b3">κέκλιμαι</b> (Il.), with <b class="b3">κέκλικα</b> (Plb.),<br />Compounds: very often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>,<br />Derivatives: 1. from the root with <b class="b3">δ-</b>suffix: <b class="b3">δι-κλί-δ-ες</b> f. <b class="b2">double leaning, two-winged</b> (s. v.), <b class="b3">ἐγκλίς ἡ καγκελλωτη θύρα</b> (EM); <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐγ-κλιδόν</b> [[turning aside]], [[inclining]] (Od.). 2. From a prefixed present with ending after the <b class="b2">s-</b>stems (Schwyzer 513): <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">συγ-κλινής</b> etc. <b class="b2">inclined away, slant etc.</b> (Hp., A.) with <b class="b3">ἐπικλίν-εια</b> (Heliol. Med.), <b class="b3">συγκλιν-ίαι</b> pl. (Plu.). 3. compounds with <b class="b3">τη-</b>suffix: <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">συγ-κλί-της</b> [[who lies beside or together at the table]] (X.. Plu.), <b class="b3">ἐπι-κλίν-της</b> [[who inclines to the side]] (Arist.). - 4. <b class="b3">κλειτύς</b> (also <b class="b3">κλιτύς</b> after <b class="b3">κλίνω</b>), <b class="b3">ύος</b> f. [[slope]], [[hill]] (Il.; on the notation Schwyzer 506 w. n. 7). 5. <b class="b3">κλεῖτος</b> n. (A. R. 1, 599), <b class="b3">κλίτος</b> n. (Lyc., LXX, AP) [[slope]], [[side]]. - 6. <b class="b3">κλίσις</b>, most. in prefixcompp., e. g. <b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>, <b class="b3">κατά-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπό-κλισις</b> <b class="b2">leaning back etc.</b> (IA.). - 7. <b class="b3">κλίμα</b> n. (with hell. <b class="b3">ι</b> for <b class="b3">ει</b>; Schwyzer 523) [[inclination]], [[slope]], [[quarter]], [[land]], also <b class="b3">ἔγκλι-μα</b> etc. (Arist.), with <b class="b3">κλιματίας</b> [[inclining]] (Herakleit., Amm. Marc.), <b class="b3">κλιματικός</b> [[belonging to the sone]] (Vett. Val.). 8. <b class="b3">κλῖμαξ</b>, <b class="b3">-ακος</b> f. <b class="b2">trep, ladder, climax etc.</b> (Od.) with <b class="b3">κλιμάκιον</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-ίς</b> (Att. inscr., hell.), <b class="b3">κλιμακίσκοι πάλαισμα ποιόν</b> H.; <b class="b3">κλιμακίζω</b> [[use a grip called κλῖμαξ in the fighting]], metaph. [[bring down]] (Att.); <b class="b3">κλιμακωτός</b> (Plb.), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> (Str.) [[like a trep]]; also <b class="b3">κλιμακ-τήρ</b> [[rug of a ladder]] (IA.), [[critical point of a mans life]] (Varro) with <b class="b3">κλιμακτηρικός</b>, <b class="b3">-τηρίζω</b> (Gell., Vett. Val.); on the formation of <b class="b3">κλῖμαξ</b> (<b class="b3">ι</b> analog. for <b class="b3">ει</b> [<b class="b3">*κλεῖ-μα</b>] from <b class="b3">κλίνω</b>) Rodriguez Adrados Emerita 16, 133ff.; on <b class="b3">κλιμακτήρ</b> Chantraine Formation 327f. - 9. <b class="b3">κλισμός</b> [[arm-chair]] (Ion.Il.) with <b class="b3">κλισμίον</b>, <b class="b3">-άκιον</b> (inscr., Call.), [[inclination]], [[slope]] (Arist.). - 10. <b class="b3">ἀνά-κλιθρον</b> [[back of a chair]] (Ptol.). - 11. <b class="b3">κλίτα στοαί</b>, <b class="b3">κλίταν</b> (<b class="b3">καὶ τάν</b> cod.) <b class="b3">στοάν</b> H., prop. [[leaning]]; from there <b class="b3">κλισία</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ίη</b> <b class="b2">pile-dwelling, shed, chapel; arm-chair, resting-bed, tomb</b> ( Il.), <b class="b3">κλίσιον</b> nearly [[annex]], [[stoa]] (ω 208, Delos IIIa), also [[annex]], [[shed]], [[chapel]] (Lys., Paus.); often written <b class="b3">κλεισίον</b> (inscr.), also <b class="b3">κλεισία</b> f. [[tavern]] (ep.), perh. through adaptation to <b class="b3">κλείω</b> [[lock]] (diff. Schulze Q. 295 A. 3 and Fraenkel KZ 45, 168); from there <b class="b3">κλεισιάδες</b> (<b class="b3">θύραι</b>) <b class="b2">doors of the κλ(ε)ισία, of the κλ(ε)ισίον</b> (Hdt., Ph., D. H., Plu.); details on <b class="b3">κλισίη</b> in Frisk Eranos 41, 59ff., Scheller Oxytonierung 61. - 12. (<b class="b3">ἐγ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-)κλιτικός</b> <b class="b2">inflecting etc.</b> (gramm.); to (<b class="b3">ἔγ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔκ-)κλισις</b>. - From the present: 13. <b class="b3">κλίνη</b> [[layer]], [[bed]], [[litter]] (IA.; cf. Chantraine Formation 192) with <b class="b3">κλινίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b>, <b class="b3">-ίον</b>, <b class="b3">-άριον</b> (Com.), <b class="b3">κλίνειος</b> [[belonging to a κλίνη]] (D.), <b class="b3">-ήρης</b> [[censorius]] (Ph., J.); as 2. member in <b class="b3">σύγ-κλινος</b> [[bedfellow]] (Men.). - 14. <b class="b3">κλιντήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆρος</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Od.) with <b class="b3">κλιντήριον</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b>, <b class="b3">-ίσκος</b> (Ar.), <b class="b3">ἀνακλιν-τήρ</b> [[neighbour at table]] (Ps.-Callisth.); <b class="b3">παρακλίν-τωρ</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP); <b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπί-κλιν-τρον</b> <b class="b2">back (leaning) etc.</b> (Erot. in Poll., Ar., inschr. etc.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [600] <b class="b2">*ḱlei-</b> [[lean]]<br />Etymology: The yot-presens <b class="b3">κλίνω</b> < <b class="b3">*κλίν-ι̯ω</b>, which is a Greek innovation, goes back on an older nasal-presens, seen in several languages but in diff. forms: Lat. [[clīnāre]], Germ., e. g. OS [[hlinōn]], OHG [[hlinēn]] > [[lehnen]], Balt., e. g. Latv. <b class="b2">slìe-n-u</b>, <b class="b2">slìet</b>, EastLith. <b class="b2">šli-n-ù</b>, <b class="b2">šliñti</b> [[lean]], Av. <b class="b2">sri-nu-</b>, ptc. <b class="b2">sri-ta-</b> [[lean]], prob. also Arm. <b class="b2">li-ni-m</b>, aor. ipv. [[le-r]], [[become]], [[be]]; the basis was athem. <b class="b2">*ḱli-n-ā-mi</b>. Beside this there was in Indo-Iranian and Baltic a thematic root-present, e. g. Skt. <b class="b2">śrayati</b> = Lith. (old a. dial.) <b class="b2">šlejù</b> [[lean]]. The originally only presentic nasal has in Latin and Germanic conquered the whole inflection, but in Greek did not reach the perfect (<b class="b3">κέ-κλι-ται</b> : Skt. <b class="b2">śi-śri-y-é</b>), partly also the passive aorist. - The Greek nominal derivations are mostly innovations; note, except (<b class="b3">ἄ)-κλιτος</b> = Skt. <b class="b2">śri-tá-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">sri-ta-</b> [[leaning]], <b class="b3">κλίσις</b>, formally = Lith. <b class="b2">šli-tì-s</b> [[shove-shed]]; <b class="b3">κλίτον</b> = Germ. e. g. OHG [[lit]] [[cover]], NHG Augen-lid; beside it with full grade (as in <b class="b3">κλει-τύς</b>) e. g. OWNo. [[hlīð]] f. [[slope]]. As in <b class="b3">κλίνη</b> the nasal came in OHG [[hlina]] [[reclinatorium]]. - Several nominal formations in Bq s. v., Pok. 600ff., W.-Hofmann s. [[clīnō]] .