δάκρυ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, used by Poets metri gr. for <b class="b3">δάκρυον</b> in sg. <b class="b3">δάκρυ</b> and dat. pl. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> δάκρυσι <span class="bibl">Il.9.570</span>, etc.: dat. pl. sts. in Prose, <span class="bibl">Th.7.75</span>, <span class="bibl">D.30.32</span>, <b class="b2">Eu/.Luc</b>.<span class="bibl">7.38</span>: pl., δάκρη <span class="title">An.Ox.</span>1.121 (cj. Bgk. in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>122.3</span>, cf. δάκρυον <span class="bibl">2</span>):—[[tear]], <span class="bibl">Il.2.266</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.114</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>638</span>, etc.; τοῦ ὅ γε δ. χέων <span class="bibl">Od.2.24</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> generally, [[drop]], λιβάνου Pi. l.c.; δ. πεύκινον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1200</span>. (Cf.Lat. [[lacruma]], Goth. [[tagr]], OE. [[tear]].) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[tear]], [[drop]] (Il., also Peripl. M. Rubr. 30 = [[resin]], cf. s. <b class="b3">βράθυ</b>),<br />Other forms: Dat. pl. <b class="b3">δάκρυσι</b>; <b class="b3">δάκρυον</b> n. (Il., from <b class="b3">δάκρυα</b>, Debrunner Mélanges Pedersen 202ff.)<br />Compounds: <b class="b3">παρά- δακρυ</b> plant name (Ps.-Dsc.); many bahuvrihi's in <b class="b3">-δακρυς</b>.<br />Derivatives: Demin. <b class="b3">δακρύδιον</b> as plant name (Ps.-Dsc.); - <b class="b3">δακρυ-όεις</b> [[rich in tears]] (Il.) on which Risch, Museum Helv. 3 (1946) 255; <b class="b3">δακρυώδης</b> [[with tears]] (of wounds, Hp.); denomin. <b class="b3">δακρύω</b> <b class="b2">weep (over)</b> (Il.) with <b class="b3">δάκρυμα</b> [[wept over]] (Orac. ap. Hdt. 7, 169), [[tear]] (A.); hell. <b class="b3">*δάκρυμα</b> to Lat. [[dacruma]], [[lacrima]], s. Leumann Sprache 1, 206.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [179] <b class="b2">*drḱ-h₂ḱru</b> [[eye-bitter]] > [[tear]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[tear]]. Arm. [[artasu-k]] pl. (< <b class="b2">*draḱu-</b>, s. below), sg. [[artawsr]] (< <b class="b2">*draḱu-r</b>); Germ., e. g. OHG [[zahar]], Goth. [[tagr]] (with grammat. change); Celt., e. g. OBret. [[dacr]], OIr. [[dēr]], < <b class="b2">*daḱr(o</b>)-. - Beside it OHG [[trahan]], < PGm. <b class="b2">*trahnu-</b>, < <b class="b2">*draḱnu-</b>. One started from <b class="b2">*draḱru-</b> with dissimilation. - The eastern languages have no initial consonants: Skt. <b class="b2">áśru-</b>, Av. <b class="b2">asrū-</b>, Balt., e. g. Lith. <b class="b2">ašarà</b>, Toch. A [[ākär]]. "Eine befriedigende Erklärung ist noch nicht gefunden; vielleicht liegt alte Kreuzung mit einem anderen Wort vor." (Frisk) - Kortlandt assumes a compound from <b class="b2">*dr̥ḱ-h₂ḱru</b> [[eye-bitter]], the first element from <b class="b2">*derḱ-</b> [[to see]], the second element being [[bitter]]. Cf. Pinault FS Beekes 1997, 291-233. - Note Hitt. <b class="b2">išḫaḫru-</b> n. [[tears]]. Kortlandt supposes <b class="b2">*skʷ-h₂ḱru</b> (from <b class="b2">*sekʷ-</b> [[see]]). - See W.-Hofmann s. [[lacrima]]; further Sapir Lang. 15, 180ff..