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μύω: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=myo | |Transliteration C=myo | ||
|Beta Code=mu/w | |Beta Code=mu/w | ||
|Definition=fut. <b class="b3">μύσω [ῠ</b>] Lyc.988: aor. | |Definition=fut. <b class="b3">μύσω [ῠ</b>] Lyc.988: aor. [[ἔμυσα]], Ep. 3pl. [[μύσαν]]: pf. [[μέμῡκα]]: [ῡ in pres., <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Dian.</span>95</span>, Nic.<span class="title">Fr.</span>74.56: ῠ in aor., <span class="bibl">Il.24.637</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 421</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1183</span>, exc. in later writers, as <span class="title">AP</span>7.630 (Antiphil.), <span class="bibl">9.558</span> (Eryc.): ῡ in pf., <span class="bibl">Il.24.420</span>, <span class="title">App.Anth.</span>4.39 (Leon.) ]: <span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> intr., [[close]], [[be shut]], of the eyes, οὐ γάρ πω μύσαν ὄσσε ὑπὸ βλεφάροισιν <span class="bibl">Il.24.637</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ μύσαντος ὄμματος</b> from [[closed]] eye, E.l.c.; of the mouth or any opening, τὰ τῶν διεξόδων στόματα ᾗ τὸ πτερὸν ὁρμᾷ συναυαινόμενα μύσαντα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>251d</span>; χεῖλος ἔμυσε <span class="title">AP</span>7.630 (Antiphil.); <b class="b3">μεμυκὼς χείλεα σιγῇ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">15.40</span> (Cometas); <b class="b3">τρηχὺς… μέμυκε πόρος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">10.5</span> (Thyill.); of bivalve fish, opp. [[κεχηνέναι]], <span class="bibl">Ath.3.93f</span>; of flowers, κρόκος εἴαρι μύων Nic. l.c.; but also, [[wither]], ἀστάχυσιν μεμυκόσιν ἐξ αὐχμοῦ καὶ ἀνομβρίας <span class="bibl">Ph.2.383</span>: metaph., τῷ λιμῷ μαραινόμενοι καὶ μεμυκότες <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">BJ</span>6.5.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> of persons or animals, [[shut the eyes]], μύω τε καὶ δέδορκα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>774</span>; φαίνεται καὶ μύουσιν ὁράματα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">de An.</span>428a16</span>; οὐ μύοντα λαγωόν <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Dian.</span>95</span>; [[μύσας]] as a preliminary to going through what is painful, παρέχειν μύσαντα εὖ καὶ ἀνδρείως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>480c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ant.</span>421</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>988</span>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.3</span>: metaph., μύσας τῷ λογισμῷ <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span> 60</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> metaph., [[to be lulled to rest]], [[abate]], of pain, ἀνατέτροφας ὅ τι καὶ μύσῃ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1009</span> (lyr.); of storms, <span class="title">AP</span>7.293 (Isid.Aeg.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> trans., [[close]], [[shut]], [[κανθούς]] ib.<span class="bibl">221</span>; <b class="b3">ὕπνος ἔμυσε κόρας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">9.558</span> (Eryc.); τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς ποσως μ. <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1.105</span>; περὶ ὃ πᾶν ὄμμα μύομεν <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>6</span>.</span> | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[close]], [[be shut]], esp. of the eyes, [[shut the eyes]], [[abate]], also (esp. with <b class="b3">κατα-</b>) trans. [[shut]] ( | |etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[close]], [[be shut]], esp. of the eyes, [[shut the eyes]], [[abate]], also (esp. with <b class="b3">κατα-</b>) trans. [[shut]] ([[ὀφθαλμούς]] etc.) (S. Fr. 774, Call., Nic.).<br />Other forms: aor. <b class="b3">μύσαι</b> (Ω 637; cf. below), late. [[μῦσαι]] (AP ), fut. <b class="b3">μύσ-ω</b> (Lyc. 988), perf. [[μέμυκα]] (Ω 420).<br />Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>. As 1. element in <b class="b3">μύ-ωψ</b>, them. elarged <b class="b3">-ωπός</b> "with closing eyes", i.e. [[near-sighted]] (cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 9 n. 2).<br />Derivatives: 1. Adv. in <b class="b3">-τί</b> with [[α]] priv.: <b class="b3">ἀ-μυσ-τί</b> <b class="b2">without closing (the lips), at one draught</b> (Hp., Pherecr.), from where [[ἄμυστις]] f. [[drinking at one draught]] (Anacr., Epich., E.) with [[ἀμυστίζω]] [[empty the cup at one draught]] (E., Plu.); cf. Schwyzer 623 w. n. 10. -- 2. (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατά-)μύσις</b> f. [[the closing]], [[go together]] (Hp., Thphr., Plu.). -- 3. [[μύστης]] m. prob. prop. "who shuts his eyes", <b class="b2">the initiated (in the Eleusinian mysteries)</b> (Heraclit., Ar., E.) in opposition to the [[ἐπόπτης]] "the observer", wo reached the highest degree; f. [[μύστις]] name of comedies of Antiph. and Philem., LXX; with [[μυστικός]] <b class="b2">belonging to the mystai (mysteries), secret</b> (IA.; Chantraine Études 116, 123, 125), [[μυστήριον]], usu. pl. <b class="b3">-ια</b> [[secret service]] (IA.) with <b class="b3">μυστηρ-ιώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-ικός</b> etc.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 222 f. -- Beside [[μύω]] stands [[μυέω]], mostly pass. [[μυέομαι]], aor. [[μυηθῆναι]], [[μυῆσαι]], fut. [[μυηθήσομαι]], perf. [[μεμύημαι]], rarely with <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, prob. prop. "have one's eyes closed" (cf. [[μύστης]]), [[be initiated]], with secondarily the act. [[initiate]] (IA.). From where [[μύησις]] f. [[initiation]] (hell., inscr., Ph.). -- On itself stands [[μυάω]] <b class="b2">shut the lips (the eyes?)</b> (only Ar. Lys. 126 <b class="b3">τί μοι μυα̃τε</b>; by H. explained with [[σκαρδαμύττετε]]), also [[μοιμυάω]] (H., Phot.); constucted from the Ar.-place?; but cf. [[μοιμύλλω]] s. [[μύλλω]].<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown] IE LIV 401, <b class="b2">*meus-</b> [[shut oneself]]<br />Etymology: The perfect [[μέμυκα]] agrees with the also intransitive [[ἕστηκα]], [[βέβηκα]] etc.; the shortvowel aor. <b class="b3">μύσαι</b> (for which secondarily [[μῦσαι]] to [[μύω]]) may like [[φθάσαι]] a.o. have been transformed from a root aor. (<b class="b3">μύσαν Ω</b> 637 for <b class="b3">*μύ-ν</b>?); from there the fut. <b class="b3">μύσ-ω</b>. Then the [[σ]] in <b class="b3">μύσ-της</b> would be unoriginal. If old, [[μέμυκα]] would have to be analogical. The present [[μύω]] can be explained both from <b class="b3">μυ-</b> and from <b class="b3">μυσ-</b> (<b class="b3">*μύσ-ι̯ω</b> Schulze Q. 334 n. 3 as a question); cf. Schwyzer 686 and 721. -- Comparisons outside Greek are hardly of help: the isolated Latv. [[musinât]] [[whisper]], [[murmur]] (WP. 2, 310, Pok. 752) does no say much. (Does [[μύω]] go back on sound-imitating [[μῦ]]?; s. also [[μύζω]], [[μῦθος]], [[μυκάομαι]]. -- The innovation [[μυέομαι]] with [[μυέω]] may have arisen from nonpres., with [[η]] enlarged forms like [[μυηθῆναι]], [[μεμύημαι]]; cf. Schwyzer 721. On [[μυάω]] cf. [[σιγάω]], [[βοάω]] a.o. -- On the fate of [[μυστικός]], [[μυστήριον]] in the Westeurop. languages (Fr. [[mystique]], <b class="b2">mystère</b> etc.) and in Newgr. s. Chantraine Studii clasice 2, 69 f. - Fur. 378 compares [[ἀμύω]] and considers it as perh. Pre-Greek. Janda connects Pal. <b class="b2">muš-</b> [[satiate oneself]], IE <b class="b2">*meus-</b> [[shut oneself]] (LIV 401), Sprache 40, 1998 [2001], 21. | ||
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